Alexander Sumarokov: A Biography "nguyise theatre Russian"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, ogama Ibhayografi ezingenakwahlulwa kunye nophuhliso lwenkcubeko yesizwe ngenkulungwane XVIII, uthathwa ukuba i "nguyise theatre Russian." Yena waba umbhali kunye librettist. Igalelo lakhe kule ncwadi Russian, ukunyusa ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe zemibongo kwi nomphakamo elitsha ngelo xesha. igama lakhe liye lehla kwimbali Russia.

Indlalifa ulutsha ukuba igama yamandulo amanene

November 25, 1717 eMoscow kwi intsapho Ensign Peter Sumarokova nyana, ngubani ogama Alexander. Njengokuba abantwana abaninzi neentsapho zindala amanene, oko kukuthi, omnye wabo yaba sodidi Sumarokov, uqeqesho lwabo lokuqala zezemfundo inkwenkwe ekhaya phantsi isikhokelo kootitshala kunye tutors abaqeshwe ngabazali bakhe.

Kuloo minyaka, amatshawe aphathwe sisicaka? Abaselula abaninzi ukuba zincede zikhethe umsebenzi yasemkhosini. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Alexander Sumarokov. Biography ubomi bakhe ozimeleyo luqala ukususela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu wangena kwiLizwe Gentry lweSizwe, wavula eSt Petersburg ngokwemiyalelo uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny. Phakathi kweendonga zayo ayigqiba iminyaka esibhozo, yaye apha okokuqala waqalisa ukufunda iincwadi.

Ngodaba Corps kunye umsebenzi oluzayo

Ixesha yokufunda kwi yeCadet Corps umbhali aspiring ubhala imibongo kunye amazwi womculo, angumfuziselo imisebenzi ababhali French kunye compatriot yakhe Vladimir Trediakovsky. amalinge zakhe zokuqala zemibongo ezi ebhaliwe zesihobe Iindumiso. Ukongeza, ukuba uwugcinayo umthetho akanye zabo - ubhala egameni ode yokuvuyisana walawula ngaloo minyaka uKumkanikazi Anne Ioannovne, nto leyo kakhulu fashion.

Ngowe-1740, phakathi elunawo ulutsha amabutho kwamagosa Alexander Sumarokov. Biography ithi ukuba ubomi bakhe kuloo minyaka zilunge kakhulu kunangaphambili. Xa wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anantathu, Wacela kwi-ofisi Count Munnich, kungekudala uba unobhala lokuqala zabucala Bala Golovin, ngoko ke onamandla Alekseya Razumovskogo. Kodwa nangona ivula umsebenzi, ezahlulela uncwadi. umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo ngaloo minyaka - uMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, ode odumileyo eyabangumzekelo for Sumarokova ngokuvumelana kunye njengebhakana ekufuneni iindlela zobuchule.

Udumo lokuqala kakuhle nelilifaneleyo

Noko ke, enganeliswa kunye ukulingiswa kuphela awayidalayo ngomnye umntu akukho igcisa oyinyaniso, oko kusoloko isimbo ischot yakhe. Le nto Sumarokov. Biography ubomi bakhe yokudala ngokwenene iqala xa, kwi zokuzilungisa yabantu basebukhosini izifundiswa St. Petersburg kuvela iindidi kwizintlu iingoma zakhe uthando. Olu uhlobo wakhethwa ngumbhali ayikho ngengozi. Yaba nguye lowo wavumela urhulumente oluvulekileyo engqondweni Alexander - igosa oselula brilliant, ezele ngamava zothando eziziimpawu yobudala bakhe.

Kodwa ke udumo lokwenene umzisele lwenzeka kwi inkundla 1747 ukuba ibe lwesihobe Drama "Horev". Ngelo xesha nye yapapashwa kwaye baba ifumaneke kuluntu ngokubanzi, apho kwaziswa kuzwelonke igama lakhe. Emva koko, kwakhona kwinkundla, wenza eliqela, umbhali kwawo Sumarokov. Biography yomsebenzi lakhe livela kweli xesha ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha - iba umbhali yobungcali.

Rich lokudala Sumarokova ubomi

Ngo-1752 kwakukho isiganeko ebalulekileyo. UKumkanikazi Elizaveta Petrovna isalelo savela Yaroslavl ebalaseleyo nani wokubonelwa kuloo minyaka F. G. Volkova waza wacela ukuba aququzelele theatre esisigxina yokuqala eRashiya, ogama umlawuli wamiswa Sumarokov.

biography emfutshane ngaye kuphela ngokwemigaqo jikelele unganikeza ingcamango igalelo elikhulu ukuba wenze le ndoda ukuyilwa kweqonga Russian lobomi, kodwa kwimemori izizukulwana zexa elizayo, iye yasinda njenge "uyise theatre Russian", yaye oku kuya uyavuma, liciko ngaphezu amagama.

ilifa yakhe yokudala ebanzi ngokungaqhelekanga. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula iintlekele ezisibhozo kwabavela usiba lwayo, zikwenza kubonakale ngathi imashumi mabini anamithathu kunye opera libretti. Ukongeza, Sumarokov washiya uphawu ebalulekileyo nezinye iinkalo boncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe kubhaliwe kumaphepha iijenali emfundo "imibhalo zenyanga", yaye ngo-1759 waza waqalisa ukupapasha iphephancwadi zalo "bee Nzima-ukusebenza." Kwiminyaka elandelayo zokushicilelwa ngaphandle ingqokelela ezininzi yemibongo zakhe iintsomi.

Isiphelo sobomi imbongi kunye memory inzala

Theatre Guide Sumarokov kwenziwa phambi 1761. Emva koko, yena waphila ixesha elithile komkhulu, waza emva koko ngo-1769 bafudukela eMoscow. Apha ke ungquzulwano esinzulu kunye umthetheli P. Saltykov, icala yona efumana uKumkanikazi. Oku kubangela imbongi udandatheko kwaye ibandakanya iingxaki ezinkulu zemali. Kodwa nangona maxangu, ngeminyaka, yena, ngokutsho kwabaphengululi, abhale imisebenzi yakhe emihle, ezifana "nguDmitry i Pretender", "Vzdorschitsa" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Wafa ngo-Oktobha 12, 1777 yaye wangcwatywa Donskoy kumangcwaba eMoscow.

Inzala kakhulu ngokupheleleyo ukufaneleka lo mntu iLizwe loobawo. Xa lesikhumbuzo odumileyo "Millennium of Russia" phakathi amanani abadumileyo kwimbali karhulumente kwaye imelwe Alexander Sumarokov (ifoto ofundayo into ungabona kwiphepha). Kwiincwadi zakhe zakhula izizukulwana neembongi abo uzuko iqhayiya nenkcubeko yethu, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe kumabala emidlalo kuba incwadi bemidlalo elizayo.