Imali yabantu

Ingqiqo «lwezakhono zoluntu» (human capital) kuqala eyenziwa kwizifundiswa nobuntatheli kwi wabonakala ngumtshangatshangiso neo-classical embindini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukuze kugqityezelwe iminyaka 90-th zenkulungwane yama-20.

Teodor Shults and Umva Bekker - Nobel Prize abaphumeleleyo, abezoqoqosho abadumileyo, babonwa "ooyise" zophando lwezenzululwazi. Kuba uphuhliso nenkalo yezoqoqosho imbasa eli bhaso kwaye nzulu lemvelaphi Russian, Simon Kuznets (1971). Ubume beziko bangoku iimfundiso echaphazela kwezakhono zoluntu sele egqibile imbonakalo zezoqoqosho ngenxa, oonontlalo-ntle kunye ngembali T. Schulz, H. Becker, E. Denison, R. Solow, J. Kendrick, Kuznetsov, P. abenzi, I.Fisheru, P . Lucas kunye nezinye izazinzulu ezininzi. Sasifunda le nto kude kube ngoku.

Xa ezingundoqo zalo, ithiyori lwabasebenzi inika inkqubo ecacileyo - into enemingxuma single ukucacisa enengqondo iziganeko ezifana:

- inkqubo nokufakelwa kwezakhono zemfundo kuqoqosho;

- ukwanda kwemfuno imfundo kunye lwempilo;

- ukuxhomekeka malunga nemiba yokukhula semivuzo ubudala;

- ingcaciso lweeyantlukwano kwemivuzo ngokwesini;

- ezizukulwaneni njalo ukwamkeleka kuswela ukulingana amanqanaba kuqoqosho.

LwaseNtshona Koloni ziba izihloko ezibandakanyiweyo ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa ke eneneni azikhethe hayi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ziphuma kumthombo omnye yentsebenziswano kwabantu ekuhlaleni kunye ikhono lomntu ngamnye ukuze ihlanganiswe noluntu.

Ngokutsho wokubala lula kwethiyori lwezakhono zoluntu lifunda iinkqubo qualitative ngendaleko kwabantu ngenjongo isicelo sabo ubhalo kunye negalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho onke amazwe ehlabathini. Izazinzulu ziye esenze intuthuko-Neoclassicist yokudibanisa iiyunithi saa kwisiphaluka enye nengqondo. Kakade ke, ukuba revolution inkqubo yoqoqosho na imimandla ephambili isifundo:

- Egxininisa eziphambili arhente ekhokelayo utyalo mali kwimarike zabasebenzi;

- isifundo umjikelo wobomi bonke abasebenzi;

- sisibonelelo zezoqoqosho - ixesha kwabantu.

Namhlanje, phantse onke amacandelo non-imarike lingaba nokulinganiswa yi kwithiyori lwezakhono zoluntu: imiba yempilo, izikhewu kwimfundo, umgaqo-nkqubo yokufudukela, iingxabano usapho, ukukhula intiyo yobuhlanga kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. The main factor - abacinga ngayo ngamnye ngaphakathi eluntwini.

Njengoko kusengqiqweni ukusebenzisa utyalo-mali lophuhliso lwezakhono zoluntu, ukuze aphephe iimpazamo kunokwenzeka kwisicwangciso kuqoqosho kunye nokuzuza kolutyalomali? Yintoni ngumongo? Inkcazo "lwezakhono zoluntu" ihambisana bonke ubuchule, ulwazi, izakhono kunye nenkuthazo kwengqondo yomntu ezifunyenwe ngawo kuwo onke amacandelo yobomi. Ubuntu ayikwazi kuthathwa ezingxobeni ngenxa kwimveliso uvelisa, akukhathaliseki nokuba le imveliso - ithisisi komviwa of Sciences.

Akukho mfanekiso epheleleyo phakathi isixa esithile semali kunye nolwazi lwabantu. Ezi neengqukuva kwahluka kuphela ifomu kodwa eneneni. inkqubela lwezenzululwazi yimithwalo, oko kukhokelela ekubeni ukwehla ezithile ulwazi lwabantu entsimini yenzululwazi esisiseko. Ngako oko, ngenxa zonke, ishiywe inkqubo yesifundo ixesha elithile, musa sihlale kunye nesantya ngokukhawuleza ingcamango yenzululwazi, ustarevaya ukuyisebenzisa. Kwenziwe utyalo-mali engento kunye nexesha elahlekileyo izicacele.

Kwelinye icala, oko kuya kubonakala, ukufunda nayiphi na inqwelo ngokwesiseko zekholeji neyobungcali zidweliswe ngezantsi, oku kuthatha ixesha kwaye noluntu kule mini kuthathwa kunye isixa esibonakalayo kugxeka. Osoqoqosho ziqikelela ukuba kunjalo iingcali kwinqanaba ezicwangcisiweyo ukunyuka yoqoqosho elizayo. Xa ixesha elithile, uluntu kufuneka abacinga ngaphezulu, kodwa kaninzi isiseko oluluqilima abanezakhono abasebenzi-abasebenzi kufuneka kuyilwa.

Ophumelelayo kuphela ezo mali ezenziweyo imali yabantu, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukuhlawula nezahlulo umntu ubomi bakhe bonke. Akwenzeki ukuba zazi indima yalo lokubhaqwa izazinzulu ukuyilwa lwamaxabiso ummeli siqu naluphi na uluntu. Kodwa kufuneka bazazi ukohluka zomntu ngamnye, amakhono ayo.