Esqwini wolingano- macala. Iimilo nokuba ongu-macala. Yintoni na iasi eme nkqo wolingano-

Ubomi izele ngabantu macala. Kuyinto ukhululekile, ezintle, akukho mfuneko ukuba zizakhele imigangatho ezintsha. Kodwa yintoni ngokwenene, yaye intle ngokwendalo, njengoko Kukholelwa?

lohlukanisa

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu badla ukuba balungelelanise kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ngoko ke into ingqalelo entle, kodwa ke into eninzi kunene. Ngokwemeko-ubuhle imboniselo njenge enomtsalane kwaye ingqalelo umlinganiselo igolide nesilivere, kwakunye, kakade, macala. Eli binzana of imvelaphi lesiGrike ngokoqobo lithetha "bakulindele". Kakade ke, akukho nje malunga ukuqondana phezu kwesi siseko, kodwa phezu kwezinye. Ngandlel 'ithile macala jikelele - yinto impahla injongosenzi, ngenxa kwiziseko ezithile, umphumo uba idatha yoqobo. Senzeka zombini abaphilayo kunye nohlobo engaphiliyo, kwakunye nezinto ezenziwe ngumntu.

Okokuqala, igama elithi "isimetri" lisetyenziswa geometry, kodwa isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ngenzululwazi, kunye nexabiso layo kuhlala ingatshintshanga ngokubanzi. Le nto ke yinto exhaphakileyo kwaye igqalwa umdla kuba kwahlukile iintlobo ezimbalwa, ngokunjalo izinto. Ukusebenzisa lohlukanisa kwakhona umdla, kuba ifumaneka kuphela kwindalo kodwa kwi iipateni kwi ngelaphu, nokuphela kwegqabi izakhiwo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezenziwe ngumntu. Iyafuna ingqalelo le nto ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi, kuba mnandi kakhulu.

ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi kwamanye amacandelo zenzululwazi

Kwixa elizayo, ezi isimetri ziya kuqwalaselwa ukusuka kwindawo umbono we geometry, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba eli gama lisetyenziswa hayi apha kuphela. Biology, ngumzuzu, imichiza, physics, crystallography - konke oku uluhlu engaphelelanga yeendawo apho le nto olufundwa kwiikona ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela oko apho inzululwazi ithi eli gama, kuxhomekeke, umzekelo, yokuhlela. Ngenxa yoko, ukwahlulwa neentlobo Kuya kakhulu, nangona ezinye esisiseko, mhlawumbi, kuhlala efanayo yonke indawo.

ngezigaba

Kukho iindidi eziliqela ezisisiseko yolingano, apho amathathu ezivame kakhulu:

• Mirror - liyasetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele moya omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakhona, eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela uhlobo ulingano, xa loo ukuguqulwa lisetyenziswa ngumfanekiso.
• Ziqu, yezihlunu okanye iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano - kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo imithombo, ngengqiqo jikelele - ulingano malunga umgca othe ngqo. Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa njenge ityala ezizodwa ukwahluka ejikelezayo.
• Central - lukhona ulingano malunga kwingongoma ethile.

Ukongeza, wew kwakhona umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo, bona ngaphantsi akukho ngaphantsi ukwazi okukhulu eqhelekileyo, kodwa:

• ihamba;
• ukujikeleza kwawo;
• indawo;
• okuqhubekayo;
• coil;
• Fractal;
• kunye t. d.

Eziphilayo, zonke iintlobo ibizwa ngokwahlukileyo kancinci, kodwa eneneni isenokuba efanayo. Icandelo ngokwamaqela athile kwenzeka ngokusekelwe kubukho okanye ukungabi nemali lweziqalelo ezithile ezifana iingongoma, iinqwelo-moya kunye ongu-macala. Kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa kwaye iinkcukacha ezingakumbi.

izinto ezisisiseko

Xa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa bonisa ezinye iimpawu, enye yazo ethile ngoku. Iziqalelo ekuthiwa-basic iquka inqwelo-moya-macala kunye esqwini iziko. Oku kuhambelana phambi kwabo, ukungabikho kunye nemali umiselwa uhlobo.

iziko Symmetry ibizwa ingongoma ngaphakathi iimilo okanye ngumkhenkce, leyo idibane migca kokuxhuma yonke parallel pairwise kwezinye isandla ngasinye. Kakade ke, yena akusoloko ayisekho. Ukuba kukho icala apho kungekho ngababini parallel, ngoko oku akafumaneki kuba ayikho. Ngokutsho inkcazelo, kucacile ukuba iziko wolingano-macala - kukuba apho inani engabonakaliswa ngokwalo. Umzekelo, umzekelo, isangqa kunye ingongoma phakathi kwayo. Le element lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba C.

Lo moya yolingano, Kakade ke, ngengqondo, kodwa ukuba yahlula mzobo ibe ngamaqela amabini alinganayo omnye komnye. Unokuwisa ngokusebenzisa amaqela omnye okanye ngaphezulu, kuba ngaxeshanye kuyo, yaye ukwabelana ngazo. Kuba inani elifanayo inokuba iinqwelomoya ezininzi. Ezi zinto zidla kummisela P.

Kodwa mhlawumbi ixhaphake kakhulu yile nto ibizwa ngokuba 'umgca wolingano-macala ". Oku into onge inokubonwa zombini geometry kunye nendalo. Kwaye ifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

axis

Idla ngokuba yeyona nto, apho eli nani linokuba kubizwa ngokuba twatsa,
wenza ngqo okanye ingxenye. Enoba kunjalo, ayikho ingongoma hayi kwi-moya. Ke axoxe wolingano ezimanyeneyo amanani. Kusenokubakho okuninzi, kwaye ibekwe inokuba kukufunayo: uwahlule iqela okanye ngaxeshanye kubo, kwakunye iikona umnqamlezo okanye ukwenza njalo. axis lohlukanisa ngokubanzi kummisela L.

Imizekelo isosceles kunye noonxantathu alinganayo. Kwimeko yokuqala esqwini nkqo yolingano-macala, kumacala omabini ezo ulingana ngohlangothi, kwaye kumgca wesibini uya phambana kwikona nganye kunye efanayo zonke bisectors, medians kunye eziphakamileyo. Le oonxantathu yesiqhelo musa ulime.

Hi ndlela leyi, ukuqokelelwa zonke izinto ngasentla crystallography aqinileyo nejiyometri ibizwa ngokuba isidanga wolingano- macala. Le rate ixhomekeke kwinani namazembe kunye namaziko moya.

imizekelo geometry

Ngaba kwabiwa zonke izinto ezininzi isifundo zemathematika amanani, nokuba axis yolingano-macala, kunye nabo apho akunjalo. Isigaba sokuqala ngokuzenzekelayo kuquka zonke iimilo ezimacala rhoqo, izangqa, ovali, kwakunye kwezinye iimeko ezizodwa, abanye kweyela iqela lesibini.

Njengokuba kunjalo, xa wayethetha esqwini yolingano lo nxantathu, lwesi sakhi ayisoloko ayisekho ngenxa quadrangle. Kuba isikwere, uxande, irhombus okanye parallelogram na, kodwa amanani ephosakeleyo, ngokulandelelanayo, akukho. Ukuze wenze isangqa umgca wolingano-macala - iseti imigca ethe ngqo wabadluli iziko layo.

Ngaphezu koko, akukho umdla ukuqwalasela, kwaye amanani-ntathu ukusuka lo mbono. Ubuncinane omnye umgca wolingano ukongezelela zonke yeepoligoni rhoqo kwaye ibhola iya kuba ezinye cone iiphiramidi, parallelograms, kunye nabanye. Kwimeko nganye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa.

Imizekelo bezifo ngokwendalo

Mirror lohlukanisa ebomini kuthiwa amabini, ihlangabezana kakhulu
njalo. Nabani kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi ngumzekelo. Yezihlunu nezaziwa ngokuba iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano kunye anqabe kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kwihlabathi yezityalo. Ukanti ke. Umzekelo, kufuneka ucinge ukuba bangaphi ngezixengxe macala abe inkwenkwezi, kwaye xa yena nabo bonke? Kakade ke, sithetha eziphila elwandle, hayi kumba wengxoxo izazi. Kwaye ke impendulo echanekileyo iya kuba: kuxhomekeka kwinani lamanqaku lenkwenkwezi, ezifana ezintlanu, ukuba-kwakubonisa ezintlanu.

Ukongeza, i-isimetri iphiramidi ebonisa uyaqapheleka iintyatyambo ezininzi: .. imipha, cornflowers, oojongilanga, njl Imizekelo inani enkulu, ke ngeenxa ngokoqobo zonke.

arrhythmia

Eli binzana kakhulu efana kakhulu amayeza kunye nezifo zentliziyo, kodwa ekuqaleni linentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kancinane. Kulo mzekelo, bekuya kuba nelithi "asymmetry", oko kukuthi, ukungabikho okanye ukuhlukunyezwa njalo ngeendlela okanye omnye. Oku kunokubonwa nje efane, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba ukwamkelwa omangalisayo, umzekelo, iimpahla okanye bokwakha. Ngapha koko, izakhiwo macala lukhulu, kodwa odumileyo Outcomes Tower of Pisa ukugoba, yaye nangona yena wayengenguye omnye kuphela, kodwa mzekelo idumileyo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwenzeke ingozi, kodwa oku elinomtsalane yayo.

Ngaphezu koko, kuyabonakala ukuba ubuso nomzimba abantu kunye nezilwanyana nayo macala ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba izifundo, njengoko apho umntu "ekunene" ithathwa njenge ezingaphiliyo okanye nje akuthandeki. Sekunjalo, imbono wolingano- macala kunye isenzeko ngokwayo emangalisayo kwaye okwangoku kakuhle ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngoko umdla kakhulu.