Lefortovo Ibhotwe: ulwakhiwo, lokwakha, imbali

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1675 kwakukho umfana ebukekayo futhi smart ngokungaqhelekanga eMoscow. Weza evela Switzerland zikhangela adventure kunye nobutyebi kungekudala. Ukuze lihlawulwe - kwaye ngoko, ivumba ukuba mihle. zokuhlala German apho wayehlala, ngaloo minyaka a ukutyelela enyakazelayo kunye kubahloli, kodwa yena, Franz Lefort, bayahlelwa lenze itikiti yokuwina, ukwenza ngumhlobo osenyongweni Petra Velikogo.

darling Young wethamsanqa

Ngeniswa Quarter German, uFranz kwakungekho ziyakhawuleza mthwalo ngokwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi ethile, nokuba yindlela yokuziphilisa, watshata overripe ezimbalwa, kodwa izinto zokufunda ezinikiweyo yintombi Colonel Sug, zikhangela ulonwabo lalo eRashiya bevela eFransi. Young, ezintle, nangaphandle, ukufumana ikhazi enkulu, Lefort wayonwabile ebomini ikhululekile, ngathi isidlo uphelayo. Kwakunjalo nanjengesivuthevuthe konwaba, yaye awayemiselwe lokudibana umfana xa uMlawuli Peter I.

I-Swiss amadodana iitalente ezininzi, kodwa abadumileyo abaninzi phakathi kwabo kwakukho ubuchule lokubhenela umntu ekunene. msinyane kakhulu nguzwilakhe Russian, hayi nje wamsa kuye, kodwa wenza enye trustees yayo. Ukususela ngoko umsebenzi Lefort kabukhali wenyuka endulini, kunye nezixhasayo Fortuna waphakamisa nethamsanqa ukuba kuhle-ntle kuphumelela.

isipho elipheleleyo azithandayo

Ngesisa kokuthandayo bakhe, uPetros wenza qabane esitsha isipho royal ngokwenene - isakhiwo kuye e Moscow, ngomhla elunxwemeni Yauza nandawo eqaqambileyo, engqongwe ipaki, wabiza Lefortovo Palace. Lomhleli nguDmitry Aksamitov, ngubani wathabatha odolo uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo, wayigqiba indalo yakhe 1698. Kwaba ezintsha kakhulu ixesha layo.

Ngaphambili wakha amabhotwe eMoscow mzamo phambi yokuhlala weenkosana lucky. isigodlo sakhe Yakhiwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-style eclectic, edibanisa izinto izakhiwo ezindala yeentolongo kunye iintsingiselo esakhulayo ngaloo minyaka, ebizwa ngokuba "iRoma uPetros". Sazise ingqalelo ukuba umbhali we projekthi njengelinye labazobi zokuqala Russian abaye benza ukuzama ukwaphula kwesakhelo imxinwa nakubugcisa pre-Petrine.

Ubuhle igumbi yokunyuselwa

Kuyo, yonke into ezintsha ezingaqhelekanga xa kuthelekiswa izimiso ezisekiweyo eMoscow. Ukwenza i Lefortovo Palace, isiza kwamabandla elizayo inokuthatha inani elikhulu izimemo, ukumkani wayalela ukuba eyicwangcisa kwiholo foster, hayi ngaphantsi ubungakanani imodeli yaseYurophu. D. Aksamitov ngqo kuzaliseke le mfuneko, ukukhukhumala ke wamisa ibhotwe waba iholo ze-ephakame ezilishumi indawo ingxilimbela yayingamakhulu amathathu yezikwere.

neendawo ukukhanya okuxabise- ziboniswa ezahlukeneyo yezibuko, wazigquma esikhulu umzobo Peter I, kwazo ukhangela phantsi ngelaphu zinoboya ebomvu udonga IsiNgesi. iindwendwe Ukubona bengaqondanga elichithwe ngobuninzi imifanekiso kunye amalaphu amahle, svezonnyh apha iivenkile kakhulu eYurophu. Igumbi wawumkhulu kangangokuba akwazi Mhle ubungangamsha elinesihlanu lamakhulu abantu ngelo xesha.

enegumbi elinamagumbi

Ndakubetha Lefortovo ebhotwe kwaye akanaso amanye amagumbi. Ukususela memoirs ababephila bayazi ukuba wondela Ukunikela enegumbi elinamagumbi, kuquka enye, ophilayo ulusu eluhlaza wazaliswa kunye nekhabhathi china, khangela ezinye iimveliso hit iinkosi Chinese ahlekisayo, eyesithathu - impahla exabisekileyo. Kwaye ngoko ebutyebini baba engenakubalwa.

park isigodlo

Phantsi nqaku, yonke loo nto kwaye nepaki ezingqonge Lefortovo Palace. Kuyo, sifunda incwadi umniniyo, oko kuthunyelwa umzalwana wakhe 1698. Lichaza olubanzi, imimandla yelo kulo, apho, phakathi kwemithi yonke eluhlaza siphile ngokungathi endle, izilwanyana zasendle. Lefort ikhankanya ileta nokunqaba baloo maxesha - amachibi ngumntu agcwele iintlanzi.

Isakhiwo Isakhiwo lwaqhutywa ngendlela yokuba ngaphambili engundoqo zaguqulelwa Yauza. Kukholelwa ukuba oku yabonisa imbono njengokuba umlambo kakhulu iinqanawa. Ngokutsho umbhali, imbonakalo jikelele ebhotwe ke yaye obekwe kwi amaziko nemipu mahlanu.

Isiqalekiso, iingcinezelo ebhotwe

Housewarming party, kunye novuyo abathintelwa, kwenzeka ngoFebruwari 1699. Nje ngelo xesha siphuma iimfihlelo Lefortovo komkhulu. Inyaniso yokuba amabali bakhe ezininzi iziganeko phaku yaye emenza amavo zimnyama. Eyokuqala kwezi ukufa ngequbuliso umnikazi wendlu, ndazifumana ngayo kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuba kwimibhiyozo lwabengxolo.

Unobangela ezisemthethweni isigulo sakhe kuthiwa, kwiminyaka emininzi utyiwa Lefort, kodwa akazange afune ukuba avumelane nalo sayithi thsuphe abanye umona, abandinyelise ngawo wayezele yokuhlala eJamani, phakathi leyo ngokulula kakhulu benawo ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba ziingcali iityhefu. Kodwa kamva, xa baqhubeka umtya esichazela lokufa, uluvo ngokubanzi iye sahlanganisana isiqalekiso ethile, bekwayame kakhulu kweli komkhulu. Ngoko okanye hayi - kunzima ukuthi, kodwa kude kwiinkolelo, uPetros wasebenzisa Ibhotwe injongo eyenzelwe yona, amalungiselelo kuyo namatheko loonozakuzaku, iindibano, kunye binges ngaphezulu nje crazy.

Umnini entsha komkhulu

Oku waze 1706, de ndawo kwenzeke Semenovskaya umlilo zange abatshabalalise kwikhaya enye oyithandayo kakumkani - Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Ukuze kukhuza amaxhoba side komlilo, umlawuli wamnika i abaziinkedama Lefortovo ibhotwe ngokuthatha ezinye ngokutsha yayo. Umenywe ngumnini entsha, ngokomakhi Russian imvelaphi Italian Giovanni Maria Fontana, ukongeza kwisakhiwo engundoqo wamisa izakhiwo ukuvulwa esinamavili-ezinemigangatho eziqhagamshelene neendledlana ezigqunyiweyo, ukuwo ezihonjiswe Iiveranda ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukususela ngoko ke ibhotwe Lefortovo waziwa Menshikov, kodwa gravitated phezu kwakhe isiqalekiso akuvumelekanga nokuba kude ekupheleni kwemihla lokonwabela ubungangamsha kwamagumbi ezimangalisayo. Emva kokufa umxhasi kwakhe ngokupheleleyo zavorovavshiysya Aleksandrov baphelelwe ngamandla waza wathunyelwa eSiberia, njengoko bathi, nokudliwa kwepropati.

lixhoba Future nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo

Xa, kwisithuba elifutshane wokulawula Peter II xa eyinkunzi waphinda waya eMoscow, eli bhotwe waba ngomnye zokuhlala kumkani uselula. Yaba kuye nguzwilakhe uza kuyeka ngowama-1727, bafika ekumisweni kwayo. Noko ke, isiqalekiso uze zikhunjuzwa ngokwawo - wafa ngesiquphe udade wabo Natalya Alekseevna. Isono, uPetros II bashiya isigodlo, kodwa wabuyela kunyaka olandelayo.

Yaba kwenani kunene kuye. Ekubeni wayephila "Ibhotwe embi omdala" ngaphantsi konyaka, ukumkani baba useleganelwe Princess Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy, kodwa umshado ukuba ibe. Ngemini emisiweyo, ngoJanuwari 18, 1730, wafa ngesiquphe. Kungekudala emva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela etroneni uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna.

Bes waza ayiphumelelanga icala podgadit. Kwelinye iiholo komkhulu, uye wacebisa ukuba ndimaphule imeko esayiniweyo yokuqala, owawenza Ndilicukuceze ubukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, ezinkulu uKumkanikazi ukuba leminyaka waziphosa eRashiya ibe maelstrom onegazi nguzwilakhe yakhe.

Eziliqela ababengaphambi ngempumelelo ngakumbi kuphela uKumkanikazi Elizabeth Petrovna, kungekho nto imbi kukubona ngokwam sahlala apha ngo-1742 ngethuba bekutyelelo eMoscow. Bayisindisile bayahlelwa ubuhle abanamehlo aluhlaza, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into lyubivshuyu wayenxiba fun kunye negosa Guards eyinzwana. Ukuba amagumbi yakhe ebhotwe ukufika babuyiselwa emva kwakugquba kuzo umlilo eMoscow ngo-1737.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa ibhotwe

Yeyona yipropathi kaNondyebo, i-Lefortovo Palace eMoscow ixesha elide isetyenziswe ikakhulu njengokuba indawo yokuhlala ulwamkelo loonozakuzaku angaphandle kunye oonozakuzaku ibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, ngo-1771, oku kwaku wokuvalelwa isibetho waza wabahlalisa abakhonzi yeqonga kamva. Ixabiso omtsha fumene isigodlo 1804, xa ibekwe ngendlela yokugcina karhulumente yasemkhosini.

Ukuphela Bunobungangamela bhotwe weza ngo 1812. umlilo umlilo obujikeleze ikomkhulu yamandulo, akuyi kusinda, yaye ezi iindonga. Ukususela ngoko, kuloo ndawo apho kanye uPetros sobuciko ezixutyiweyo ngendlela ephelele indlela yamandulo Terem Russian, yaya umwewe zazibomvu. KaNondyebo akukhange kubekho mali ukwenzela ukubuyiselwa kwalo, eli bhotwe yayekwa kwaye kulityalwa yonke iminyaka emininzi.

Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, Amanxuwa awo igcwala kungekudala imithi, ingca, leyo kwabonakala ukuba uzama ukufihla emehlweni abadlulayo-ibuhlungu iimpawu yokungahoywa. Uqhekekile ngokwabo njengoko abemi ezintsha wabonakala kungekudala. Baye baba elichweba amasela zasekuhlaleni kunye abaphangi, ufihle apho amapolisa. It wonyuselwa kunye enkulu, abanembeko kanye, kwaye ngexa ipaki zasendle. Kuloo minyaka, Muscovites bazama ukufumana ngeenxa kule ndawo emnyama.

Komkhulu, ezaba logcino

Ukuvuselelwa ibhotwe kwaqala novalo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa umyalelo uphakamileyo Nicholas kakumkani ngokutsha ize yandiswe somgangatho wesithathu. Kwiiholo ibekwe yokugcina wayo imo ye-Main Abasebenzi Army, ngubani na khona unanamhla.

Kodwa namhlanje, kweli entsokothileyo izakhiwo ezikufutshane ukuya emkhosini amaxwebhu yingqokelela ezininzi zezibonelelo odiyo ezinxulumene ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo imbali. Le ngqokelela iquka ezikhumbuzo ezininzi zobomi yesandi zenkcubeko nezentlalo nezopolitiko. Ukuqokelelwa yale thala mkhulu, ngokuba ngokufutshane RGAFD, ungabona bamamele izicatshulwa ezininzi abathwali isandi, ukususela iisilinda njengomthwebeba ukuya CDs mihla.

Monument of eMoscow endala

Hlola Moscow endala akunakwenzeka ukuba ubone Lefortovo Palace. Bambize .. 2nd Bauman Street, njalo njalo 3. Fumana umfanekiso. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa emgodini suka kwisikhululo Bauman kwaye ifikeleleka ngendlea inombolo ibhasi 78. Kwimeko kakhulu, naziphi Muscovite ndithi ngovuyo apho sibekwe khona ibhotwe Lefortovo.

Namhlanje imbonakalo yakhe yahluke kancinane kuneso wayenaso kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Isizathu sokuba loo - in rearrangements amaninzi, babeqhuba kuphela iinjongo ezithile, yaye ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo ukohluka bokwakha, otyelwe apho iprojekthi yokuqala.

Ngenxa yeenguqu ezenziwa ubeko ngokubanzi ndawo, zavalwa kunye buka-kanye ezintle ukusuka Yauza. Ke ukuze isiqalekiso, gravitated phezu ibhotwe kwimihla yakudala, ngoko logama nje neendonga zaso zomkhosi, akunamsebenzi ukuzibonakalisa - nokuba isebenza ukusuka umkhosi Russian imimoya emibi.