Ukukhanya - iingcamango batshintsha ihlabathi.

Ukukhanya - le zebhola ubomi kushicilelo yoluntu, ukuvela iingcamango ezintsha, intanda omtsha swi ixabiso lobomi kunye nobuntu lomntu ngamnye kunye ukuqatshelwa ingqondo yomntu ixabiso engundoqo. Ngokutsho amazwi sobulumko German omkhulu Immanuel Kant, "yiEnlightenment - na kokuhluma lendoda livela abambalwa, apho ke ityala zabo."

Ukukhanya - ifilosofi iinkolelo ezisisiseko imfundiso.

Isiseko sabekwa ngexesha eendawo olufunyanisiweyo, xa Outlook yomntu, nje kuvele Dark Ages waqalisa ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza. ezifunyaniswe Geographical, ilizwe elitsha, ukwandiswa yorhwebo - zonke negalelo kuphuhliso inzululwazi, inkcubeko kunye nokwandiswa izimvo bulumko. abantu yobudala Advanced akaba saba ukwanela kunye neemfundiso zonqulo, iinkolelo ukholo kunye bulumko yamandulo. entsha inzululwazi ixesha - kwafunyanwa Copernicus, Newton nabanye kudale ngokuphathelele entsha zabantu abe nembono ezizodwa, ngaphandle jikelele. Kulo mfanekiso kWabo ilizWe yindawo ilawulwa ingcamango "umthetho wemvelo", "sizathu", "indalo". World imele uhlobo phambili mechanism iingqiqo ogqibeleleyo xa eninzi kunye ngqo yokusebenza kunye umthetho othile. Indima likaThixo liye lancipha kuphela "phezulu yonke into," wavuma amandla weza kunye umyalelo yezinto, kodwa kuphazamisana ngqo kubomi. Le mfundiso iye ngokuba "deism" yaye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi zobulumko 17-18 leminyaka.

uluntu Human kuqwalaselwa kuphela ezifanayo elincinane wendalo. Zobulumko yiEnlightenment - uVoltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Locke, Lomonosov nabanye babekholelwa ukuba kufuneka kuphela "ukufumana" loo mithetho yendalo apho ibutho labantu uze uzenze abophe. Bona wavakalisa ilungelo endalo nenkululeko yomntu ngayo inkolo, isazela kunye nokukhetha nomsebenzi, isidima somntu, ukulingana kweeklasi. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabalawuli kunye nabantu kwafuneka ukuba sisekelwe phezu mvumelwano zendalo phakathi kwabo, nto leyo enokuyenza abalawuli olungumbandezeli kakhulu. Le ndlela iye revolution ngokwenene - ukuba eli gunya lo kumkani kwakujongwa phezu koku, kwaye umlawuli, isithsaba yi elinegunya liphezulu ecaweni, yayigqalwa ummeli kaThixo emhlabeni. nto zobulumko ezininzi wathetha imiyalezo yabo, ingakumbi yasebukhosini loo.

bulumko Ukukhanya mercilessly bagxeka ngoko ubomi - ubukhosi mda, umlilo Kwamacala, ukukhonya webandla, indawo elusizi kwaye bengenamandla kwiklasi yesithathu kunye nabantu abasebenza - konke oku kwakubonakala kubo into lasendle elidlulileyo. Zobulumko baye babonisa ukuba konke oku kusisiqhamo-zokungathotyelwa ngookumkani imisebenzi yabo ngokunxulumene kwizifundo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamagunya olawulo. Bona thembisa njengomzekelo njengoko ukulandela "kumkani bakhanyiselwa" owayeza kulawula urhulumente, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho wemvelo.

Uninzi iinkokeli yiEnlightenment bafumana intshutshiso koogunyaziwe ecaweni, kunye nemisebenzi yabo utshiswe, zaye phantsi ukuhlola kakhulu, ababhali basoloko asazi nokuba baya kuvuka kusasa siphile njengabantu abakhululekileyo. Ngoko ke, omnye Iimpawu zokuqala yiEnlightenment - Encyclopedia of Diderot eFransi eyalelweyo yokuprinta, yaye umbhali kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafune abathengi bakhanyiselwa esisityebi. Noko ke, le ntshutshiso ayizange ayeke zefilosofi kunye nababhali. Ukukhanya waba intwasahlobo ixesha elitsha, ukuba abonise abantu ngumzekelo omhle ukulandela kunye indlela phambili.

The Age of Ukukhanya wazisa esinye iidiphozithi bazizinhanha kwinkcubeko mihla, uninzi iinkolelo zayo yenza isiseko somthetho mihla eYurophu, izibhengezo UN wonke kunye namanye amaxwebhu.