Yintoni centrifugation? Inkcazo nangemigaqo le ndlela

Yintoni centrifugation? isetyenziswa Yintoni indlela? Igama elithi "centrifugation" kuthetha ukwahlulwa izinto elulwelo okanye kwamaqondo eparticulate ibe iinxalenye ezahlukahlukeneyo ngenkani centrifugal. Wazithwala phandle kwahlulwe enjalo kwezinto ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - centrifuges. Yintoni umgaqo na indlela?

centrifugation isimiso

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha le nkcazelo. Centrifugation - ifuthe kwi into ngu-high speed ukujikeleza kwiyuniti ezizodwa. Kwindawo engundoqo ye naliphi na ivili icentrifuge kuphuma eliquka kwiindawo zokubeka ukuba ngemibhobho kunye umbandela kuxhomekeke ukwahlulwa ibe ngamaqhezu ngamnye. Ngexesha ukujikeleza plane kwi ukwanda ngesantya kakuhle amandla centrifugal. Izinto ezibekwe ityhubhu zovavanyo, izinto ezahlukeneyo ayahlulwa kwi loxinano lwangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, xa centrifuging iisampulu komhlaba kunye engamanzi kwenze ezahlulwe sisithuba equlethwe amasuntswana kulo okuqinileyo.

indlela Author

Kuba okokuqala, oko kwazeka ukuba centrifugation enjalo, emva kokuba amalinge olwenziwe ngabaphandi A. F. Lebedevym. Indlela saphuhliswa yi abaphandi ngenjongo yokumisela ubume kwamanzi emhlabeni. idatha ngaphambili kusetyenziswa ulwelo neentlenge, kulandele eyahlula ukususela iisampuli okuqinileyo. Development indlela centrifugation iya kuvumela ukuba ukumelana nalo msebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa kule bahlukane bazakukwazi ukuyikhupha iqhezu esiqinileyo ukusuka izinto lulwelo karhulumente ezomileyo nje imizuzu.

izigaba centrifugation

Zahlula neentlenge centrifugation luqala lunezinto kuxhomekeke uphando. Le processing kwenzeka izixhobo eziphathekayo-lamasetlani. Ngethuba yokulungisa izinto kwamaqondo eparticulate ezahlulwa womxhuzulane. Oku kwenza kube lula ukulungisa into kuqhawulo ngcono yimikhosi centrifugal.

Ezinye izinto kwiityhubhu eemvavanyo phantsi lokuhluza. Kule nyathelo, isicelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-namagubu tubing, ezo zilungiselelwe eyahlula ulwelo ngamasuntswana okuqinileyo. Ekuhambeni yeziganeko thaca ezike uhlala phezu ezindongeni icentrifuge.

ubuhle be indlela

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezijolise ukwahlulwa izinto ngamnye, ezifana ukuhluza okanye neentlenge, centrifugation yenza kube lula ukufumana kwenze kunye ubuncinane isibonisi ukufuma. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela ivumela ukwahlukana ukwahlukanisa oluludaka ithungwe saa. Isiphumo kukufumana ubukhulu bamagaqa 5-10 microns. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo ithuba ukujija ekwenzeni kwayo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo imiqulu ezincinane kunye nomlinganiselo. Le ethile kuphela indlela owenza izixhobo aphezulu amandla.

Centrifugation Biology

Eziphilayo, kwahlulwe kweziyobisi zizinto ngamnye Asebenzisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kumalungiselelo iziyobisi iimviwo phantsi ngemicroscope. Centrifugation lwenziwa kwizixhobo complex - tsitorotorah. izixhobo ezifana ukongeza kwiindawo zokubeka for ngemibhobho anikwe nabanini isampula, zonke iintlobo izilayidi nzima isakhiwo. Ukususela isixhobo icentrifuge kuphando eziphilayo echaphazela ngqo umgangatho izinto ezifunyenweyo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo isixa ulwazi oluluncedo ezinokuthi elinesihloko esithi Iziphumo zohlalutyo.

imboni liphucula Centrifugation

indlela centrifugation buyafuneka ekuveliseni i-oyile. imithombo hydrocarbon Akukho awo ezabelwe ngokupheleleyo neyanamhlanje amanzi. Centrifugation yenza kube lula ukususa ulwelo kwemfuneko ukusuka ioli, ukwanda ubulunga bayo. Kulo mzekelo, i-oyile itshitshisiwe e benzene, uze emva koko lashushu ⁶⁰ ° C, yaye emva koko phantsi ukuba amandla centrifugal. Ekugqibeleni ukulinganisa umthamo wamanzi intsalela kwi eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo kuphindwa, xa kukho imfuneko.

centrifuging igazi

Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iinjongo amayeza. Xa amayeza, kuba ivumela ukusombulula thotho lulandelayo lwemisebenzi:

1. Onesiphumo nyulu iisampulu igazi plasmapheresis. Ukuze le njongo, kukho icentrifuge siyahlukana iiseli igazi plasma layo. Olu tyando yenza kube lula ukuphelisa igazi iintsholongwane, izilwa-buhlungu kakhulu, iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela, abulale.
2. Ukulungiselela ukutofelwa abanikelayo igazi. Emva incindi yomzimba eyahlula zibe amaqhezu ahlukeneyo nge centrifugation zisebenziseke donor iiseli ezibomvu kunye plasma esetyenziselwa ukutofelwa igazi okanye uza ukusetyenziswa elandelayo.
3. Ukuqhela zegazi. Iziyobisi akhutshwa plasma igazi, zegazi-rich. Ubunzima kwaphumela isetyenziswa kumasebe zotyando kunye Haematology kwamaziko onyango, unyango olungxamisekileyo, ukusebenza. Ukusetyenziswa zegazi amayeza yenza kube lula ukuphucula igazi amahlwili kwi ochaphazelekayo.
4. Yindibanisela aqoqiwe. Centrifugation iiseli igazi kwenzeka ukwahlulwa iinxalenye zayo singayekwa ngokungqinelana indlela ekhethekileyo. Ubunzima ogqityiweyo zizityebi erythrocytes, asetyenziselwa ukutofelwa ekulahlekeni igazi, imisebenzi. egazi abomvu wapakisha adla ngokusetyenziswa ukuba unyango lwe igazi, nezinye izifo ngemvelo zenkqubo igazi.

abaninzi isizukulwana esitsha izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa zonyango mihla, ezenza kube lula ukuba abhacele igubu rotary ukuya isantya ethile uze uyeke ngayo kwinqanaba elithile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukwahlukanisa igazi erythrocytes, iiplatelets, plasma, serum kunye egazi ngokuchane ngakumbi. Ngendlela efanayo kuphandwa enye fluid ngokomzimba, ngoqobo ethile ndilibalule Umchamo kuqamba.

Centrifuges: iintlobo ezisisiseko

Sizicingele oko centrifugation. Ngoku makhe sibone oko izixhobo kusetyenziselwa ukuphumeza indlela. Centrifuges aya kuvalelwa, oluvulelekileyo, transmission ngomatshini okanye manual. Inxalenye engundoqo ukusebenza zecebo manual evulekileyo ezisebenza axis ejikelezayo akhiwe nkqo. Inxalenye yayo ephezulu fixed perpendicularly umtya, apho amalungiselelo ezinokususwa kwisingxobo metal. Babeka ityhubhu okhethekileyo, iingqameko emazantsi. Xa enemikhono emazantsi ibhuqiwe wadding, leyo uyakuphepha umonakalo ityhubhu iglasi, wadibana ne-metal. Ngaphezu koko, lo nezixhobo iqhutywa. Emva kwexesha elithile ulwelo siyahlukana amasuntswana okuqinileyo lunqunyanyisiwe. Emva koko, lo icentrifuge uvinjwa ngesandla. Emazantsi kwimibhobho buzinze ashinyeneyo, kwenze esiqinileyo. Singasentla inxalenye ulwelo ngalo mba.

icentrifuge Mechanical hlwele ilifa inani elikhulu neekhatriji ukulungiselela kwimibhobho. izixhobo ezinjalo lula ngaphezu manual. rotors zabo iqhutywa iinjini ezinamandla zombane kwaye ukukhawulezisa ukuya ku 3,000 rpm. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza kwahlulwe olungcono ulwelo izinto eziqinileyo.

Iimpawu kulungiselelwa kwimibhobho ndizilingile centrifugation

Le iityhubhu, okusetyenziselwa centrifugation kufuneka kuzala izinto uvavanyo sobunzima ezifanayo. Ngako oko, kuba imilinganiselo ephakamileyo ikwazi zemilinganiselo ezithile zisetyenziswa. Xa ufuna usike iityhubhu ezininzi kwindawo icentrifuge, wabhenela ulwamkelo elilandelayo. Ukuthatyathwa iperi zeglasi kunye nokuphumeza ubunzima enye, omnye wabo ashiywe njengesingqiniso. Elandelayo balance uvavanyo-ityhubhu nesampula phambi obeka kule matshini. Le ndlela ikhawulezisa kakhulu phezulu lo msebenzi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, abalungiselela ephosa uthotho kwimibhobho.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimibhobho babengamfakanga kakhulu ukwimo phantsi kophando. Le nqanawa yeglasi igcwele ukuze kumgama kwikona ili-10 ubuncinane mm. Kungenjalo umbandela buya kuphalazelwa tube phantsi kwempembelelo amandla centrifugal.

Sverhtsentrifugi

Ngokuba ukwahlula yeekhomponenti zokumiswa entle kakhulu ukusetyenziswa elingonelanga manual aqhelekileyo okanye centrifuges mechanical. Kule meko ifuna ngaphezu ibe nempembelelo umxhelo kwi iziyobisi yimikhosi centrifugal. Xa ngokuphumeza iinkqubo ezo isicelo sverhtsentrifugi.

Into amelwe igubu umngxuma exhotyiswe isicwangciso ngohlobo ngemibhobho omncinci - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-240 mm. Ubude igubu ngokuphawulekayo mkhulu icandelo layo umnqamlezo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwandisa kakhulu inani amathuba kwaye kudala ungamandla centrifugal.

Ngoqobo test sverhtsentrifuge yhuu kungena igubu, ezinambuzelayo ityhubhu kwaye libetha reflectors ezikhethekileyo walahla ebambekayo sixhobo. Kwakhona unalo camera, eyenzelwe ukuba ukwahlukanisa ukukhanya output kunye ulwelo enzima.

Le eziluncedo sverhtsentrifug ziquka:

• yobunzima ingundoqo;
• aphezulu izinto ngamandla okuhlamba ukungcola;
• ubukhulu compact;
• kungenzeka ukuba ihlukane izinto kwinqanaba eziphilayo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoko sizicingele oko centrifugation. Indlela ngoku ifumana isicelo salo yokwaba izisombululo imvula, ezihlambulule ulwelo, ukwahlulwa amacandelo kwezinto eziphilayo osebenzayo okanye imichiza. Ngokuba ukwahlula kwezinto kule ultracentrifugation kwinqanaba molecule isicelo. indlela centrifugation lisetyenziswa kwemichiza, petroleum, inyukliya, icandelo lokutya, ngokunjalo amayeza.