Yaroslavovich Alexander, iNkosana Novgorod: biography

Prince Alexander Nevsky - umphathi Russian, lamiselwa yiCawa Orthodox. Yena wamiselwa ukuba Warriors ngo-1225 kwi-Msindisi yoTshintsho Cathedral Peresyalavle-Zalessky.

Biography Nevsky (ngokufutshane)

Kwazalelwa umphathi omkhulu May 13, 1221, Alexander wayengunyana wesibini ka-Prince Yaroslav i Pereyaslav kunye Toropetzkaya Princess Rostislav Mstislavny. Ngowe-1228 kunye nomzalwana wakhe Theodore wasala gaxa kuwo ndinomkhosi, ukuya eRiga. Abathetheli ebino-Chiune Yakimova kunye Boyar Fyodor Danilovich e Novgorod. NgoFebruwari 1229, kunye nabazalwana abaselula, basaba umzi ngexesha indlala, esoyika zife balapha. Ngo-1230 kwi- Republic of Novgorod ngokuba Yaroslav. Emva kokuchitha kweeveki 2 komzi, wayibeka phezu kwetrone abantwana abaselula. Nangona kunjalo, i Fedor oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala wafa kwiminyaka emi-3. NgoNovemba 1232, uPope Gregory IX lasungula yenkolo kwi weeNtlanga Russian kunye Finnish. Ngowe-1234-m wathabatha indawo Idabi Omovzhe. Idabi yaphela ngoloyiso Russian. Ngowe-1236 Yaroslav waphuma Novgorod ukuya eKiev. Ukusuka apho ke iminyaka 2 kamva waya Vladimir. Ukususela ngelo xesha, waqalisa ubomi ezizimeleyo Alexander.

Imeko sikarhulumente

Ngo-1238 ngexesha Mongol ukuhlaselwa kwi North-Eastern Russia, uYuri Vladimir walinda iishelfu Svyatoslav kunye nabazalwana Yaroslav. Nangona kunjalo, akukho imithombo yolwazi malunga inxaxheba Novgorod kwidabi phezu komlambo. City. Mhlawumbi, ngelo xesha kwiriphabliki uthathe indawo "cala yomkhosi". Mongols emva zokungqinga ngeveki-2 wathabatha Torzhok, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni aye. Buyela ngo-1236-1237 gg. Abamelwane ye Novgorod Republic sinomzamo kunye nabanye. 200 Pskov inxaxheba kweli dabi le IMbasa Ngekrele nxamnye Lithuania. Yaphela Idabi Ukubanzima. Ngenxa yoko, izidumbu Ngekrele zinxibelelene Order leTeutonic. Ngowe-1237, Gregory IX ibhengeze lo Impi lweSibini eFinland, yaye ngowe-1238, ngoJuni, Korol Valdemar II, kunye iNkosi Order of the German Balcom united wavuma zahlule Estonia uye eRussia aseBalti kunye ngoncedo balwa. Ngowe-1239 ekupheleni iimfazwe ESmolensk ebomini yoluntu Russian uye athathe inxaxheba Alexander Yaroslavovich. Prince wakha iinqaba eziliqela ecaleni lomlambo. Shelon kumzantsi-ngasentshonalanga komzi. Kwangaxeshanye, wathabatha intombi yakhe, yangumkakhe Brjachislav Polotsk. Wedding ibanjelwe e St .. George Toropets. Ngo Novgorod ngo-1240 Ndazalwa Alexander ebengowamazibulo. Wanikwa igama Basil.

Bonakalisa nokuhlaselwa ukusuka entshonalanga

NgoJulayi 1240, imikhumbi Swedish noobhishophu eziliqela wangena Neva. Amacebo bahlaseli yaba kuthinjwe Ladoga. NgoJulayi 15 imfazwe, uloyiso apho Alexander waphumelela Yaroslavovich. Isikhulu, ukuva yokufika abahlaseli evela kumadoda amakhulu, hayi becela uncedo Vladimir, ngaphandle ukuqokelela athathwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nomkhosi wakhe wahlasela inkampu Swedish kwi Izhora. Ngo-Agasti, i-Order laqalisa yosizi emazantsi-ntshona. AmaJamani wayithimba Izborsk, Pskov 800 won, baye beza uncedo. Emva koko ke wayingqinga Pskov. amasango emzini izinduna - abaxhasi yiJamani. Ngowe-1240-1241 gg. Ebusika, Alexander Novgorod zapheliswa Pereslavl-Zaleski. Noko ke, emva komzuzwana kwakufuneka amgoduse amse kuyise. AmaJamani wathabatha Koporje kunye nomhlaba Vozha River kufutshane isixeko neekhilomitha 30 kude. Jaroslav wazama ukuba ushiye Alexander ngokwakhe. Wathumela ke baloo dolophu uAndreya. Nangona kunjalo Novgorod waphikelela ukuba wathunyelwa Alexander. Ngowe-1241, yena wahlambuluka kummandla ongaphandle isixeko abahlaseli. Ngo-1242, silindele ukusekelwa, ikhokelwa ngu Andrew, iNkosana Novgorod wathabatha Pskov.

Battle kwi Ice

AmaJamani bahlanganisana eSt George kaThixo. Ndaya apho Alexander Yaroslavovich. Isikhulu, Noko ke, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abhenele Lake Peipsi. Apha ke yenzeka kwidabi kunye Knights. Idabi senzeka 5 April. Omnqamlezo kubethwa enamandla embindini ukuze idabi, nto leyo wakha Alexander Yaroslavovich. Prince impendulo, wathumela amahashe phezu nelisemihlubulweni, waza wagqiba ukuba isiphumo edabini. Ngokutsho Chronicle, neekhilomitha 7 amaJamani Russian ngemoto ngaphesheya ngumkhenkce. Emva koko, lwagqitywa uxolo. Xa ngokoMthetho zayo, i-Order wanikela up nongeniselo lwawo yakutshanje, inxalenye obuphantsi aseLatgale.

iphulo Lithuanian Aleksandra Nevskogo

Ngowe-1245 umkhosi, ikhokelwa ngu Mindaugas, wahlasela kwaye Torzhok Bezhetsk. Esiza kuye umthetheli Novgorod. Ibulala ngaphezulu kwe-8 irhuluneli, wathabatha Toropets. Emva koko, wathumela amadoda Novgorod ekhaya. Yena ngokwakhe wahlala kunye nemikhosi bayiqhuba eyadini kunye woyisa umkhosi Lithuanians e Lake Zhizhitskoye echibini. Emva koko, waya ekhaya. Endleleni, Prince Alexander of Novgorod boyisiwe Yaroslavovich elinye ibutho, ibekwe phantsi Usvyaty. Ngowe-1246 uyise wabizwa kwi Karakorum, apho kunetyhefu. Phantse ngexesha elifanayo kulo mcimbi kwi hlokondiba wambulala Mihail Chernigovsky, abashiya isiko yobuhedeni.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1262 e Vladimir, Suzdal, Pereslavl, Rostov kunye nezinye izixeko baqhuba uvukelo nxamnye anayo. -Abalimi irhafu irhafu - Ngexesha nangezinto zakhe zabulawa. Berke Khan babefuna ukubamba emkhosini ebekwe yokugxotha uhlaselo Russian ngu Hulagu (Ilham Iran). Prince Alexander Nevsky waya anayo ukunqanda irhuluneli kulo. Olu hambo phantse ngonyaka. Loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene Prince Alexander Nevsky uyagula. Kodwa ndikwazile ukumbopha khan. Abagulayo kakade, waza wabuyela eRashiya. Ekhaya wathabatha onokuyi waza wabizwa Alex. November 14, 1963, wafa. Okokuqala, Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevsky wangcwatywa woonongendi Vladimir leKrismesi. Ngokomyalelo Peter 1 ngo-1724, izinto zakhe bathunyelwa eSt Petersburg.

Uvavanyo weBhodi

Ngenxa yoko, elikhulu-scale isaveyi yoluntu baseRashiya, ngo-2008, uAleksandr Yaroslavich Nevsky yaba 'igama Russia. " Kodwa iincwadi zembali kukho aluqikelelo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yayo. Unga ahlangana kunye nezimvo malunga kwi ungubani amanene. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kwakukholelwa ukuba indima yakhe kwimbali kuye ebalulekile kakhulu. Russia wazibonela ixesha elinzima - emhlabeni izama ukuhlasela kumacala amathathu. Alexander Nevsky kubonwa ngunozala kwisebe eMoscow ookumkani, yena kuthathwa umxhasi yeCawa Orthodox. Noko ke, Ukumiselwa yakhe ekugqibeleni babe ayifanelekanga. Abanye ababhali baye bazama ukubonisa ukuba Nevsky waba ngumngcatshi, waba gunner AmaTatar kumhlaba Russian. Xa inani mpapasho nifunyanwe kwi imbono yokuba Ndilizukisile, lamiselwa ukuba obungasifanelanga. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina ngokuphathekayo ngokucacileyo la magama akunjalo.

score ezakha

Nevsky ithathwa njenge uhlobo amavo zegolide of Russia kumaXesha Aphakathi. Akazange ukulahlekelwa idabi elinye ebomini bakhe. Alexander wabonisa italente uzowenza umphathi-mkhosi, wenza uxolo kunye elinamandla, kodwa tshaba aphikisane Russia - anayo. Wakwazi alwe uhlaselo abachasi Western, eyikhusela Orthodox ukusuka Katolika. Olu vavanyo asekelwe ngokusesikweni kwaye pre-revolution kunye Soviet namandla. Idealization Neva wangena phambi WWII bade, ngaphakathi kwayo, kwakunye kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala emva kokugqitywa kwayo.

ukukala yaseYurophu

L.Gumilev ukubonile Alexander umyili ubudlelwane Russian-mkhosi. Ngokutsho umbhali, ngo-1251 i-ngqwayi weza ndatu, abahlobo, yaye emva kwethutyana, yaye fraternized noAholiyabhi unyana ka-Khan Sartak. Ngowe-1251, Alexander wazisa Tatar umzimba noyon headed Nevryuya. Ngenxa yokuba umphathi iitalente bozakuzo wakwazi ukuseka ubudlelwane nobuhlobo nje kuphela Batu kunye nonyana wakhe, kodwa kunye ezihlangwini Berke. Konke oku okubangele njini esebenzayo kunye ngoxolo le Mongol-Tatar naseMpuma Slavic iinkcubeko.

isiphelo

Kakade ke, indima Neva kwimbali weRashiya zamaxesha liphezulu kakhulu. Enyanisweni, lo mphathi sele ayilahleki nayiphi na ekulweni kwakhe. Wayenomsebenzi uthando abefundisi, abamelwane ukuhlonipha. Alexander uye wasebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-Metropolitan KIRILL. Kwi umphathi beza kubona entshonalanga. Omnye Knight wamxelela ukuba akukho namnye kuloo mazwe ukuba watyelela, akazange abone umntu efana Nevsky, okanye abathetheli, nookumkani. Uphengululo efanayo wamangqina ezinye wazinikela mkhosi Batu. Kwezinye yemihla kwaye kukho ubungqina bokuba lo mfazi ukubola ogama Alexandra ukoyikisa abantwana babo. Umphathi inika ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo imida karhulumente ukususela ungenelelo ezivela empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Ngexesha zobuqhawe bakhe odumileyo ngokuba ubuqaqawuli yelizwe Russian, waba ngoyena abadumileyo yembali kwimbali yamandulo ukusuka Vladimir Monomakh ukuya nguDmitry Donskoy. Izinto ezingcwele umphathi ngokwemiyalelo uPetros Omkhulu agcinwe kwi Alexander Nevsky Monastery (ukususela 1797 - Laura).