Izihlunu Oculomotor: iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi. Izihlunu ababandakanyekayo ngasemagumbini eye

izihlunu Oculomotor kunceda ukwenza iintshukumo nelungelelanisiweyo le amehlo, kwaye ngaxeshanye, zinika umbono ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukuze sibe umfanekiso-ntathu zehlabathi, kufuneka usoloko ukuqhuba uqeqesho yethishyu kwezihlunu. Yintoni esebenzisa ukwenza, xelela ingcali emva kokuba uvavanyo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo self-unyango.

ulwazi jikelele

izihlunu ngeso iintlobo ezintandathu, abane kubo ngqo kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ezimbini. Bathi ngenxa kangaka uhlobo khosi em- (orbit), apho afumaneka khona, kwakunye ngenxa uncamathiselo kwi iziko umbono. intsebenziswano yabo ilawulwa kwalapho ukuba ibekwe kwibhokisi craniocerebral, ezifana:

1. Oculomotor.
2. Migodi.
3. Block.

izihlunu Eye ezininzi luvo, ezo ekwaziyo ekunikeni inkcazo, ngokuchanekileyo xa uhambisa amehlo akho.

motion

Amehlo data ngokusebenzisa kwimicu amaninzi ukuze enze intshukumo njengoko oluthambileyo okanye zodidi. Kuba nokujikeleziswa oluthambileyo phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, kunye nabanye, ukuba zodidi - ekunciphiseni amehlo ngenqaku elinye. Ezi iintshukumo kunceda ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namalaphu ke umfanekiso umntu omnye, ngenxa lakhe phezu isabelo elinye retina.

Izihlunu uyakwazi ukunika intshukumo amehlo omabini ngexesha elinye ephumeza umsebenzi esisiseko:

1. I intshukumo kwicala elinye. Ibizwa verzionnym.
2. Intshukumo kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ibizwa vergence (ukuhlangabezana, divergence).

Ziziphi iimpawu zezakhiwo?

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, izihlunu oculomotor zezi:

1. Tye. Yiba indlela phambili.
2. Obliques babe uhlobo stroke engalinganiyo kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule umzimba laphu eliphezulu nengasezantsi.

Zonke ezi izihlunu iliso ukuqala ashinyeneyo umsesane osuka esijikeleze engaphandle channel lokuvula seplastiki. Kulo meko, ngaphandle ke kokuba elibhalwe ngokumileyo asezantsi. Zonke ezintlanu Imicu kwezihlunu ngexesha ekusekeni ifanele, nto leyo eye luvo ngaphakathi, kuquka iliso eziphambili, kunye neempahla.

Ukuba nzulu, oko kuya kubonakala njani elibhalwe ngokumileyo baphambukile phezulu kwaye ngaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela unit. Kwakhona kule ndawo kukho inguqulelo ye imicu imicu, iphoswe ngokusebenzisa ndzhendzheleko ekhethekileyo, kwaye kule meko kukho utshintsho kwicala lwayo ROOTN. Ngoko kukho uncamathiselo yayo ikota yesangqa eliphezulu engaphandle umzimba ngezantsi ngelaphu uhlobo eliphezulu ngqo.

Iimpawu kwemisipha oluphantsi elibhalwe ngokumileyo nangaphakathi

Yona ke imisipha obuphantsi elibhalwe ngokumileyo, oko evela anolwazi apho ibekwe ngezantsi usikrobana iliso kwaye kudlulela komda ongaphandle izihlunu asezantsi yangasemva uhlobo ngqo. izihlunu Oculomotor kufutshane-apile, eyirhawula ngakumbi ngokuthi capsule Imisonto ashinyeneyo, okt ithunzi iqokobhe, kwaye ke kukho uqhagamshelwano kwabo sclera, kodwa hayi kwi kumgama elifanayo ukusuka limbus.

Ukusebenza uninzi imicu lilawulwa yaba oculomotor. Kule meko, ngaphandle rectus engaphandle ingqalelo, lokuqinisekisa ubandakanye abducens, kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ophezulu, nto leyo inikwa inkqubela-luvo evela kwibloko luvo. izihlunu eye Internal ibekwe kufutshane limbus, kwaye vseredine phezulu ngqo kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo eziqhotyoshelwe iziko umbono.

Eyona iphambili innervation - motor luvo sebe ihlola impilo imali encinane zihlunu, ngoko kukho ukuchaneka eliphezulu xa uhambisa i iliso yabantu.

iimpawu noshowo kwizihlunu ephezulu nesezantsi straight and elibhalwe ngokumileyo

Malunga nokuba izihlunu oculomotor iqhotyoshelweyo, kuya kuxhomekeka intshukumo iapile. Imicu yangaphakathi langaphandle ngqo zicwangciswe tye kuthelekiswa moya lomzimba, ukuze umntu akwazi ukuhamba nabo tye. Kwakhona, le izihlunu ezimbini azibandakanye ekunikezeleni sihamba nkqo.

Ngoku cinga isakhiwo izihlunu iliso uhlobo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Bona bayakwazi ekunciphiseni umnyele izenzo ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Oku kungenziwa ezinxulumene kwezinye iinkalo indawo uncamathiselo kwi sclera. umsipha Oblique, apho phezulu, inceda umzimba uvikivwa zijikeleziswe ngaphandle, kwaye uphantsi - ukunyuka kwaye angasuswa ngaphandle.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela omnye umba ochaphazela izihlunu ephezulu nesezantsi straight and elibhalwe ngokumileyo - abanalo ulawulo olugqwesileyo neemvakalelo-luvo, kukho umsebenzi kakuhle nelungelelanisiweyo ze inyama dystrophy lweliso lakho, yaye lo mntu unako ukwenza iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ukuze abantu babone umfanekiso-ntathu, umgangatho umfanekiso nangakumbi, nto leyo ke ithunyelwe ebuchotsheni.

imisipha abangabancedani

Ukongeza kwezi imicu emsebenzini kunye nokushukumisa yeso baxakeke kunye nezinye kwizihlunu angqonge eli noqhoqhoqho iliso. Kulo mzekelo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ithathwa umsipha setyhula. Kuye isakhiwo eyodwa, nto imelwe kwiindawo ezininzi - Orbital, kunye kwiinkulungwane lacrimal.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuncitshiswa:

• inxalenye lwamehlo kwenzeka ngenxa nokolula le Imihlubulo ezinqamlezayo leyo zicwangciswe kwindawo ngaphambili, kwaye kwakhona ngokusebenzisa ngokuhlisa iyaphela iso ukunciphisa umsantsa;
• inxalenye wempangelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa nokubotshwa noqhoqhoqho amehlo;
• inxalenye iinyembezi ngeendleko ukunyusa sac lacrimal.

Zonke ezi amacandelo amathathu, apho izihlunu setyhula, ibekwe ehlabathini lonke. Ukuqala ukusetyenziswa babo ekujikeni medial ngokusekelwe ithambo. Innervation kwenzeka ngenxa angawamasebe encinane luvo yobuso. Kufuneka iqondwe ukuba kwenzeka nayiphi ukuncipha ombane okanye naluphi na uhlobo izihlunu iliso usebenzisa luvo.

Okunye abangabancedani ijwabu kwezihlunu

Kukho kwakhona imicu yesibini oluphezulu amalaphu ecalanye, multiunitarnye ukuba udidi kakuhle. Multiunitarnye - lelona izihlunu ciliary kunye esikule iris. ifayibha owodwa ekufuphi ilens, kunye nesakhiwo linako ukubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala. Ukuba ngqongqo imisipha, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunikezelwe umfanekiso retina, yaye ukuba kukho ukwehla kwayo, oko kukhokelela Buze ebalulekileyo lens, yaye izinto ngakumbi, ungabona ngcono kakhulu.

features ezisebenzayo

Umsebenzi kunye nokwakheka kwe izihlunu iliso zihlobene. Ekubeni isakhiwo sele anikwe ingqwalaselo efanelekileyo, ngoku ngakumbi hlaziya umsebenzi olu hlobo esiqwini izihlunu, ngaphandle apho umntu wayeza kuba nako ukuqonda olujongwayo lubonwe.

Eyona iphambili esebenzayo - ukukwazi ukunika ngokupheleleyo-eshukumayo iliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo :

• Ukuzisa umyalelo omnye, oko kukuthi, kukho intshukumo, umzekelo, ukuya impumlo. Olu phawu inikwa ngaphakathi eliphezulu phambili ngakumbi enasilela inyama rectus kwezihlunu.
• Ukuthwala, okt kukho intshukumo kwindawo zexeshana. Olu phawu inikwa yi umgca engaphandle, phambili ancedisana kwezihlunu elibhalwe ngokumileyo eliphezulu nengasezantsi.
• I intshukumo phezulu kungenxa nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngqo uhlobo kwezihlunu elibhalwe ngokumileyo eliphezulu nengasezantsi.
• intshukumo ezantsi kungenxa ukusebenza oluchanekileyo rectus oluphantsi kunye nokuqaqamba elibhalwe ngokumileyo kunathi.

Zonke iintshukumo zintsonkothile kunye nabanye ngokuvumelana.

uqeqesho ukuzilolonga

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, nokuhluthwa intshukumo eye Inokwenzeka, ngoko xa imiqondiso yokuqala zokutenxa kukuba ukudibana oyingcaphephe othe, emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo ngenyameko angakunika unyango olusebenzayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi kunye izihlunu zomzimba ngezifo nya intsumpa. Ukuthintela naziphi na iingxaki kunye nongenelelo, lo msebenzi rhoqo izihlunu iliso kufuneka kwenziwe.

izibonelo

• Isifundo 1 - izihlunu ebonakalayo. Ukuba bakhululeke, kuphela izihlunu kwezihlunu, kodwa amehlo, kufuneka idanyaze ngokukhawuleza ukuze ngesiqingatha somzuzu. Emva koko uphumle uphinde umthambo kwakhona. Kuyanceda emva komsebenzi kunye kokuhlala ixesha elide kwi-computer.
• Isifundo 2 - ukuba izihlunu zangaphakathi. Phambi kwamehlo kumgama 0.3 m kufuneka abekwe ngomnwe ze bawajonge ngenyameko lo maqhekeza imizuzwana embalwa. Emva koko bakubetha ngoyaba, kodwa uqhubeka ukujonga kuye. Emva koko jonga kwi incam yomnwe wakho imizuzwana 3-5.
• Isifundo 3 - ukomeleza okwakha. Umzimba kunye intloko kufuneka ilungiswe. Eyes kufuneka uye ekunene nasekhohlo. Kukhokelela bucala kufuneka esiphezulu. Ziqhelise lo msebenzi kufuneka zibe ubuncinane izihlandlo 9-11.