Yamandulo intsomi umYiputa: omsebenzi osemqoka, oothixo, iintsomi

EYiputa mandulo, nangona zonke, isahleli ephucuke kakhulu twisiseka. It nangoku ngokuba "isipho eNayile" kwaye igqalwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo iiphiramidi kunye SPHINX, esisigxina amehlo yakhe nentlabathi enkulu. Zamandulo ikhoyo kulo ilizwe uyahambelana kunye iintsinga zeziganeko zembali kunye namabali emangalisayo. Iintsomi yamandulo - ngokwenene isipho ezibalulekileyo kunceda mbali mihla ukuchaza iimfihlelo ezininzi mandulo beli lizwe. Ukuba ke wabeka raison d'être kumaYiputa amandulo nentsebenziswano yawo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Features intsomi Egyptian

Nokuba ngaphandle kokuba mbali, nabani na uyazi ukuba neentsomi nayiphi na impucuko yamandulo isekelwe akujonga ngayo abantu ethile. Yamandulo Egypt intsomi ayiphetheyo iimpawu Akumangalisi leyo afakwe ngeeMpawu ezininzi ezimele iziganeko ezingenamsebenzi. Ukuqonda kubo ebanda inqondo cishe engenakwenzeka. Oku kufuna jonga yentanda kwi yintoni ebangela le umtya kwamagama. Yintoni na ke inkalo ephambili boko amandulo namabali? intsomi samandulo saseYiputa na, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umntu obizwa akawukhabi iziganeko ngoku, ukuba aye kulwa noko ngoku ezibizwa ngokuba nxi, kuba zonke ezenziwe nakuba "umyalelo osisilumko", kuya mthetho kuluntu.

Heroes zeemposiso laseYiputa Ancient

Iintsomi zokuqala eYiputa zaye zabhalwa, ngakumbi ngqo, wathi phambi ukwakhiwa iiphiramidi odumileyo. Bona eziqulethwe amabali malunga nokudalwa zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ukongeza, neentsomi samandulo saseYiputa iqulathe amabali malunga kumzabalazo amandla woothixo. Ngokungafaniyo iintlanga ezininzi Eastern, amaYiputa akazange nje zibandakanya iintsomi abantu abaqhelekileyo, ngoko abalinganiswa zazo eziphambili soloko oothixo abaninzi. Ezinye amaYiputa amoyika yaye bayathandwa, ngoxa abanye babesoyika okanye boyika ngokuphandle. Ngelo xesha, abantu eYiputa yamandulo labonwa esondele isimiso saphezulu, ngenxa yokuba, njengako zonke iintsomi ezifanayo, oothixo kumaxesha amandulo wahlala phakathi kwabantu, nenzala yabo baba ookumkani, wamonga abantu bakhe.

Oothixo kunye noothixo, villains umncedi

Into efuna lowo etha intsomi umYiputa? Koothixo - abalinganiswa abaphambili imisebenzi enjalo kwezinye izizwe ezininzi. AmaYiputa amandulo kungekho ngaphandle. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, bonke oothixo amaYiputa yahlulwa okulungileyo nokubi. Ukuba yokuqala 'thethana "ngoncedo iminikelo, le yokugqibela wayengazi inceba kwaye wobulali umsindo wakhe kuphela emva kokuba bayizise imibingelelo emikhulu imiphefumlo yabantu. Lifikile ixesha lokuba ukukhumbula bonke abantu ephakamileyo wakha wakhankanya neentsomi ngamaYiputa amandulo.

oothixo Ephakamileyo eYiputa waba embalwa, oko kwakuxhomekeke ubukhulu becala kwiindawo karhulumente. AmaYiputa amoyika jikelele uyahlonelwa uthixo ilanga Ra, kwaye ooFaro ayejongwa abantwana bakhe. E IThebes (Upper Egypt), oko uthathwa Amon-Ra - uthixo yomoya kunye ilanga, lo gama Lower Egypt liguqule isigwebo njengoAtum - uthixo kwelanga setting. WaseOni, ibekwe Lower eYiputa, isithixo eliyintloko ingqalelo Geb, uThixo wehlabathi, kwaye eNofu - Ptah. Oko ke ngoku lo ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiintsomi yamandulo baseYiputa, uthixo ilanga wayengekho yedwa. Ngaloo mihla, amaYiputa Ndabancoma kuphela inkwenkwezi, kodwa nqanaba ikhona emhlabeni: kusasa nangokuhlwa kwelanga. Ukongeza, njengoko imvelaphi eyahlukileyo nguThixo disk elanga wabonwa uthixo Aton.

Ngaphandle izidalwa ezichazwe ngasentla, iintsomi oothixo baseYiputa amandulo okhankanywe kunye namanye amaziko, akukho kangako kunye nempembelelo. indima entle kule fanele Amat (isithixokazi lwempindezelo ngenxa yezono), Apis (umxhasi wenzala kunye namandla), kwakunye entabeni (uthixo ukusa okanye ilanga liphuma). Ukongeza, kaninzi kwicala HIV iintsomi ekhankanywe Anubis, Isis, uOsiris kunye Ptah. Ombi, ngenxa yoko ndingathandwa Ephakamileyo Ekubeni eYiputa zaye ingqalelo oku kulandelayo: Sebek - uthixo amachibi kunye nemilambo, ukungxengxeza leyo lungadityaniswa kuphela kuye amaxhoba amaninzi, uSete - inkosi imimoya entlango, Sekhmet - isithixokazi imfazwe, ngenkohlakalo kwaye lukhohlakele kubantu bonke.

Eyona umdla ke ziintsomi zamandulo saseYiputa ngokudalwa kwabantu yezulu nomhlaba, oko kukuthi ehlabathini. La maziko ezahlukeneyo qhaza waseYiputa wabelwa njengothixo enye, ngoxa abanye baye yena okanye abancedisi Ukumelana ugobe. Kwakukho enye kuphela indawo zoqhagamshelwano zezi imiyalelo kosmogonisticheskih - uthixo kaNun, engumqondiso elibalulekile YomonakaloName.

Iintsomi malunga kokusekwa kwehlabathi ngokwe waseOni

Inani labantu kwisixeko saseYiputa shemeshe kunye eyingqongileyo bakholelwa kwinto yokuba kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, okanye mandithi, zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni, ebanjwe ngenxa njengoAtum. Ngokwembono yabo, lo uthixo isidalwa yokuqala eyayikho ezinzulwini kaNun - iziyobisi enkulu, ukubanda nemnyama. Athi, akuba engafumani ndawo esiqinileyo ukusuka apho Ungazama ukwenza ukukhanya nobushushu, njengoAtum wadala uBhen-Ben - intaba elibheke bolwandle phakathi engenakho ebandayo.

Emva kokuthandabuza abanye ngento ukwenza ngakumbi, uThixo wagqiba ukudala Shu (uthixo lomoya), nto leyo nesiphumo ukuhamba phezu kolwandle, Tefnut (ihlabathi order tempile wothixokazi), apho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba Shu lutshatyalaliswe eziya kwenziwa ngalo. Noone wabona ummangaliso onjalo, Shu kunye Tefnut wanikela ngomphefumlo ezimbini. Ekubeni kweli hlabathi elitsha kwakungekho ukukhanya, oothixo sokuqala ebilahlekile. NjengoAtum wathumela on befuna Iliso wakhe, nto leyo kungekudala kwakhokelela abantwana bakhe ukuba utatomkhulu. baphalaze Joy njengoAtum iinyembezi, baphose emhlabeni eqinileyo lwaba bantu.

Shu and Tefnut, elingumthombo, wazala Geb kunye Nut, ngubani kungekudala baqalisa ukuhlala njengendoda nomfazi. Kungekudala, lo Nut isibhakabhaka uthixokazi wazala uOsiris, USeti Horus, Isis kunye Nephthys. Lonke usapho lukaThixo, ngokwale intsomi, nguye oothixo enkulu ezisithoba eYiputa. Kodwa oku uguqulelo kuphela umyalelo imbonakalo abantu ephakamileyo, yaye ngenxa yoko ubukhulu babo. intsomi yamandulo baseYiputa iqulathe a mabali ezimbalwa ngakumbi ngalo mbandela.

Ukudalwa of the World: Memphis cosmogony

Ngokutsho kwinguqulo indalo ochazwe imisongo abawafumana eNofu, uthixo yokuqala eyayikho ezinzulwini kaNun, kwaba Ptah, nto leyo umhlaba oqinileyo. Umzamo yena baphume kweli lizwe ngokwalo nomzimba wazuza. Ptah ligqibe ukuyila ngumncedi lokwenyaniso umbandela efanayo ukusuka apho wavela, oko kukuthi, ukusuka emhlabeni. Owokuqala wazalwa njengoAtum, leyo ukusungulwa iminqweno kayise ukusuka ebumnyameni kaNun oothixo ezinkulu ezisithoba eYiputa. Ptah ingaba abanike kuphela ubulumko namandla.

version Theban ngemvelaphi zehlabathi

Ngo IThebes imbali imvelaphi kwehlabathi ngayo yahluke kancinane kulawo kwalandela kwezinye iindawo laseYiputa yamandulo. Umahluko lokuqala kunye ibalulekileyo - inani woothixo: in kwezinye iinguqulelo ibiyimini Nine Enkulu, i Theban lubonisa ubukho ezintathu esiPhakamileyo: Mina - uthixo wenzala, Amon - uthixo kwelanga nemfazwe nothixo Montu. UMdali ihlabathi ingqalelo Min. Thile emva, Min noAmon sele kuboniswa isithixo, engumqondiso ilanga, esinika ukukhanya, ubushushu kunye isivuno zizityebi.

Germopolskaya cosmogony ngemvelaphi zehlabathi

Eyona ezininzi oothixo yamandulo zaseYiputa oothixo "wokuqala" olwalukho kwinguqulelo wentsomi kwendalo kwehlabathi, afumaneka kwi Hermopolis. Ezinzulwini Enkulu YomonakaloName (Nun) kugcwele yimikhosi ngqo ezingatshabalalisa, eliquka izibini ezithathu oothixo kunye Nisa Niaut yanto okukhombisa Tenema kunye elibonisa zanyamalala ebumnyameni Tenomuit, kwakunye Gereh kunye Gerecht - oothixo nobusuku nobumnyama. Baye langutane izibini ezine oothixo, benawo imikhosi ezakhayo: Ye kunye Hauhet (oothixo Infinity), Noon kunye Naunet (oothixo zamanzi), Cook kunye Kauket (oothixo ezimnyama), uAmon kunye amunet (oothixo ngabonakali). Oku kubizwa ngokuba Enkulu ezisibhozo. Ukuqubha ixesha elide elwandle, bathe bakuyila iqanda wayifaka kuloo ndawo kuphela phezu kwamanzi - Hill Fire. Emva kwexesha elithile kulo laqanduselwa Ra oselula, ngubani wanikwa igama Khepera. Ngoko ke oothixo waba ezilithoba, kwaye bakwazi ukwenza ukudalwa kwabantu.

Ubomi emva kokufa kwi zeemposiso kwamaYiputa

Hayi nje kokusekwa kwehlabathi yeentsomi namabali eYiputa yamandulo zanikezelwa. Inkolelo ezazikho kweli lizwe, kucingelwa ubukho ubomi emva kokufa. Kwiintsomi zaseYiputa, emva kokufa yaba umlambo Deep, phakathi kunxweme apho zehla amaphenyane. Imiphefumlo yabantu abafileyo, ngokutsho kwiintsomi, emva ekutshabalaleni umzimba yajika ukuba abe isikhephe wenza uhambo olude phakathi kwawo amaphakade, wabaphilileyo nabafileyo. beluphelela nje kunxweme olungaphesheya, umphefumlo kade nga ndizole. Impumelelo yale hambo ngaphandle oothixo: Anubis yayinoxanduva ekulondolozweni emzimbeni phambi kokuba kungcwatywe nasemva Selket abagcini umphefumlo ofileyo, Socar abagcini emasangweni kwelabafileyo, ehamba umphefumlo Upuat ngexesha uhambo ukuya kuMlambo oluFileyo.

ukubaluleka Enkulu uye wadlala ukulondoloza izidumbu; ngokuba athe zidumbu, lo gama kugcinwe izibilini kwiinqanawa ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho legend, umntu kwakhona ukuba izithethe lwenziwa kanye njengoko kumiselwe ngumthetho enkulu sisilumko.

somzabalazo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi kwi zeemposiso umYiputa

Angawaconganga neentsomi amandulo eYiputa isihloko ezifana somzabalazo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iguqulelwe amabali amaninzi malunga nendlela oothixo baseYiputa alwa abantu ezimbi kaThixo, adla thaca ngokohlobo iingwenya kunye iimvubu. Le umlweli ephambili phezu kwawo, Kakade ke, ilanga-uthixo, kunye namahlakani top ekubuyiselweni ukuze baba oothixo lokuqala - Shu, Montu, iiertyisi kunye nabanye. Ngokutsho kwiintsomi, Ra kulwa ububi yenzeka yonke imihla, yaye hayi kuphela ehlabathini labaphilileyo, kodwa njengabantu bonke abafileyo.