Xa isifundo leengcinga lwezentlalo eRashiya akunakwenzeka ukuya ngaphambili kwi-imi- 40 ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa ingcamango kwakhiwa Slavophiles kunye abaseNtshona. iimbambano babo phezu khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwaye kusekho nokubaluleka kwezopolitiko, ingakumbi ekukhanyeni iziganeko zakutshanje.
Umoya kwenkulungwane ye-19
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, eRussia kwilizwe ngelizwe imo feudal lwemveliso, ngokuchaseneyo eYurophu, apho inkqubo yokudityaniswa unxulumano yoohlohlesakhe longxowankulu. Ngoko ke, lo backwardness komnotho uBukhosi Russian, nto leyo enika ithuba lokucinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuba kubekho utshintsho. Ubukhulu becala, babuyela uPetros kuqala, kodwa iziphumo ayonelanga. Ngelo xesha ubudlelwane yoohlohlesakhe walwa indlela yabo eYurophu esebenzisa neziphithiphithi, igazi kunye nobundlobongela. Ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano, enomfutho ukuxhaphaza. zibakala zakutshanje bakhuthaza amalungu ezininzi kwengcinga kwezentlalo zikazwelonke. Kukho mpikiswano Kuyaqondakala malunga nophuhliso elizayo kweli lizwe, ngakumbi ukuba baphuma kakhulu ukuya abalawuli kwi-nkqubo yangaphakathi ukuya kwenye. Slavophiles kunye abaseNtshona - iindlela ezimbini malunga iRashiya, kodwa wonk 'kwafuneka ukuba ayizise ukuba nempumelelo.
Ukuhlangabezana ukuhamba Slavophiles
Phantse amabini eminyaka phakathi iiklasi aphezulu karhulumente Russian kwasekwa sengqondo poklonnicheskoe eYurophu kunye impumelelo yayo. Russia liya kuguqulwa, ukuzama ukufana kumazwe aseNtshona. A. S. Homyakov kuqala ekhutshwe kuboniswa ingcinga uluntu malunga ngendlela ekhethekileyo uphuhliso karhulumente wethu - ngokusekelwe collectivism, esizibonakalisa kwindawo yasemaphandleni. Oku kushenxisa imfuneko ukugxininisa backwardness amandla kunye ulingana Europe. Around wavakalisa theses abacinga abamanyeneyo, ingakumbi ababhali. Baye baziwa ngokuba Slavophiles. Abantu baseNtshona - uhlobo lwempendulo intshukumo ngasentla. Abameli Westernism, ngokusekelwe iingcamango Georga Gegelya, wabona intsingiselo eyodwa kuphuhliso onke amazwe ehlabathini.
Isisekelo ngefilosofi of baseNtshona
Ukutyhubela imbali kwengcamango yoluntu ndamgocagoca umbuzo nguPawulos Gauguin: "Ngubani Ukuze ??? phi". Ngokuphathelele inxalenye yokugqibela noHlahlolwabiwo amanqaku amathathu umbono. Abanye bathi isidima uluntu. Abanye - ezihamba kwisangqa, oko kukuthi, kwimijikelo. Kanti abanye avakalisa ukuba iqhubeka. Abantu baseNtshona - are iinkcuba ababambe mbono yesibini. Ayekholelwa ukuba imbali luqhubela phambili, enye kumda wesangqa wophuhliso, kunye Europe ngaphambi nezinye iingingqi zehlabathi kunye ziyichaze njani indlela abaya kuhamba kuzo zonke izizwe. Ngoko ke, onke amazwe, kwakunye eRashiya, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo impumelelo kwimpucuko yaseYurophu kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Against baseNtshona Slavophiles
Ngoko ke, ngo-40 kwinkulungwane ye-19 ngayo longquzulwano "Slavophiles - abaseNtshona" eceleni. A kwitheyibhile bethelekisa iinkolelo ezisisiseko kakhulu ukubonakalisa izimvo zabo phezu elidlulileyo elizayo karhulumente Russian.
Ideas Slavophiles and abaseNtshona | abantu baseNtshona | imibuzo yokuthelekisa | Slavophiles |
| enobunye Europe | nophuhliso olumanyanisiweyo | Identity, ingakumbi |
| Ngasemva xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe Western | Isikhundla Russia | Awukwazi azilingani namanye amazwe |
| HIV, waba negalelo inkqubela yelizwe | Relationship Peter kuphuculo | Udandathekile impucuko, uzonakalisile khona |
| neNgonyama zePalamente, inkqubo-siseko yamalungelo oluntu kunye neenkululeko | Inkqubo yezopolitiko Russia | Lobuzwilakhe, kodwa uhlobo igunya solusapho. Amandla uluvo - abantu (Zemsky Sobor), amandla namagunya - ukumkani. |
| negative | Abongikazi serfdom | negative |
abameli baseNtshona
Indima ebalulekileyo inguqu enkulu yoohlohlesakhe 60-70s ukudlalwa abaseNtshona. Abameli ingcamango baseburhulumenteni nje inspirers ezizinzululwazi le utshintshwano karhulumente, kodwa bona ngokwabo inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwabo. Ngenxa yoko, i kwindawo esebenzayo ekuhlaleni ahlala uKonstantin Kavelin, owabhala i "Qaphela kwi ukukhululwa abalimi." Timofey Granovsky, unjingalwazi wembali, wakhuthaza koqhubekeko iinguqu ebekwe phantsi kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni elinesibhozo, yiEnlightenment-nkqubo esebenzayo karhulumente. Around kuye akumanyileyo abantu ezifana-nye nonke, eziquka Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. Abantu baseNtshona ngcinga zisisiseko ezi nguqulelo ezininzi phambili kwinkulungwane ye-19 - iijaji, leyo wazibeka iziseko ulawulo lomthetho kunye noluntu.
Okumiselwe baseNtshona
Kudla ngokuthi kwinkqubo yophuhliso intshukumo mpatheko eqhekekileyo wayo ozakube usaqhutywa, ie uphuphu. Akukho ngaphandle, yaye abantu baseNtshona. Oku kusebenza kuqala ukubalaselisa amaqela olukhulu, sivakalisa indlela olululo ukwenza utshintsho. Oku kuquka Belinsky, N. Ogarev, yaye, ke, Alexander Herzen. Kwinqanaba elithile, kwenzeka slavophiles ukuhlangabezana kunye abaseNtshona revolution abakholelwa ukuba uluntu lolimo kuba sisiseko izixhobo elizayo yoluntu. Kodwa akazange izigqibo. Ngokubanzi, longquzulwano iingcamango indlela lokuqala lophuhliso Russia ukuya indima ekhethekileyo impucuko yethu ehlabathini, kunye nesidingo sokufundisa pro-Western wahlala. Okwangoku, umsantsa kakhulu kwinkalo kwezopolitiko, leyo ngaphandle yimani abaseNtshona. Abameli intshukumo kwicala lokuba yingxenye ye European Union, kungaboni njengendlela yokuphuma le nkinga impucuko, eziquka kodwa ithuba lokwakha yobusoshiyali.