Izicwangciso lawulo - yinkqubo yokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezifikayo ukuba imizimba eziphezulu units zezakhiwo

Planning zingathathwa njengendlela ekhethekileyo umsebenzi ekuhlaleni okanye imisebenzi yolawulo ethile. Kusebenza sisixhobo esiphumelelayo ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zikarhulumente. Eyona nto iphambili yalo msebenzi kwinqanaba likazwelonke izibonelelo zentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. ucwangciso lawulo - enye iintlobo wokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezisetyenziswa maxesha Soviet. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Overview

Uqoqosho bobusoshiyali lineqela iimpawu ezithile. Inika uhlobo olulodwa yolawulo ye ndingento kwezoqoqosho. Ucwangciso central usebenza kuyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba elalisakuba yiSoviet kwakwenziwe ngaphambili, njengangoku le fomu lolawulo isoloko isetyenziswa kunye neendlela emarikeni. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ukuyilwa kweemeko ezintsha ekusebenzeni sakhiwo kwezoqoqosho kuyimfuneko ukuthekelela amathuba ophuhliso.

imigomo

Ukucwangcisa yinkqubo izigqibo ezisekelwe phezu gabalala lwe data yoqobo. Kubandakanya ukuqonda kunye neenjongo ukugwetyelwa lwezenzululwazi, iindlela zokuzuza kubo ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo oluthelekisayo ezahlukeneyo ongazikhetha kunye kukhethwa lowo ngokupheleleyo ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso kulindeleke. ucwangciso State sibophelela yonke imiba yemveliso, ligcina intsalela phakathi iindleko kunye zendalo-eziphathekayo nokuphuma kwemali. Ikhuthaza usetyenziso ngendlela eyiyo kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo zokuqonda imisebenzi. Kakuhle eli umsebenzi ayiphelelanga ekuphuhliseni iingqiqo ezininzi iziphumo abenzi bobubi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekuyilweni iinjongo zophuhliso kulindeleke kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo impumelelo yabo yokwenene. Kuxhomekeka iintlobo isicwangciso-qhinga, kubonisa kunye nemiyalelo ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo. Xa iimeko mihla zithathwa ukuba yesibini luqhelekileyo kuqala.

inkqubo Policy-ucwangciso

Oku kuquka uphuhliso lweenkqubo ukuba babe amandla omthetho yomthetho, kwakunye njengendlela kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe umiliselo lwazo. Ngezikim umyalelo. Ngelo efanayo ixesha elimiselwe ngamagosa ajongene yonke le nkqubo. Abantu abaninzi abadala bazi kakuhle ukuba isicwangciso enjalo karhulumente. ESoviet Union kunye naseMpuma amazwe aseYurophu baye basebenzisa inkqubo phantsi ingqalelo ekulawulweni ezintsonkothileyo yesizwe yezoqoqosho. Ngoncedo lweenkqubo zikarhulumente eyenzelwe nefuthe ngqo zonke iinkalo zalo link. Gosplan awayeyinxiba ekujoliswe kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezizodwa. Ngelo xesha, xa kusenziwa rhoqo kwanele kwaye wahlala phezu iphepha kunokuba sagxekwa ngokwayo.

Okukodwa

izicwangciso lawulo - luhlobo kolawulo, nto leyo ithetha ukubambelela ngokungqongqo ingqeqesho, uxanduva lwamashishini, amagosa kunye namaqumrhu kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokusilela zemisebenzi. Oko kukhatshwa ulawulo olungqongqo lwe output kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo. Umthengisi nganye lubotshelelwe nomthengi kunye nomthengi, ke, uyazi lowo uya kufumana amacandelo, iimveliso semi-igqityiwe nezinto ekrwada. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Economy isigqibo kangakanani, njani, ukuvelisa nini, zithini iindleko nakulowo ukuba athengise. Initiative of arhente kwezoqoqosho ngaxeshanye asikabi ngokupheleleyo.

ukuqaliswa

ucwangciso lawulo - yinto uhlobo lorhulumente enjalo apho isabelo idilesi iseti yaye abelwe izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela umiliselo lwazo. Xa yedwa kobunini karhulumente, ucwangciso engundoqo lugubungela onke amacandelo oluntu. Le migangatho eziphambili zezi:

1. Unyinyo kwinkcitho yentengo ezinkulu.
2. mali mali.
3. imiyalelo Government.
4. Imali kwemithombo eziphathekayo kunye nobugcisa.

Kwinkqubo yezicwangciso zophuhliso beqonga musani ukudlala indima enkulu. developers Software enze yokuthengwa cingela uxanduva izikhombisi logistics impumelelo. Le software zisoloko equlunqiweyo ayixhaswa yi izibonelelo eziyimfuneko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isicwangciso uba umthwalo.

isakhiwo

Ekubeni zonke iintlobo ezohlukileyo loMphathiswa Economy impahla usoloko esebenzisa amacandelo schemes yolawulo lwangaphambili kwicandelo likarhulumente kunye nezezimali mali. Ezi zinto, ingakumbi, zifakiwe kule nkqubo:

1. iimveliso zonikezelo iimfuno karhulumente federal.
2. Kuphuhliso lwecandelo loluntu.
3. Yamkela senkxaso-mali evela mali federal.

ucwangciso lawulo - le yindlela ukulawula, ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yorhwebo kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Ukuqulunqa iinkqubo azenze ukuba macro phantse zonke izalathisi ezicacileyo. Kulo mzekelo, kwishishini akanayo okuzimela. Xa sisenza izigqibo ngaphandle amanqaku yovavanyo ezicacileyo. uKadalie wathabatha amaxabiso isicwangciso - umthamo mboleko - ngemali exchange yorhwebo - ahlazululwe kunye udibaniso, ubonelelo kunye nemfuno - eseleyo. izicwangciso lawulo - le yinkqubo yolawulo kuphela. Yayo akukho iindleko ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo.

esebenza njengomphathi

Le nguqulelo isicwangciso esisezantsi kwindlela yakha kuthetha, kuqala kwiinto zonke, nokuphelisa kongquzulwano umdla phakathi kwamagcisa kunye bezixhobo zecomputer Ezikhululekilyo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo eziqhelekileyo schemes akufuneki MAKKWAZISWE ngokohlobo emisebenzi. uphuhliso lwabo kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlawulise belifa ngqo. Okwangoku, abaliqela amava embi kwiminyaka edlulileyo akufuneki angqamane nokusetyenziswa myalelo yocwangciso imveliso ekusombululeni iingxaki yesizwe. Kufuneka iqondwe ukuba eli cebo, esebenza njengendlela eyenye emarikeni self-hlengahlengiso, kungekhona uchasaniso yayo. Kuyinto sisixhobo kubalulekile ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela ngurhulumente xa iyonke, kodwa kwakhona indawo yoshishino ngokukodwa.

inani

ucwangciso lawulo isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukusombulula iingxaki zehlabathi. Olu hlobo kulawulo kwisakhiwo yesizwe yezoqoqosho iphumelela kakhulu mveliso eli lizwe, ukuyilwa amandla wezokhuselo, iinguqu noshowo kwamashishini mveliso njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izicwangciso esembindini ubunzima, iimeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, kwintlekele yendalo, imfazwe, ukudakumba, ntlekele. Ubungakanani kunye nexesha lo myalelo nkqubo kulo mzekelo kufuneka kuphela.

An esinye isisombululo

Okwangoku, obanzi kakhulu ehlabathini wafumana isicwangciso abonakalisa. Sisebenza njengendlela kuqatshelwe-nkqubo yezentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente, indlela engundoqo yempembelelo ekusebenzeni wolawulo emarikeni. ucwangciso kombisa negalelo ngempumelelo ukusombulula ezininzi iingxaki kwezi meko. Oku kusetyenziswa xa iindlela zorhwebo kuphela ngaphandle ungenelelo karhulumente ayanele kakhulu.

Iimpawu kohlelo

Reference (Indlela) yocwangciso inkqubo ukuyilwa iseti izikhombisi, nto leyo luphawulwa uphuhliso kunye necandelo lwesizwe Ioqoqosho lulonke. Ezi parameters kunxibelelana nkqubo karhulumente kwaye sicebisa ezinye iindlela zempembelelo karhulumente ngenkqubo. Nezalathisi zophuhliso zizalathisi ebonisa ukusebenza, isakhiwo kunye neentshukumo kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho, urhulumente kunye nohlobo unyango ezezimali, izibambiso zeemarike kunye zorhwebo, umgangatho wobomi wabemi, inqanaba ngentsebenziswano namaqabane urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabanye. Iseti Ngaphakathi elungeleleneyo ezi parameters inika uvavanyo ubungakanani isimo umsebenzi kwinkalo yentlalo-qoqosho, kuba ngokuphumeza amanyathelo apho utsaleleka umthetho karhulumente.

inkqubo Contents

Eli yocwangciso olubonakalisiweyo na isizathu iinjongo, iinjongo, iindlela kunye nemiyalelo-nkqubo karhulumente. Kusebenza indlela esebenzayo yentsebenziswano onke amaziko federal bazilawule zozibini omnye nomnye kunye ne-ofisi zemimandla ukulungiselela uphuhliso kwicandelo lezoqoqosho kunye namacandelo ayo ngabanye. Indima yocwangciso kubonisa ebonisa ngqo kwiindawo apho uRhulumente aye angenelele kwiimeko ezichazwe ngokungqongqo. Amandla akenzi ngqo kwi nkampani, kodwa iinkampani ezinkulu banomdla ngentsebenziswano kunye norhulumente njengoko imfuneko yenkxaso ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, nokukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kwiimarike zehlabathi njalo njalo. Izicwangciso kombisa musa kuhlutha kuqala ishishini. Ngelo xesha linye kukuvumela ukuba uchonge i iinkampani zolawulo ikhosi enye, ukwazisa amashishini malunga nobungozi imfuno, imeko amashishini ezinxulumeneyo, imeko zabasebenzi, njalo njalo. akunakwenzeka ukuba kuvunwe utyalo ngaphandle izicwangciso. iinkqubo ngophuhliso ube nefuthe kwinkcitho karhulumente. Ukucwangcisa ikuvumela ukuba ngokulungelelanisiweyo ukudibanisa amagama zentlalo-qoqosho, ebesiyiqikelele karhulumente kwisigaba uqoqosho, ulawulo ezintsonkothileyo, umthamo mali eyinkunzi federal, nokusiwa iimfuno karhulumente, ulawulo namashishini karhulumente.

ukusebenza

ucwangciso kombisa isekelwe phezu eziphambili, ezo akhiwa phantsi iindlela yenkuthazo. Kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho emarikeni, oko lisebenza libe injongo kunye nokuqhubekeka yendalo kunye nophuhliso inkqubo eliqikelelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inxalenye yokugqibela a lot of amacandelo. Ukongeza, enyanisweni, uninzi lentelekelelo kwinkqubo zohlalutyo iquka inkqubo karhulumente, ulawulo ezintsonkothileyo, izinto iintswelo karhulumente, umthamo mali eyinkunzi federal njalo njalo. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo zohlalutyo ngaphaya umda kwiimeko kusengaphambili oluqhelekileyo. Bongeka izicwangciso zohlobo kwaba yamazwe ngamazwe. Ingakumbi imveliso waba scheme eJapan France. Ukuthembela kwicandelo likarhulumente, ukumnika yokunyusa isantya kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe.

amathuba Long-term

Directive nocwangciso olubonakalisiweyo mababe isetyenziswe kwixesha elifutshane ixesha. Injongo qhinga zexesha elide nkqubo. Olu hlobo ucwangciso kubandakanya ukubeka usukelo ezithile, ukubunjwa kunye nokwabiwa kwemali eziyimfuneko zokufikelela kuzo. Kulo mzekelo, njengoko umsebenzi wokuqala yenza ucwangciso ratio echanekileyo phakathi iziqalelo. Iinjongo zesicwangciso-qhinga zinxulumene ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu. Ukwenziwa iimfuno impembelelo abe zombini iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuba yezibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo, leyo Zinjalo naliphi na ilizwe, ukhetho lweenjongo ezingundoqo sikhatshwa phambili.

Ezicacileyo iinkqubo zobuchule

Xa kufuneka labiwe iimpawu lubalulekileyo kolu hlobo yokucwangcisa:

1. Formation of the iinjongo zokuba ngokubaluleka isigqibo ukuba ezintsonkothileyo kazwelonke wezoqoqosho.
2. LweZibonelelo ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi.
3. Accounting ukuze ifuthe iimeko zangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Injongo yenkqubo yesicwangciso ukuyilwa umthamo owaneleyo kuphuhliso ezayo ngempumelelo ezintsonkothileyo kwezoqoqosho. Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo lwenziwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elide ekwanti (kubalwa kangangeminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu), eliphakathi (iminyaka emi-5) kunye cebo yangoku (ngonyaka). Ukuziqhelisa, sebenzisa zonke ezi ntlobo yezicwangciso. Liqinisekisa ekuqhubekekeni iinkqubo kunye ekuzuzweni kweenjongo ze umgama ezahlukeneyo ixesha.

Iimpawu zokuhlela

Xa inkqubo yenguqu ukuba neentlobano kwimarike inkqubo yocwangciso ivavanywa utshintsho ezahlukeneyo. It is a uhlobo lwenkqubo, ekunikeni izisombululo nemiba engundoqo ezibandakanya imisebenzi enxulumene kwezendalo, ezentlalo, lwenzululwazi, olwenkcubekho, mveliso, yengingqi kunye neminye imiba. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe indlela ehlanganisiweyo isabelo ekujoliswe lwezibonelelo. Iinkqubo anokwenziwa nakweliphi na inqanaba weqela legunya. Ngelo efanayo ixesha liphuhlise iprojekthi kusoloko kubonakala njengoko idilesi uxwebhu abonakalisa okanye izilungiso.

ngezigaba

Kuxhomekeka kwicala amanyathelo, umxholo kunye nenjongosenzi kweprogram kuba lwenzululwazi, zobugcisa, ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, zendawo, zombutho, ezoqoqosho, ukuthembeka, olungxamisekileyo njalo njalo. Ezi projekthi zengingqi kunye nakuzwelonke zintsonkothile. Bona kuchaphazela imiba zoshishino jikelele kwaye zibonisa ukhetho ekhethwayo kwisigaba yezentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente xa lulonke okanye ummandla yayo ethile. iinkqubo Emergency zidla sibhalwe kwixesha elifutshane. Bona ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente kwiimeko ezinzima: ngqesho abaninzi, ntlekele, ukusongela kwamaxabiso, etc. izixhobo zabo ukuphunyezwa impembelelo yolawulo ngendlela esebenzayo ..