"Lee-Enfield" - umpu yaseBritani. Inkcazelo, iimpawu, iifoto

Imbali World Izikrweqe uyazi amatyala amaninzi xa abathile umpu kuba "ubuso" yokwenene ixesha lakhe. Oku "trehlineyka" yethu, umpu esifanayo "Lee-Enfield". De kube ngoku, abaqokeleli ehlabathini hlabathi nefolokhwe nayiphi na jackpot endilisekileyo lucky ngubani na ubatshangatshangise isampuli yale izixhobo zikwimeko egqibeleleyo. Kwi-UK ngokwayo olu hlobo afohlela kufuneka ukubaluleka enye, nto leyo esiyifumana edume "mosinka".

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Ngokuba lixesha zokuqala umpu IsiNgesi yalo hlobo eyamkelwa yi-Royal Army 1895. Enyanisweni, yaba owandulela ngqo umpu "Lee-Enfield" ngo-1853. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, la original isixhobo eso udalwe ngokukodwa ukuze ngumgubo abamnyama. Xa ihlolwe neekhatriji kunye neesampuli ezintsha umsi-free, xa kwacaca ukuba isixhobo ukuba kusetyenziswa njengongafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo.

I-British kwafuneka ukuba lidibane umphanda omtsha loqwalaselo eyahlukileyo rifling. Kakade ke, unenzondelelo ukutshintshwa nesinyithi izinto. "Aptitude" lakhe elitsha "Lee-Enfield" kwabonisa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha wamagazi namaBhulu War.

Ukuba une ufunde umntwana iinoveli adventure, mhlawumbi khumbula i "Boers" yaye "iimanyano", evumela ukuba abethe umdlali welinye iqela emba ngexesha imigama. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi nje efanayo malunga yaseBritani "Lee-Enfield", njengoko Boers (bezithanga Dutch) ezisetyenziswa ngokongamayo isiJamani "Mauser".

Ke kaloku, iimveliso German kuloo mfazwe yaba ngcono kakhulu, kodwa ke izwe British ubufanasini umpu wakhe, nto leyo eye ukususela badla ngokuthi "Brown."

Wabonisa ukuba iziganeko Afrika?

Britain waphumelela imfazwe, kodwa CSKA baye bahlupheka kakhulu ukusuka ngqo "Mauser". Akumangalisi ukuba Ucele ukulungiswa ngokutsha shotgun zabo. Kungenxa yoko 1903 imodeli entsha - SMLE Marko I. Yintoni eyenza ihluke neyezingaphambili?

Ukulandela umzekelo amaJamani, amaBritane wagqiba ukwenza into eliphakathi phakathi carbine owamahashe, 'agcwalisa "umpu ubukhulu (njenge" Mauser K98 "). Oku kwakungelula isisombululo iphila, njengoko sele emfazweni kwacaca ukuba amahashe baba ibaluleke kangako yaye amajoni ihashe kusoloko kufuneka dismount ngumlilo kwimo yokulwa.

Ngowe-1907 wamkela ukuguqulwa wathabatha SMLE Mk.III, nto leyo luphawulwa ithuba ukuyibiza olukhawulezileyo nge umboniso. Le umpu "Lee-Enfield" lwaye ngokubanzi ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I yaye kwaba ngokwayo kuhle. Amajoni wayemthanda lo umpu ukuba ngobuciko ephakamileyo kunye nokuchaneka. Ngowe-1916 yayamkela le nguqulo "esiphakathi 'ukuba umpu, nenokuthi mazenziwe ubuchwepheshe lula, ukuba iimeko lemfazwe kwakunzima ononyawo.

Kaloku izixhobo ukuze njengebutho?

Nangona abanye indlela phambili "amaqhinga", amaNgesi akwazi ukwenza i sixhobo enokuthenjwa kakhulu. Kukho iimeko xa amajoni wabhinqa bemthandele shutter olunamafutha, waza waqhubeka ukuba balwe ngoxa elele imisele yamanzi. Xa kusehla kuhlaselo lomgadi ezaziwayo xa yonke imixholo emingxunyeni siye legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngodaka nesanti, ukuthembeka kwezi afohlela nje isipho esivela ngasentla.

uphuhliso olunye

Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II samkelwa ukuguqula le SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Marko. I). baye ezintsha eziphambili ezichaphazelekayo ukudaleka isiqu singapheli ngakumbi, akwamkele elula manufacturable. Kwakhona, xa kukho elula emehlweni angasemva, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuchana ejolise nomlilo.

Xa sithelekisa umpu ezintsha uguqulelo ngaphambili, kuye kwayinto ilula kwaye athembekile. izixhobo Service ngokuqalisa ukusela ixesha elininzi kakhulu. ezisisivalo ikhosi imfutshane, kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube lula ukuba juggle. Ekugqibeleni, izinga le umpu okokuqala sigqithile le "Mauser".

Malunga i "ubunzima" awayebalasele

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amajoni aseBritani iphawulwe ethile enye kuphela - ubunzima. Kuphela ukuguqulwa yesihlanu ubunzima 3.3 kg, kunye nazo zonke ezinye Ukrainian lunee ntlobo e kuluhlu 4 kg (Rifle No. 4 Marko. Ndolinganisela 4.11 kg). Kwelinye icala, "mosinka" wethu onencula watsala zonke 4.5 kg, ukuze le Ububi obukhulu ethandabuzekayo kwamanye okhuphisana. Hi ndlela leyi, "Mauser K98" ndamlinganisela kg malunga 4.1, ngoko apha - ukulingana ngokupheleleyo.

Sniper "modding" kunye nezinye iinguqulelo

Ngokwesiseko ukuguqulwa lokugqibela baqalisa ukuyila kunye sniper afohlela, njengoko imfuneko uhlobo olwahlukileyo kwezixhobo for "sharpshooters" ngelo xesha kwabonakala. Nangona kunjalo, i-British akazange ukufikelela lokuvelisa kwi zokuthutha ngamnye: umane ukhethe izixhobo ukusuka imfumba jikelele, ngokusekelwe ukuchaneka okwandileyo kunye nokuchaneka (ngendlela efanayo ukuba siyenze ukuba kwi Wehrmacht). Amagama iinguqulelo kancinane sniper - SMLE No.4 Marko. I (T).

Ngowe-1944, empini enzima imfazwe baseBurma kunye nezinye iinxalenye Asia, apho amaBritane bazama amgxothe yaseJapan, ngubani ngokulula wagxotha ngaphandle British ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba elihamba umbayimbayi umgangatho ehlathini ube neentloni kakhulu kuba umphanda elide umda kakhulu inkululeko zobuqili.

Ngenxa yoku, abayili ngokukhawuleza kwasekwa Rifle No. 5 Marko. I Jungle Carbine. Kule umpu flash suppressor elalibizwa, yaye umphanda elifutshane kakhulu forend. Ke amajoni yalo kwako ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo akazange ayithande emkhosini, le modeli ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na uluhlu umlilo isixhobo? Kuyinto encomekayo: kwi iinguqulelo yokuqala - 2743 iimitha, kwi Rifle No. 5 Marko. I Jungle - 1000 eemitha. Kakade ke, konke oku - "ihashe emoyeni", ekubeni, xa kusenziwa, uluhlu olusebenzayo lomlilo Akukho mitha ngaphezulu kwe 500-900, kodwa ke ezi ziphumo (nokuba ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje) ilungile kakhulu. Ukulwa close yakhelwe onencula, "Lee-Enfield 'ukuba nee-blade umxhelo, nto leyo kakhulu ukwazisa abaqokeleli.

Tales and "kuzingela isithethe"

Kude kube ngasekupheleni-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ezi zixhobo bexhobe i Royal Army. Enyanisweni, lo umpu womnye iimodeli ngasentla lisekho ngokulula ofumaneka kula mazwe ukuba ngamathanga British. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Mujahideen e Afghanistan aza kusetyenziswa "Enfields" kwi uhlaselo amajoni ethu. Xa mabali ezifanayo ezichaza ukusetyenziswa kanye le "Boers", iye ukususela efunde ezininzi.

Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uyavumelana nento yokuba esembumbulu ukusuka umpu IsiNgesi endala, waphula ngokwenene ibhatyi umkhosi flak eqhelekileyo. amabali lokonakalisa yenethiwekhi abasebenzi vehicles? Kodwa ...! Makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, olu lwazi zibangela amathandabuzo phakathi iingcali njengoko isikrweqe BTR-70/80 ibamba, nangona kungekho ingqwalasela, abanjalo 12.7 mm. Kukho kwakhona ulwazi ukusuka 'Boers "ntaka zothutho eSoviet zonakalelwa izihlandlo eziliqela.

Xa oku, unako kwakhona uyavuma: i "MI-8" sikrweqe kungekhona iklasi, ngoko akukho nto isimanga ngeziqendu ezinjalo. Ngapha koko, e Vietnam i US "Hugh" kwakhona wankqonkqoza ngaphandle elula afohlela ngexesha Second World War. Ngokufutshane, iingxoxo impikiswano ephathelele kwindlela eluncedo nengeloncedo "Enfield" yenziwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye abakwazi abone isiphelo.

iimpawu technical

Ukusuka kwindawo noshowo zomntu umpu IsiNgesi ngummeli ezaziwa le isixhobo kunye ngocwangcisa manual kunye ibholithi etshebelezayo. The main phawu - shop desyatizaryadny, leyo, nangona kakhulu kwicala le imilinganiso "kombiwa" is non-asuswayo. Kwifoto ngokucacileyo isixhobo ebonakalayo.

Ngamafutshane, kuyimfuneko ukuba imali, ihlaba ivalve ukuya ekupheleni isikhundla (njengoko trehlineyke okanye "Mauser"). Nangona kunjalo, ezinzulwini yabalindi aqala kukho Kwasika esiswini ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukususa evenkileni. Nangona olu khetho isetyenziswa kuphela xa kufuneka ukwenza ukucoca olunzulu okanye ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezonakeleyo.

ezakhiwe ngayo

Abize kwenziwa a slot longitudinal kwi receiver. Ngoko ke, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, ukuba ikhululwe kuphela xa shutter luvulelekile ngokupheleleyo. Bathethele isikhali bafane umxhasi mnye, ntsimbi namacici, iyileyo waba rounds ezintlanu. Njengazo zonke zokuzenzela ngelo xesha, ukuze kube lula uhlobo yokugqibela kulayishwa kwi vee kakhulu receiver ukusilwa.

Ngendlela, ukuba uhlobo iCartridge isetyenziswa apha? "Lee-Enfield" eliqeqesha iimbumbulu kakhulu ezithile: ukuvuleka .303 British, ukuba umntu inkqubo metric - 7.7 mm. ubude sleeve - 56 mm. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izixhobo bodidi yokuqala yaba 7,69 mm, kodwa kamva ngenxa kwinguqu esa kwindlela entsha rifling olisebenzisileyo ukutshintsha.

Iimpawu kunye shutter kubangela

Emazantsi yesango bekukho uqikelelo amabini, apho uvelisa tshixo oluthembekileyo umphanda. Xa uvala shutter azibangeli cocked. Handle ukuphatha for uyazihlaziya igobile kancinane, baqubuda. Sam shutter Kulula kakhulu ukusingatha, unalo "solid", kodwa, koko, stroke elifutshane. Ngenxa yokuba yokugqibela inika umlinganiselo okwandileyo, leyo ebesoloko umpu odumileyo "Lee-Enfield".

USM (okt indlela aqala) - le, uhlobo elula komsebenzi. Kukho fuse imi kwicala lasekhohlo yomfumani. Ngokungafaniyo trehlineyki kwethu eli nqaku kwi "Englishwoman" kakuhle kakhulu, kunye fuse uphelelwa umnwe wesandla omnye ngaphandle kokutshintsha ngezikrweqe okumbophelela.

Ukongeza, umpu, "Lee-Enfield" yaba nokwehla enezigaba ezibini, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu nokuchaneka. Loo nto inika umdla gqitha ukwenza ndandisisigculelo entanyeni: ukuba phantse "ngompu" imilo, oko has a zokusebenza, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu ngezikrweqe okumbophelela.

Ukuba ujonga ndandisisigculelo, uya kufumana kukho imingxuma ezintathu ezincinane, enye eyenzelwe ukugcina izixhobo zonyango amdaka, ezinye ezimbini ezifunekayo ukunciphisa ubunzima iyonke esi sixhobo. Ngokubanzi, iinkuni ekwakhiweni abaninzi: ifoto ibonisa izixhobo ezenziweyo kulo zonke ngegolide.