Le esiqwini sesityalo engundoqo: asiyonkcazelo epheleleyo

Amalaphu - isakhiwo kuqulethe ezininzi iiseli efanayo kulo imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Zonke izilwanyana multicellular kunye nezityalo (ngaphandle ulwelwe) luqulathe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwithishyu.

Ngawaphi laphu?

Xa izixwexwe zezilwanyana yahlulwe ntlobo ezine:

• epithelial;
• imisipha;
• izihlanganisi;
• inyama luvo.

Bonke bephela, ngaphandle luvo, ahlulwe ke iintlobo. Ngoko ke, lo epithelium kusenokuba cubic, iflethi, zezindlu, ciliated novelwano. Izihlunu zomzimba yahlulwe striated, ezesifuba agudileyo. Le Group ibandakanya amanqatha nokuqina, ezinezikhondo elingqingqwa, ifayibha evakalala, reticular, amathambo kunye intlala, igazi kunye nkovu.

izixwexwe Plant ezi ntlobo:

• imfundo;
• conductive;
• ngeso lenyama;
• inyama mechanical;
• excretory (secretory);
• inyama engundoqo (parenchyma).

Bonke bephela yahlulwe sub-ngamaqela. Ngoko ke, ngokuba izicwili zemfundo ezi terminal, eyodwa, ngapha inxeba. Conductive yahlulwe lo xylem kunye phloem. amalaphu Ukugubungela sidibanisa iintlobo ezintathu: sangaphandle, ukhokho kunye Cork. Manual wohlulwe collenchyma kunye sclerenchyma. inyama Secretory yahlulwe iintlobo. A esiqwini sesityalo enkulu, njengabo bonke abanye, kuvela iindidi eziliqela. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni na inyama main izityalo?

Kukho emine nohlobo lwayo. Ngoko ke, eli laphu iphambili:

• akhwifa;
• womoya;
• nokwenziwa;
• stock up.

Zinelungelo isakhiwo efanayo, kodwa umahluko othile omnye komnye. Umsebenzi ophambili yezi ntlobo ezine kwithishyu nalo ngandlel 'ithile.

Ubume yemeko: a isishwankathelo jikelele

Okwakha kuzo zonke iintlobo ezine wenziwe ziiseli abaphila ngeendonga ezibhityileyo. Amalaphu elolu hlobo ekuthiwa kuba asisiseko onke amalungu abalulekileyo. Ngoku makhe sijonge imisebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo okwakha yohlobo nganye nganye zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Water-obuvelisa inyama: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Eli laphu loqobo lolu hlobo yakhiwe le iiseli ezinkulu kufuneka neendonga ezibhityileyo. Xa vacuoles zonke izihlunu zomzimba uxakaxa iqulethe into ekhethekileyo, eyenzelwe ukugcina ukufuma.

Imisebenzi akhwifa Ilaphu silele yokuba igcina ibingenakunyakama.

Ingaba amanzi ngokuzala parenchyma kwi isiqu namagqabi zezityalo ezifana Cacti, zeagave, zekhala, kunye nezinye, ikhula kwimozulu ngokoma. Ngenxa inani elikhulu enjalo esiqwini sesityalo nga Stock phezu kwamanzi xa imvula akayi kuba elide.

Features womoya parenchyma

iiseli zomzimba wezo iintlobo kumgama ukusuka kwenye. Phakathi zizithuba intercellular apho umoya igcinwe.

Umsebenzi parenchyma kukuba inika iiseli yezinye nezihlunu izityalo icarbon dioxide neoksijini.

Kukho isicwili enjalo emzimbeni ikakhulu nomgxobhozo kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Kweli lizwe inqabile.

parenchyma Assimilative: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Siqulathe iiseli naphakathi zibhityile ngodonga.

Ngaphakathi kwiseli nokwenziwa esikule amanani ezinkulu chloroplasts - i organelles elijongene yefotosinthesisi.

Ezi organelles babe ingaphandle ezimbini. Ngaphakathi thylakoids chloroplast zezi - iingxowa discoid enqanda eziqulathwe kuzo. Bona eqokelelwa ziimfumba - grana. Yakutshanje ezihlangene yi lamellar - side izakhiwo ezifana thylakoids. Ngaphezu koko, chloroplasts ezi inclusions starch ribosome kuyimfuneko Yindibanisela protein, DNA kunye site RNA.

Inkqubo photosynthesis - lokuvelisa izinto zemvelo ukusuka ezingaphiliyo ngu enzyme amandla elanga - Kwenzeka thylakoids. I-enzayim engundoqo ebonelela ezi khemikhali zeekhemikhali into ebizwa ngokuba yiklorofili. Le nto eluhlaza (Bulelani kuye amagqabi kunye nezikhondo zezityalo oku umbala).

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ungundoqo kolu hlobo yethishyu - photosynthesis okhankanywe ngentla, kwakunye Exchange negesi.

Nokwenziwa inyama kakhulu esithile amagqabi neziphezulu izibophelelo zezityalo herbaceous. ukuba lukhona iziqhamo oluhlaza. Nokwenziwa inyama ayikho phezu kwamagqabi nezikhondo, kunye nemvaba transparent zokhuselo.

parenchyma yokugcina Iimpawu

Iiseli yalo inyama luphawulwa medium size nje. iindonga zazo kuvame ibhityile, kodwa kufuneka eqinileyo.

Umsebenzi yokugcina parenchyma - yokugcina izondlo. Ngenxa yoko, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ukhonza starch inulin, kunye nezinye carbohydrate, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - iiprothini, acid kunye namafutha.

Yeyona salo olu hlobo ukuze Amadlozi iimbewu zezityalo yonyaka, kwakunye kwi endosperm. In angehli imifuno, amatyholo, iintyatyambo kunye imithi ngekawusi ngelaphu inokuba kwi iibhalbhu, amatswele, iingcambu, kwakunye kwi ingundoqo izikhondo.

isiphelo

The main Ilaphu - eyona nto ibalulekileyo umzimba zesityalo, ekubeni sisiseko onke amalungu. Amalaphu yale hlobo kunika zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo, kuquka umBoniso nokutshintshiselana negesi. Kwakhona, inyama esisiseko elijongene yokudala uluhlu kwezinto eziphilayo (kakhulu kuninzi yi istatshi) kwi izityalo ngokwabo, kodwa imbewu yabo. organic koko zizondlo kwi parenchyma nga kugcinelwa umoya namanzi. Womoya kunye namanzi-zithwele izihlunu Abazilulamelanga ke bonke izityalo. Ixesha langoku yokuqala kuphela entlango, kwaye eyesibini - kwiintlobo omanzi.