Ngubani owavela umabonwakude, yaye yintoni nyaka?

Namhlanje isimangalise nabani na TV. Le bhokisi okanye umngxuma encinane, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubonisa imifanekiso ekutyibilikeni. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba nje kancinane engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo, obu bugcisa wawungekho umgaqo. Bulelani kuphela isixa esikhulu uphando bakwazi ukonwabela TV thina.

Malunga abantu wasinika ithuba lokuba ukutshintshela imifanekiso evela kude, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Kungunozala

Ngubani owavela umabonwakude, yaye yintoni nyaka? Abantu abaninzi wabuza lo mbuzo, kodwa wonk 'amnike impendulo echanekileyo.

Kuyinto zisavuliwe kwaye umbuzo apho lwasungulwa umabonwakude. Iimpendulo akufunekanga ibe yodwa. yokuba akukho mntu mnye owavela TV kuqala. Yinto umsebenzi onzima abantu abaninzi.

Apho yasungulwa kumabonakude? Ukuze eli lungelo ulwe ezininzi kumazwe, nganye endayenzayo kulo mba wonke umkhosi oososayensi. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Lowo yokuqala owasungula umabonwakude, kungathathwa ekhemesti Swedish ogama Jens Berzelius. Le Isazinzulu ungenise ezininzi experimenti elabhoratri, kangangokuba kwafunyaniswa inkalo ngaphambili ayaziwa, ogama "Selenium".

Ukubaluleka kwalo mcimbi zibalulekile. Kwaqondwa ukuba lwesi sakhi uqhuba ombane ngokuxhomekeke njengamabambela kwaso nobungakanani ukukhanya.

Ngaphandle kwalo, bendingayi kuba lula ukudluliswa umfanekiso.

Ukusuka ithiyori - ukuba benze

Boris Lvovich Rozing - yiloo owasungula umabonwakude - ziya wayesithi yi mbali. Kwaye kuya kuba kude inyaniso.

Biography of yamachiza kunye umsunguli okunene wasinika ithuba lokuba tirhisa ngokuhlwa kwekhusi blue, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola nzulu.

Boris Lvovich Rozing wazalwa ezisibhozo kunyaka anamanci mathandathu-yesithoba amawaka eSt Petersburg.

Phantse bonke ubomi bakhe wayitshabalalisa umsebenzi Institute. Le iteknoloji Petersburg Arkhangelsk Forestry Engineering, kunye nabanye abaninzi, apho wacelwa ibe ntsapho yekhethelo. Scientist kokuthethelela ithisisi yakhe.

Umsebenzi wakhe uye zanikelwa ukuba nasekufundweni ubutsalane, unomathotholo, umbane, intsimi eziphilayo, izixhobo ferromagnetic, physics quantum, amandla.

Le mbono ukudlulisela umfanekiso ukuya kumgama weza Borisu Lvovichu lamawaka ezisibhozo kunyaka wesixhenxe-asithoba. amalinge akhe ayikwazanga bacinge ngaphandle ityhubhu cathode-reyi yesifuba, kusandul kwemoto, kwakunye nezifundo ze yamachiza isivamvo Aleksandra Grigorevicha Stoletova.

impumelelo kwakhe ekufundeni le magazini mkhulu. Sele elinethoba anamanci wesixhenxe unyaka kwehlabathi zimelwe imifanekiso yobuchopho ngokusebenzisa i ityhubhu cathode-ray kunye screen ezibengezelayo, akwenzelwa izibuko. Inventions Physics ziye eliphezulu ezaziwayo eUnited States, Great Britain ne Germany. Amava eniwafumeneyo abe umboniso imivumbo ezingwevu kwiscreen emnyama. Oku kubonakala kulula. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha kwaba intuthuko enkulu. Malunga sisazinzulu abanetalente ukuthetha ehlabathini lonke.

kwiminyaka nje emine kamva yamachiza yakwazi ukuba kunikezelwe umfanekiso mgama. Kungenzeka, akukho namnye abafundi babe ngokungathandabuzekiyo ceba umabonwakude.

Kulo efanayo eziliwaka elinamakhulu asithoba ngonyaka weshumi elinanye Rosing wenze inguqu ukusuka ngoomatshini ukuya kwiinkqubo ze-elektroniki.

De kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe elinethoba yamachiza ngomnyaka wamashumi-wesithathu abazange bayeke ukwenza nokuphucula izixhobo zabo, liqulunqe iindlela ezintsha awunandaba, iityhubhu neesekethe zoyilo.

Yemifuniselo yokuqala kunye nomfanekiso

Ngubani owavela umabonwakude kuqala, kuba waseMelika ezaziwayo-kakuhle, uMnu Kerry, ngokutsho kubaphandi abaninzi. Iziphumo ze-eksperimenti bakhe indlela yokusebenza yokuqala, awangqinelwa ngawo wakwazi ukudlulisa olungaqondakaliyo, kodwa umfanekiso.

Malunga owasungula kumabonwakude, unakho ukuqalisa inzala impikiswano umenzi Paul Nipkow. amava zakhe ukuphuculwa kakhulu, nangona umgaqo osebenza kuyo isixhobo efanayo izixhobo uMnu Kerry. UPawulos wanikela wakhe wokusungula ebizwa ngokuba 'umfanekiso eneenkcukacha ". Kwintendelezo kumi ngonyaka amawaka, anamanci asibhozo asibhozo anesine.

igama entsha

Igama elithi "umabonwakude" wothulelw injineli Russian uKonstantin Dmitrievich wasePersi.

Ngaphambi koku, izazinzulu baye basebenzisa amabinzana ontsonkothe "dalnovidenie" okanye "ngeeteleskopu zombane".

Kukholelwa ukuba ngowokuqala ukwazisa ibe ukusetyenziswa ngoAgasti 1900 yena. Oku kwenziwa ngokwenkqubo-sikhokelo ye-International Electrotechnical Congress e Paris. ILizwi uthande amaqela, yaye ngokukhawuleza wayaneka isangqa yakho abahlobo emva ekhaya.

Ingxelo "malunga embonweni kumgama," kuqhutywa ngesiFrentshi.

Kunyaka ongaphambili, uKonstantin Persky wafumana igunya yenye yeendlela kumfanekiso transmission. Ngenxa yeempembelelo impumelelo yakhe, injineli ngolangazelelo waxelela oogxa bakhe yaseYurophu malunga namathuba enkulu ukudlisa uluntu ubuchwepheshe yayo.

Malunga oosonzululwazi bazi lukhulu. weza uKonstantin Dmitrievich kwintsapho ezindilekileyo, ookhokho bakhe mkhulu kakhulu Prince nguDmitry Donskoy.

Ngaphambi ukuphila kwakhe kukuqamba, Persky akwazi ukugqiba Mikhailovsky zokudubula Academy, uze emva koko basebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ngexesha lemfazwe Russian-Turkish, apho kwakuhlwa wawongwa Order "Kuba yobuGorha".

Emva ebuya edabini uKonstantin Dmitrievich wakhetha ukuzibandakanya indlela emkhosini kwinzululwazi kwakunye kwangaxeshanye abe lilungu elikhutheleyo St. Petersburg uluntu zobugcisa kunye zombane.

Eyona mpumelelo kakhulu awayeza emsebenzini wakhe waba ingxelo olubanzi othi "imeko yangoku yokumpompoza elektrovidenii kumgama", leyo wayemela ngempumelelo kumaziko emfundo ahlukeneyo kweli lizwe nakwamanye amazwe.

Nangona nokwakheka umsebenzi kuhle ukuba sibe sesayensi endle emkhosini. Ngokukodwa, wafumana imbasa ye-Chicago World i-Fair yecebo isilumkiso ukusuka izama ukungena kwigumbi mfihlakalo.

Akunyanzelekanga ube umenzi ngo-1906.

iziphumo banethemba

Ngomhla umbuzo xa uJohn Logie Baird wasungula kumabonakude, kukho abalandeli italente yakhe, nto leyo ngokuzithemba ukuba lo nyaka amabini wesithathu-elinethoba. Kwaba ngoko ukuba sisazinzulu unako ukudlulisela emilise intambo efakiweyo ukuba umlingane wam, Charles Jenkins, United States.

Kodwa umabonakude - ke ukutshintshelwa ngamaza ombane ngokusebenzisa ngcingo kuphela. Ukuze asebenze kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka ikhamera TV.

Iincutshe ngokuzithemba bathi, owavela TV Isazinzulu Russian ogama Vladimir Zworykin, ngowe-1931 kumaziko ka Radiocorporations lweshishini of America. Kodwa ingongoma moot, ngenxa yokuba phantse ngelo xesha, omnye umakhi, Fil Farnsuort, ukuyila isixhobo efanayo.

Kwimbali walondoloza igama abaxhasi sisazinzulu Russian abo bakholwayo ingcinga yakhe lwekamva kakhulu elimangalisayo - ukuba Devid Abramovich Sarnov, i-US Signal Corps kunye nosomashishini. Kwaba ngenxa yakhe yemali yehlabathi babone uninzi izinto Vladimir Zworykin.

Le khamera lokuqala imidlalo yokuzonwabisa

Le khamera lokuqala igama "inkoskop" yaye "ityhubhu Fine-amaza."

Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ifowuni iza uhlaziyo kakhulu kwaye kuya kufuneka ulwakhiwo efana naleyo ezisetyenziswa izixhobo zale mihla.

Bayibeka isiseko ityhubhu cathode-reyi yesifuba, apho, enyanisweni, umfanekiso luyasuka kumbukeli.

umbala umabonakude

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umbala kamabonakude kusungulwe injineli yiSoviet Ovanesom Adamyanom.

Buyela ngo elinethoba anamanci Ngomnyaka wesibhozo umenzi ufumene ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba wadala isixhobo umkhosi esandleni sakhe. Wayila angadlulisela ngelo xesha imibala ezimbini kuphela.

Kunjalo, kububulumko ukuba siqwalasele uYohane Logue Brad abo owavela umabonwakude ngombala. Le ndoda wajoyina okucoca eluhlaza, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu ukwenzela ukuba angadlulisela ezahlukahlukeneyo lwendibaniso.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga TV

Izithethi ezimnyama-mhlophe umabonwakude ukusebenzisa into yokuqaba eluhlaza. umbala obomvu kwikhusi wakhangela baluthuthu kakhulu kwaye zihlanjiwe phandle. Emva ezininzi experimenti kunye liye lafikelela kwisigqibo ukuba eluhlaza ukuba umbala kakhulu ivumelane.

Malunga phi yaye yintoni uhlobo yokosulela wakhululwa kuqala, nembambano zimi ngebala. Uluvo oluqhelekileyo ukuba kukho eCarling umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo.

losasazo Full abasisigxina waqala elinethoba anamashumi amane ngonyaka eUnited States.

Isicelo lokuqala yorhwebo lwapapashwa ngo-1951 eUnited States. Yaba show yokonwabisa nosaziwayo kwi CBS.

Ukuze Ukushwankathela data

Kwinqaku kukho amagama abaninzi abantu abakhulu awayesebenza ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo nakwiilebhu kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye amazwekazi. Ngamnye kubo benza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kamabonakude. Ngaphandle imisebenzi aba enkulu, bantu benze akakwazi ukudlulisa imifanekiso.

Akukho mfuneko yokuba ukwaba umntu omnye. Ngenxa zonke ezi zifundo, ngoku ithuba lokuxhamla eziqhelekileyo ezifana kumabonwakude.