Ziziphi iindidi cross-amacandelo

Kuyo nayiphi na imveliso, ishishini lokwakha lokuvelisa amacandelwana nezakhiwo usebenzisa imifanekiso ethile. Bamele uhlobo lwento kwiikona ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuna ukusetyenziswa icandelo ulwamkelo okanye icandelo.

Le ndlela ukuya lobunjineli umzobo lwenziwa, ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ethile. Ukuba uchaze ngokucacileyo iindidi lomnqamlezo-macandelo, ngokuvumela ukuba zazise okubhalwe kule bugcisa ngemigaqo eqhelekileyo. Oku kuvumela iinjineli abasebenza kakuhle baqonde imifanekiso ezinjalo. Ukususela oku kuxhomekeke umgangatho yonke inkqubo yemveliso imveliso yokugqibela zombutho. Ngoko ke, iimfuno ezithile wabeka phambili ekudalweni imifanekiso.

Standard umfanekiso owenza

Ukwenza imbono oganogram yamacandelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo, iikhowuni, nemivalo, siyisebenzisa ukuya imizobo kulawulwe imilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona kubo inkqubo enye uxwebhu yoyilo (ESKD) "Images -. Izimvo, amacandelo, cross-kwicandelo"

Olu ndwendwe yaqaliswa January 1, 1968. Yena ikhankanya ukuba umfanekiso kubonwa uqikelelo into kwi-moya kwindawo engile ethile. GOST "Images - iintlobo, cuts, amacandelo," uthi ezi imizobo kufuneka ibe mali ubuncinane. Kodwa ukuba yingcali zabo kufuneka zifumane ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga into.

Ngoko ke, yonke imifanekiso ngokwexabiso layo, GOST zohlulwa ngokwendidi, cross-amacandelo kunye namacandelo. Olu xwebhu kwakhona umisela iintlobo zemiqondiso, iilebhile kunye neempawu.

GOST 2.305-08 imisela ukuba yonke imifanekiso kufuneka ukuya iteknoloji umzobo usebenzisa orthogonal (eluxande) ukuhla nokunyuka. Ngokusesikweni, lo mbandela embindini phakathi mkhanyo kunye moya yoyilo.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba amanye amacandelo kunye nezinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kule meko, kantu. Ngoko ke, iimbono umnqamlezo-yecandelo, imizobo asetyenziswa kwiimeko zemveliso, ebizwa imifanekiso. Kuba imigangatho yokusebenza zabo ukucacisa inani simplifications kunye nezinciphiso.

Ingcamango kweentlobo, amanxeba kunye namacandelo

Cuts, amacandelo, iimbono - ezi ndidi ezintathu eziphambili kulwakhiwo imizobo yemizobo zobunjineli. Zahluke lwesihloko zabo. Ngako oko, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe eneenkcukacha.

umzobo ebizwa likubona umphezulu workpiece ejongene kumbukeli. Ukuze kwenziwe lula umsebenzi ubunjineli kwi isafobe enjalo kuvunyelwa yi imigca kwacunyuzwa ukubonisa kumphezulu ongabonakaliyo.

The main view - lo mfanekiso ngaphambili. Ke kaloku abanye eentlobo zakhe. Iinkcukacha kwakhona kubonisiwe ekhohlo, phezulu, ecaleni ekunene, emva okanye ezantsi.

Sika - yinto umzobo workpiece, leyo ziintlanga moya yengqondo (enye okanye ngaphezulu). Kwicandelo iya kuboniswa yintoni kwicandelo moya nangasemva kwayo.

Kodwa eli candelo ebizwa kwakhona iziqalelo kwakhona, apho ngendlela ethile ziintlanga moya. Kodwa ke abasibonisa kuphela oko nangokukrola moya. Isibakala sokuba waye ke, ukusondela ayibonakali.

Le nkcazelo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ingcaphephe ukwenza imisebenzi zobugcisa usebenzisa nomzobo zobunjineli.

icandelo Remote nemiselwe

Standard ESKD izimvo, amacandelo, icandelo ivula ngoncedo kucalulo ethile. Ngokwale ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba siqonde ngcono le migangatho imvume iinxalenye graphics yokusebenza.

Amacandelo cross zenziwa okanye ezibekiweyo. Zombini zenyathi angeyonxenye candelo.

Kukhethwa ukuba basebenzise icandelo ezinikwayo yemizobo zobunjineli. Zidla ibekwa umsantsa phakathi kwezakhi usemthethweni yohlobo olufanayo.

Loo ujikeleze (kwakunye umfanekiso, inxalenye candelo) lisetyenziswa ngemigca zamafu kulo mfanekiso. Ukuba cross-candelo okubekwe imida yayo ziboniswe ngokwemida eqinileyo kodwa obhityileyo.

Ukuze ubonise esqwini wolingano kwemifanekiso ezinjalo usebenzisa kwimigca echokoziweyo. Bona isicelo thinly kwaye musa ukubonisa nayiphi na incwadi okanye neentolo.

Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa umgca elingqingqwa ukubonisa i evulekileyo umkhondo icandelo moya. Uchongwe yi iintolo, anikwe ukuqonda indlela athi.

Le asike indiza kakhulu abonisa oonobumba abakhulu Russian. uhlobo caption ubukhulu wire, iindibano okanye amacandelo eyakhiwe ngokwemigangatho kwi "AA".

Kule imivimbo lokugqibela kwaye yokuqala akufunekanga bazinqamleze indlela. oonobumba drive wabelwa ngokwe-alfabhethi, ngaphandle kophindo okanye ukungenzi. Isayizi yefonti kufuneka zibe-2 phinda amanani amaninzi ebonisa ubukhulu.

Oonobumba zicwangciswe kuthelekiswa eyayingqalene ileyibhile engundoqo. Ke ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni ibekwe njani icandelo moya.

Indawo ukuzilimaza moya

Kuxhomekeka indawo isithole moya, kukho iindidi ezininzi imifanekiso zilawulwa yi GOST. cuts Species, macandelo, njengoko imigaqo eqhelekileyo, ichazwa kwisithuba ngaphezu tyaba.

Ngako oko, moya bisecting unokucanda kulo into tye, nkgqo okanye obliquely.

Kwimeko yokuqala, imbono cross somhlathi kubonwa transversely, zibhekisela moya tye. Xa imizobo ezininzi, olu hlobo umzobo zobunjineli kuthiwa up. La macandelo nako ukuba amagama ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yemveliso nganye.

icandelo nkqo kubandakanya ubeka eso basinqumla nkqo kwi siseko. Iintlobo ngeentlobo Ndiyila ityekele phakathi moya tye kunye ezidibanayo engile ethile. It lahlukile ukusuka ngqo.

amacandelo nkqo la ngokungqalileyo (parallel kumgca projektha ngaphambili) okanye profile (eyayingqalene iprofayili umgca projektha).

Ukuba umqadi ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ecaleni ukuphakama okanye ubude injongosenzi nembono longitudinal yecandelo. Kodwa kukho nenye ekugxilwe kuzo kumzobo. Kukho iimbono cross-somhlathi leyo nkqo ukuya kuqhelaniswa imihla ukusika moya, xa kuthelekiswa ubude okanye ukuphakama into.

Kulo umzobo, indawo icandelo cross aboniswe iintolo kwaye emiselwe eqiqa evulekileyo.

Inani moya clip

Kuba iindawo elula ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa icandelo elinye kuphela le-moya. Oku kwanele ukuqonda indlela yamagcisa kufuneka wenze le ndawo. Kodwa workpieces ezintsonkothileyo oko akwanelanga. Umzekelo, kukho iintlobo kwemiqadi unomsindo amacandelo ekufuneka ngengqondo ukusika ngendlela nzima ngakumbi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imigangatho ucacise ukusetyenziswa iinqwelomoya ezininzi ezidibanayo. Bangakwazi baphuke okanye staggered. moya Orientation ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkalo.

Ikona apho babalise, ikhankanya igama ngalinye enye. Ukuba moya ziyadibana zenze i esinekona sasekunene, usikwe stepwise. Xa oku ratio luphawulwa ngokwahlukileyo othanda icandelo Somzobo onamacala amaninzi.

Xa amacandelo ezintsonkothileyo moya ewela iingongoma phakathi imivumbo olwenziweyo. Xa sokuqala nesokugqibela Utolo enye yalathe mkhanyo amehlo. Bona ibekwe ngaphakathi 2-3 mm kukubethwa. Around iintolo ibekwe unxulumano oonobumba ukusuka kwindawo ngaphandle ikona. kungacentwa kulo mzekelo, oku azisoloko ziphawulwe ngokuthi uhlobo "AA".

zendawo cross-icandelo

I-cross-candelo uvumelekile ukuba enze omnye kuphela indawo ethile yalo nto. Oku yanciphisa ukuqwalaselwa preform kuthiwa icebo lobulali. Singasebenza naphi na umzobo, i Utolo olalathe kumfanekiso indawo enxulumene. Oku kuluncedo kuba nemifanekiso elide, kodwa ke uhlobo isigxina-icandelo izifundo.

Eso lomfanekiso kuthunyelelwa kumgca breakage liphantsi. Iintlobo umqhubi cross-amacandelo ngenxa ubude babo inokwenziwa kusetyenziswa le ndlela.

Eli candelo umfanekiso ime ngokuchasene umgca esimfaneleko oluqhubekayo. Ezi imigca musa namanye imida kumzobo idibana.

Eli candelo lendawo ibhalwa uhlobo umfanekiso "A". Xa uhlobo enxulumene njengoko unobumba isiqu ahambelanayo uboniswe.

icandelo elifakiweyo ukongeza

Imifanekiso (izimvo, amacandelo, cross-icandelo) ukuze izakwenziwa moya ezo zifana kuya izilayi eziphambili uqikelelo. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba ezisebenzisanayo. Olo indlela kwi yobunjineli umzobo kusetyenziswa xa akunakwenzeka ukubonisa ngaphandle agqwetha imilo okanye ubukhulu nayiphi na inxalenye sifundo kwi engundoqo.

Loo candelo esayinwa uhlobo "A". Elihambisana ezongezelelweyo into icandelo ehambisana naye ngotolo ize isayinwe ileta efanayo. Isalathisi kwakhona kwenza kucace ukubukela kwicala kumbukeli.

Ukuba esona sabelo ngokuzithandela kubekwe ngqo kwi ehambelana nomfanekiso projektha, kwaye uphawu utolo isicelo ukuba umzobo ayikho imfuneko.

iintlobo Eminye cross-macandelo kufuneka zijikeleziswe. Kodwa ke into kwindawo eziphambili igcinwe. Kuba yimibhalo ezifana "A" idityaniswe umqondiso ujikelezo.

Le ndlela uphepha ukusetyenziswa kukhuhlwe kumzobo. It kufihla kwaye ngokonakalisa umfanekiso zicace. Ngenxa yokuba ezi ndlela ukuphucula umgangatho yemizobo.

lohlukanisa

iimbono weCandelo abanokufakwa ethubeni, oluthi luqokelelane phakathi kwezahlulo mfanekiso. Oku kunokwenziwa ukwandiswa elandelayo moya cut. Kodwa loo ndlela yamkelekile kuphela phantsi imilo macala, efunyanwa ngexesha asike. Eli candelo cross nokunika nayiphi na inxalenye yentsimi umzobo. Kucingelwa nokukwenza ukujikeleza.

Kuba amacandelo macala ze umkhondo umzobo waloo moya akuthethi Mifanekiso. Kwakhona, kukho icandelo kolu phawu.

amacandelo azilingani asebenza lo komsipha okanye kongezwe kulo kumzobo. Umkhondo moya ngenxa iigrafu enjalo ibonisa, kodwa musa basayine oonobumba. Kwakhona, akukho mazwi.

icandelo kunikezwa ibiyelwe kunye elingqingqwa, aya gqolo. Ukuba ngaba isicelo kumgca walo uphawulo isebenzisa obhityileyo, eqhubekayo.

Ukuba ndaba amacandelo eziliqela efanayo aya uchongwe ngeleta enye. Watyeda isilayi kuphela.

lula

Imifanekiso (iintlobo, cuts, amacandelo) lula ukuqonda kube lula. Standards nemimiselo elawula le nkqubo.

Kuba amanani twatsa iyelenqe kuphela enye enesiqingatha kunqunyulwa okanye uninzi osivulela kunye nesicelo. Xa into sele izinto ezininzi efanayo azotywe omnye kuphela. Ezinye iindawo ezifanayo zithathwa ngokwalo.

I ezayo kuhlangana imigca wavumela ukuba lula. Kodwa kuphela xa ngaba udinga umfanekiso eneenkcukacha.

Yenza umzobo iimilo elula, umz, ukuba kuyimfuneko ingqalelo iindidi cross-amacandelo cone, ngokusebenzisa indlela ethile ukuya kwigrafu. Oku kube lula ukuqonda zemizobo. Xa elinye wayo itshintshiwe nge njalo ethile, oko uphazamiseke.

Ukuba umntu buvela kakuhle ukuya kwenye, umda wabo alukhankanywanga okanye omiselweyo yokulingwa.

Nepustotelye iindawo macala kunye neemveliso ziboniswa kwi umzobo kwi Icandelo nerassechennymi longitudinal. Ukuba ubungakanani inqaku kwinani elingaphantsi kwe-2 mm, oko uvezwa kushenxwe sikali engundoqo.

Ukubonisa iindawo caba uyakwazi ukuqhuba imigca oxwesileyo esiqinileyo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba udibaniso esisigxina kagesi okanye irediyo lula uhlobo imigangatho efanelekileyo imveliso. Esi lula enkulu, elawula inkqubo Emanyeneyo wexwebhu yoyilo. Kokuba kakhulu amaninzi zisetyenziselwa imizobo zokwakha kumashishini amakhulu ezifuna nobunzima ezibonisa iindawo, amacandelo okanye ezinye iindlela.

Ezinye iimeko ezizodwa simplifications

Ukuba cuts umzobo, amacandelo, iimbono ezotywe ngokwemvelo ukuguqula umphezulu, ukuba bahlukane. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela ethile. Kukho izinto ezifika zibe yimiqobo ezintathu.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa umgca rhoqo obhityileyo eyaphukileyo. Kunokuba ukuya ngaphaya umda umfanekiso 2-4 mm. Kwakhona, aya kwenxalenye unokudibanisa le esimfaneleko umgca okuqhubekayo okanye welayini yomzobo.

Ukuze lula umzobo, umgca echokoziweyo uvumelekile ukuba enze eso basinqumla phakathi ukusika moya kunye mkhanyo. Kwakhona, ukuphucula ukuqonda yemizobo ezintsonkothileyo kusetyenziswa amacandelo.

Xa apertures umfanekiso kwezinye iinxalenye (hub amagiya, keyways, pulleys) unikwa kuphela ulwandlalo zabo. Ukuba moya clip khange got a esisangqa setyhula ilahlwe kwindawo elitywinwe, ebonisa indawo yayo kwicandelo.

Kwimeko ovethe kwi iindawo, network rhoqo uvumelekile ukuba amele kuphela isahlulo esincinci lweziqalelo zayo okanye lula umzobo.

iindlela ezinjalo ukufikelela ekuhlambululeni umzobo, ukuba kube lula ukuqonda yayo. Ngapha koko, ukusetyenziswa umzobo zobunjineli kulwenziwo zonke iintlobo zezinto kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olunye lokomfuziselo. Kufuneka wazi ingcali ngamnye umsebenzi kabani na enxulumene nalo olu hlobo imifanekiso. Kule mfanelo eziphumo zokuphela luxhomekeke khona.

Emva kokuhlolisisa iintlobo lomnqamlezo-amacandelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda imigaqo esisiseko womsebenzi wabo kunye nokuqonda. Ukusebenzisa izindululo imigangatho, unako ukufikelela umzobo elungileyo ya ntumbuluko. Oku lula inkqubo ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko phakathi kwembono kunye icandelo cut, esazi yokuhlelwa kwazo ezichanekileyo kunye nokubhaliswa umzobo specialist iteknoloji ukudala umfanekiso ekunene. Kulula ukuyiqonda yamagcisa eyenza lo workpiece okanye imveliso igqityiwe, yaye iza kuba nako ukuyila zonke iimfuno macandelo ezichaphazelekayo iindawo. Kule nkqubo kuxhomekeke umgangatho yonke imveliso.