Ukuqhekeka wobukhosi ku Rus

ukuqhekeka feudal eRashiya, oonobangela apho zifihlwe kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso yezopolitiko umphakathi wobukhosi yayikhona kuze ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. Ukwenziwa emafeni amakhulu ukuxhaphaka yangasemva yokufama zokuziphilisa zikarhulumente Old Russian baya- wanceda nempahla utshintsho kumaziko imveliso eyahlukileyo. Noko ke, ubuhlobo babo kwezoqoqosho zaye zimiselwe ababekulo ekufutshane. iimfuno Craft kunye norhwebo ezazikho ngelo xesha, ngokulula nokwanela amaziko ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza abasakhulayo - imizi. Ngelo xesha ke landa inani lemizi kwaye wongeza labantu ngeendleko zemikhosi onemveliso. Phuhlisa kwezo ndawo zokuhlala, nto leyo ngaphambili zange abe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho.

ukuqhekeka feudal eRashiya kwabunjwa phantsi kweemeko weziphithiphithi kunqandwa lwentlalo phakathi bukhulu kunye xa bebhiyozela kuluntu ekuqaleni wobukhosi. Akhiwa ngabanini eli udidi lizwe afuna ukuba ngamalungisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo likhoboka (ngokomthetho kunye noqoqosho) labantu yezolimo. Kodwa ziyenzeka nogonyamelwano olungathwethwisa yeklasi (eziyingozi) kwiinkulungwane 11-13, saba umlinganiswa, ikakhulu wengingqi, kunye ukusombulula iingxabano idla ungenelelo ngokwaneleyo koomasipala, ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka imikhosi karhulumente.

ukuqhekeka feudal eRussia zenzeka kwiimeko kuyimfuneko ukuzimela-patrimonial izinduna kwezentlalo noqoqosho (abanini big) kurhulumente kazwelonke. Kulo mzekelo, i izinduna ibivela imfuneko ukwabelana kunye Grand iNkosana yengeniso yabo. Ukongeza, bayamxhasa abalawuli kwezinye izilawuli kumzabalazo kwabo inkululeko kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.

ukuqhekeka feudal eRussia nto ibalulekile. Kule nkqubo, kwabakho uphuhliso ngakumbi inkcubeko kunye noqoqosho karhulumente xa iyonke. Simele sithethe malunga nokusekwa kwenkqubo irobust ezongeziweyo yobudlelwane abanazo phakathi izinduna.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, sokonakalisa karhulumente yangaphambili eziqhelekileyo yaye zibe neziphumo ezibi. Chief phakathi ezi mbali kubiza buthathaka yelizwe zokhuseleko sisifo yangaphandle, ingakumbi iimeko, ngenene ingenzeka le intsholongwane engenamandla ngokwaneleyo.

ukuqhekeka feudal e Rus 'ngokwangaphandle ukumela ulwahlulo ngqo ilizwe phakathi kwamalungu entsapho njengenkosana kuya kwandisa kakhulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iimpawu ekungafuneki yaqala ukubonakala emva kokufa ngowe-1054 Yaroslava Mudrogo. System angamvaleli oozilawuli kuvele umzabalazo phakathi inzala yakhe, ababephila inkxaso izinduna basekuhlaleni.

Ixesha elifutshane ngexesha lokulawula Vladimira Monomaha, kwathi e Kiev ephakamileyo. Wabuya waba iziko zonke-Russian. Ngeli xesha amazwi obuzimele labalawuli basekuhlaleni abathintela, boyiswa ziintshaba lwangaphandle - i Polovtsy.

Eli lizwe kwakhona wawela ukuhla kunye kokufa Monomakh. Ngelo xesha nye iqala nokuqhekeka feudal in Rus. Oonobangela kunye neziphumo eli thuba abalulekileyo yezembali ukuba lonke elo lizwe.

Emva kokufa unyana ka Monomakh, Mstislava Velikogo, isiza enye karhulumente yavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo malunga neshumi elinesihlanu. Phakathi kwabo, Polotsk, Chernigov, Galician, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, ESmolensk kunye nabanye. Ngelo xesha malunga ngamnye kubo yaqhubeka inkqubo eqhekekileyo le bodwa kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye iinxalenye karhulumente enkulu iba, ke, xa zizilawuli ezincinane semi-ezizimeleyo.