Chromosome. zofuzo Non-homologous kunye homologous.

Zofuzo - lo isakhiwo olusebenzayo iiseli oluntu ziqulathe yemfuza. Icandelo iseli ye eziliqela data nako zipeyintwe ngexesha hlula cell. Zofuzo ziphenjelelwa iintonga, imisonto, iziporo zikaloliwe, njl .. Xa ubude bayo, ezi zinto ngoku zidibene. Ziqulethe uluhlu centromere, nangengalo elifutshane elide, constriction zasesekondari, satellite, zokuluka ngomsonto, chromonemata. Indawo inxalenye chromosome njengoko centromere, ichaphazela uya kuba yintoni na uhlobo kanye umanyano kumgca iseli. Kwimeko ukuba le nxalenye imi ekupheleni isakhi kwaye esebenza, kuba intonga-ezimile. Ukufumana inxalenye afana centromere kumbindi isiphumo ukuba chromosome kuthatha uhlobo alinganayo-namaqhosha. Ukuba inxalenye ezifanelekileyo ibekwe yokuxazulula ukusuka kwiziko, i isakhi-esebenza iba emagxeni iphini ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokubanzi, kuko udidi lweenkonzo 4 kobume chromosome. Uhlobo sokuqala telotsentricheskie isakhiwo zisebenza. Second - acrocentric (ingalo yesibini lifutshane kakhulu kwaye phantse imperceptible). Uhlobo lwesithathu zofuzo submetacentric, imilo esifana unobumba "L". Ekugqibeleni, lo Uhlobo lwesine - metacentric. Zofuzo elolu hlobo amagxa ebizwa ngokuba yiyo, leyo bayalingana ubude. Ukongeza ezinjalo izinto unobumba napomminayut kwaye ngaxeshanye uphawu woloyiso "V".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igumbi lokufundela ngalinye nucleated somatic yeseli kwabantu iqulethe izibini imashumi mabini anamithathu zofuzo, ezo yomgama. Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu iikopi DNA ayo (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Iyafuna esithi amagama ambalwa malunga ngesondo isakhiwo kwaye kukwasetyenziswa yona iiseli zabantu. It Y- kunye X-chromosome. Eyokuqala iqulethe malunga 58 ngezibini angamatshijolo, 78 ithwala genes and wenjenje izinga kuguquka eliphezulu ngenxa yokusingqongileyo apho emi kuyo. Le chromosome sex uyakwazi nokunikezelwa kuphela yobudoda. Nabo ke, kuxhomekeke ezininzi kakhulu kumacandelo iseli zisenzeka ngexesha gametogenesis. Beka isidoda - it vysokookislitelnaya amasende ngoLwesithathu, ushukumisa inkqubo yokukhulisa ezifana mutating. Le chromosome kwesibini malunga nezigidi 150 izibini iziseko nitrogen. Kuye phantse 1400 yemfuza. Amaduna abe X- omnye Y-chromosome. Abafazi babe "iseti" ezahlukeneyo. Baye X-zofuzo ezimbini. Omnye wabo uya intombi nonina, omnye njengelifa ivela umama notata wam, oko kukuthi, noninakhulu kwicala kayise.

Kudla kukho imibuzo malunga apho zofuzo kuthiwa homologous and non-homologous. Impendulo ngolu hlobo. Ngoko ke, kukho zofuzo homologous. Iplagi lweziqalelo zolwakhiwo kwaye zisebenza abakulo kwisisele diploid. zofuzo Homologous bahluka ukuba ngamnye kubo baya ukusuka kwenye kwaye kwezinye umzali. izinto ezinjalo kufuneka ulandelelwano nucleotide efanayo kulo lonke ubude. Oku kuthetha ukuba zofuzo homologous kufuneka zofuzo ezifanayo, apho zicwangciswe ngokulandelelana efanayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukufunda izihloko ezifana umdla nje kuphela, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu ebomini, ngenxa yokuba umzimba wakhe ngcono ukwazi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kufuneka kongezwe ukuba zofuzo homologous uhlale uhlobo olufanayo. Umzekelo, ukuba babe tselotsentricheskimi, submetacentric, acrocentric, metacentric. zofuzo Non-homologous ziqulathe zofuzo nezawo. Ukongeza, ezi ngokokwakheka hayi conjugated izinto ezisebenzayo ngethuba meiosis. zofuzo Non-homologous ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza ukudibanisa kwiseli. Oku kubonakele ngexesha isifundo ilifa iimpawu. Kwakhona, le nkcazelo yafunyanwa indlela cytology ngqo.

Ulwazi oludweliswe ngentla kuya kukunceda ukuba ube nolwazi olusisiseko zofuzo ngokubanzi.