Dyslexia - dyslexia ... ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari. Dyslexia - unyango

Kwihlabathi kukho izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuphuhlisa kuzo zombini abadala kunye nabantwana. Ndiyazi bonke akunakwenzeka nje. Kungenxa yoko le nto kweli nqaku Ndifuna ukuthetha ngengxaki efana dyslexia. Kuba yintoni na, nokuba kuchongwa njani kwaye yintoni na iindlela zonyango - ngale kwaye ufuna ukuthetha.

Ezingembono

Kukho abanye abantwana abangakwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala banikwa ebunzimeni. abantwana abanjalo badla ingqalelo ukonqena, kodwa hayi elula kangaka. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi umntwana unedyslexia? Le meko ethile luvo, abakhubazekileyo, nto leyo enokuchaphazela imbono njengokhozo oonobumba, amanani kunye neesimboli nokufunda. Kule pipsqueak kakubi Uyabubona kwaye uyayiqonda ukufunda, ukubhala, izibalo, nje ukuba intsebenzo entle kakubi kwizifundo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha izazinzulu uphando bathi rhoqo ngakumbi ukuba IQ in aba bantwana ngaphezu avareji. Ungazama ukuchaza nje esi sifo. Kulo mzekelo, dyslexia - yinto ukungaphumeleli ingqondo yomntwana, leyo uyalivala ukufikelela kwezinye analyzer (umzekelo, amagama okanye amanani). Kutheni le nto isenzeka - zama ukufumana ngokuthe vetshe.

A incinane

Kakhulu eyonwabisayo kuya kuba into yokuba eli gama lisetyenziswa okokuqala emva ngowe-1887, i-nzulu-zamehlo R. Berlin. Ugqirha yokuqala adibene ingxaki xa ehlola inkwenkwe iphuhliswe ngokubanzi. Yena nengxaki enkulu ekufundeni nasekubhaleni, kodwa zonke ezinye iinkalo ngobungcali mfo wabonisa nje iziphumo emangalisayo. Eli gama, ngokutsho Berlin, ukuba atyumbe ingxaki xa ekufundeni kunye nomntwana jikelele na iingxaki ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Ngokutsho manani ngoku, esi sifo yaziwa ukuba lokuqala-ngesandla malunga 5-10% yabo bonke abemi umhlaba, kwaye kakhulu kuxhomekeka kweminyaka engama-6-7. Ngenxa yobuchule bendalo-luvo, ukuze buncothulwe sifo ayikho simple kunjalo, kufuneka umgudu ubuninzi kwi inxalenye umntwana, umonde phezu inxalenye abazali, Kakade ke, ixesha elininzi.

Eyona engundoqo Iingxaki dyslexics

Ukuqonda ukuba dyslexia - kukungakwazi ukuqonda oonobumba okanye amanani kufuneka singathetha kancinci ngaloo nto, ukuba ezinye iingxaki nazo abantwana sele unaso esi sifo.

1. Ezi kids ezithile ukubona oonobumba okanye amanani ngasemva, ngokuzenzekelayo uvule nabo ngokwabo abangayi kuba nako ukufunda.
2. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana esi sifo umbhalo ukuba 'tsiba' kwiphepha, ukuba ziyaphuma an inani.
3. Kwakhona, kusenokuba kukho iingxaki ezifanayo kunye kokwahlulwa oonobumba neenombolo (umz: 'r' yaye 's', 10 no 01).
4. Ukuba umntwana uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi koonobumba ngoko kwenzeka ukuba akakwazi athi kubo nakuzo, oko kukuthi. E. In igama.
5. A ngengxaki - umntwana akabi sayikhumbula loo mazwi ukufunda. Lonke ixesha ukuba kufuneka afunde ngokutsha.
6. Amaxesha amaninzi, aba bantwana musa ukubona amagama, iileta zabo, ogalelwe nje.
7. Kwakhona, abantwana nale ngxaki isenokuba ukutshintsha oonobumba kumagama (funda "bonke" endaweni "ubunzima").
8. Kwakhona akuqhelekanga xa umntwana uyaqonda kwaye uyazazi zonke iincwadi, kodwa xa uzama ukufunda amagama unalo severe intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukuba nesiyezi.

Iyafuna esithi ukuba yonke le nto, izazinzulu zithi iingxaki imbono ebonwayo aba bantwana phantse akwenzeki (kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, inqabile kakhulu). Ukongeza, le luhlu - akukho zonke iingxaki ezinokuba ziya kukhathaza dyslexia. Kids abakubudala ezahlukeneyo babe nobunzima ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima inguqu, ukutshintsha njengoko zikhula kid.

ngezigaba

Ukuhlelwa dyslexia - yiloo nto ke kufuneka zikhankanyiwe kweli nqaku. Ngoko ke, esi sifo zihlelwe ngokungqinelana neziphumo ezininzi.

1. Abantwana abane dyslexia disfoneticheskoy akakwazi nokuphimisela amazwi ukufunda. Kumnandi ke kubo njengoko uhlobo ikhowudi eyimfihlo ukuba kufuneka lonke ixesha ukuwuqonda.
2. Abantwana dyslexia diseydeticheskoy (elinokuba kwakhona kubizwa ngokuba dyslexia zeGestalt-blind) kunye ubunzima obukhulu ukucengceleza amagama, kodwa abakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi iileta efanayo. Funda amagama kwiphepha, abakwazi ukufunda oko kwangoko elandelayo.
3. Uhlobo lwesithathu esi sifo yeyona inzima, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukunceda Kiddies kakhulu kunzima: ukuba zidityaniswe dyslexia ezimbini zokuqala.

Kwiifom

Qiniseka ukuba babone iintlobo ezininzi dyslexia, nto leyo ukuphuhlisa abafundi.

1. Lwezandi dyslexia. Le umba wokungaphuhliswa imisebenzi kwenkqubo lwezandi.
2. Agrammaticheskaya. Ukutshintsha okanye uhlaba amagama morpheme.
3. dyslexia kwisemantiki. Oku kuphula ukufunda bengqiqo ngezandi xa efunda naxa pronunciation ngendlela egqibeleleyo amagama.
4. Wokubonisa. Dyslexia, nto leyo inxulunyaniswa wokungaphuhliswa umsebenzi olubonakalayo.
5. Mnemonic. Olu hlobo dyslexia ubonisa ubunzima ekufundeni iincwadi kunye nokuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo.

Ezibangela isifo

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuqwalasela ukuba kutheni kukho dyslexia ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari. Ngoko ke, isizathu inokuba sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi lwasekhaya kwiindawo ezithile ebuchotsheni. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba trauma (nokuba intloko pin elula) baswele okanye inxalenye ezinqwenelekayo ebuchotsheni. Esinye isizathu kubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ngokutsho oogqirha, esinokubangela esi sifo kubantwana, - iingxaki zempilo umama nosana kwinqanaba sokukhulelwa okanye ufikelwe ngokwabo. Esasiza kuba le nto ilandelayo: ngokutsho uluvo zonyango, malunga nesiqingatha ukuqhambuka kwesi sifo sisasazwa kubantwana lilifa kubazali (esi sifo luchaphazela nabafazi, kodwa, ngokutsho manani, emakhwenkweni kwenzeka rhoqo izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu amantombazana). Noko ke, aba abantwana engamelanga ithathwe njenge Ugula ngengqondo okanye ophantsi, nje abanako izakhi kwingcaciso efunyenwe ngaphandle. Ngelo xesha, akukho iingxaki yonke ingqondo, kodwa kuphela kwindawo ekhoyo.

ekuxilongweni

Unokubona njani ukuba indlela enoba kukho umntwana esi sifo? Ngenxa yoko, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha zabantwana Siyaleza kuqhuba uvavanyo olulodwa, nto leyo eya kukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki uze ufumanise umntwana dyslexia egulayo ngokwenene okanye usesemva nje emva kuphuhliso kunye nezifundo isifundo. Sifuze Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukubona ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo yemfuza, xa isifundo DCDC2 sofuzo esi sifo.

ngonyango

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa umntwana wakho unedyslexia? Unyango kunye namayeza ngexesha elinye - ayiveli kule meko. Ukongeza, olu khetho lwe ukubatshabalalisa ingxaki kukuba umntu akunakwenzeka baya kukuxelela, la machiza bamane nje. Kulo mzekelo, ufuna umsebenzi elinobuchule loluleko. Oku kunceda ootitshala, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha ngenxa yabantwana, ke, iingcali abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza ndawonye abantwana kuqhutywa zombini eklasini (ukuba utitshala sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo lo mntwana, Noko ke, leyo, kunzima kakhulu), okanye imfuneko ukuthumela usana ukuzibandakanya kunye nootitshala ezizodwa oya kuba nako ukuze alungise le ngxaki.

Iinkqubo ezizodwa ziquka iindlela ngeendlela zomsebenzi. Oku kusenokuba umthambo kuba amehlo abakwaziyo ukunceda ukumelana nesi sifo nayo. Noko ke, inkoliso zonke kwimeko dyslexia kuqwalaselwa ngamnye, inkqubo ekhethekileyo ikhethiwe kwaye kwabunjwa emntwaneni oya kunceda ukumelana nale ngxaki kuphela kuye. Ukuba akukho nangoko shwaka iimpawu zesi sifo yaye oku baphambuke dyslexia, unyango kufuneka nangoku Makuqhutyekekwe. Ngaba asiyeki, kwaye ubotshelelwe isiphumo ukuba ngokwayo ngayo.