Kazakhstan: amafutha, amachiza, amalahle, i-oyile

Kazakhstan - omnye abalingani abaphambili kwezoqoqosho Russia. Omabini la mazwe nabanobuntu zoqoqosho kufutshane zembali, nabanako nokuba ngakumbi nangakumbi kukuhlangana ngakumbi yamazwe-sikhokelo ye EAEC. Kazakhstan - umlingani ibalulekileyo Russia ngokwemiqathango mveliso iimveliso exchange. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha ngokuvelisa amacandelo oqoqosho Kazakhstan kaThixo?

Elihamba phambili ishishini le RK

Kazakhstan imelwe eziliqela ziqwempu phambili kushishino:

- ushishino zamalahle;

- yokunyibilikisa isinyithi;

- kushishino amafutha kunye petrochemical;

- Khimprom;

- yokudla;

- imboni ekukhanyeni;

- imveliso izinto zokwakha.

Cinga iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

imboni amalahle

Ishishini amalahle ku Kazakhstan - phakathi kumashishini ezinkulu, hayi nje kuphela kwi Kazakhstan kodwa kwindawo kwezoqoqosho yonke EAEC. Ilizwe - phakathi kwabalawuli ngokwemigaqo nganye capita labemi amalahle kwemigodi, kwakunye ezitokisini. I inkulu koovimba bayo ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo Central Kazakhstan, kwakunye kwi North-East karhulumente. Uninzi emalahleni kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, Kazakhstan ufumana ezinye ukunqongophala amalahle ukubayinxalenye kudidi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa kule ndawo zoluntu, kwakunye namashishini, apho asebenza kwi uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwibhoyila. Yokugubungela neemfuno zoqoqosho kolu hlobo carbon angase umthamo ukwanda kwi ingxenye ahambelanayo. Ngokukodwa, kubekho ukwanda izinga lemveliso kummandla Pavlodar. Amalahle ezenzeka apha luphawulwa iqondo eliphezulu nomgangatho, kulula ukutyebisa, iindleko okulungiselela esuka embindini zabo ezincinane kakhulu.

yokunyibilikisa isinyithi

Phakathi amacandelo aphambili Kazakhstan - yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni. Kazakhstan uvelisa copper high quality, zinc, titanium, kwaye ezahlukeneyo neemethali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Products ingathatha uhlobo eziqeshisayo. RK - phakathi iinkokeli zehlabathi ekuvelisweni sobhedu, ubuninzi kwayo ngaphandle eNtshona Yurophu. Kazakhstan - umdlali ebalulekileyo yehlabathi kwimarike yegolide. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-170 emasimini.

Industry Metallurgical of Kazakhstan kunye nayo yaphuhliswa Zinjengeqhezu imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada. RK - phakathi iinkokeli zehlabathi kwi zabelo zonke iintlobo ezifanelekileyo. Inxalenye ebonakalayo kweendawo ihlelwa ifumaneka lula. Imiqulu ephambili ekrwada intsimbi kuveliswa RK kwamanye amazwe.

Insimbi - phakathi kwamasebe zamashishini of Kazakhstan, leyo iseke ubuhlobo obukhulu kunye neenkampani Russian. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba uninzi lwale zonxibelelwano ezifanelekileyo awawenza nkqu eSoviet Union. Phakathi kwamashishini Kazakhstan SSR kunye RSFSR oko wayisa exchange esebenzayo zempahla ekrwada, intsimbi, kwakunye okusilelayo. Ngeendlela ezininzi imbalelwano ezifanelekileyo nangoku isiphumo. Kukho zonke ngamathuba ekomelezeni ngakumbi - kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba Russia, Kazakhstan ngoku kungenzeka ukuba ube adidiyelwe ngokwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi EAEC.

Amafutha kunye Industry Petrochemical

Ishishini ioli Kazakhstan - yenye ebalulekileyo candelo kuqoqosho karhulumente. E Kazakhstan zavelisa uluhlu olubanzi imveliso uhlobo ahambelanayo - ipetroli, idizili kunye neoli kwamafutha, separafini, eyama kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeoli. Eli candelo ezikufutshane uphuhliso ingxenye petrochemical. Country uvelisa iintlobo-ntlobo zeplastiki, imicu, amavili.

Ingakumbi kuphuhliso lwamashisini oyile ku Kazakhstan - kukuba ngumzekelo ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo kwamashishini karhulumente kunye nawabucala. kushishino kwamafutha of Kazakhstan imelwe iinkampani kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa amashishini amancinane naphakathi. nabo luthatha inxaxheba lusenza negalelo kuphuhliso lwamashisini oyile Kazakhstan i-ukuthatha abatyali amaninzi amazwe. Ishishini amafutha e Kazakhstan uhlala ubenomtsalane amashishini ukusuka eRashiya kunye namanye amazwe ye-EAEC, amazwe yasentshona.

engineering

zobunjineli Mechanical - omnye umzekelo esindilekileyo amashishini ka Kazakhstan. Urhulumente kuvelisa izixhobo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, oomatshini, iimpompo. ishishini lokwakha umatshini Enterprises Kazakhstan basebenzisana ngokukhutheleyo ukutyala amazwe - Russian, Western, abameli EAEC - zokutsala imali. zobunjineli Mechanical e Kazakhstan lakhula ngesantya uvalo phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2000, abanye ukwehla waba kwentlekele ka-2008-2009. Kodwa ubunzima zonganyelwe, kwaye ngoku ishishini efanelekileyo - kubandakanywa inxalenye nzile uqoqosho karhulumente.

obunjineli boomatshini kwiRiphabliki Kazakhstan - kwishishini na isithembiso ebalulekileyo ngokunxulumene phambi umthamo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo - ukususela kwimihla eSoviet Union, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe. Ngoku ke isabelo kwicandelo elichaphazelekayo kuqoqosho Kazakhstan lincinane, kuba izihlandlo eziliqela kunguhata, ingakumbi, izikhombisi Russian. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke nomtsalane ngempumelelo investment ukuze ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa Dynamics imveliso lwamashishini zobunjineli yokugaya Kazakhstan.

imveliso ye zokwakha

Ukuveliswa zokwakha - omnye umzekelo koshishino yimpumelelo, nto leyo bubonakaliswe shishino ka Kazakhstan. Urhulumente uvelisa isamente, imibhobho, nophahla, ilinoliyam, iiphaneli ezahlukeneyo, iiseramikhi kunye nezinye iimveliso. Umthamo iphambili zokwakha amashishini of Kazakhstan eveliswe ngeendleko isiseko kazwelonke.

Ukukhutshwa izinto zokwakha e Kazakhstan - aphakathi amacandelo kakhulu linamandla. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ngo-2013 kuveliswe uhlobo ahambelanayo kwemveliso ku Kazakhstan, ngokutsho kwabanye, iye luphindiwe. Ukwehla, ke, kuxhomekeke yokungenisa iinkampani Kazakhstani. Government kunye zoshishino ziye zachongwa imiyalelo emitsha ukuze uphuhliso oluqhubekayo shishino. Oku kubalwa ukuba esi sikhokelo iinkqubo ezikhoyo ezintsha ziya kuxhaswa iinkampani eziphambili ingxenye.

imboni chemical

kushishino chemical Kazakhstan nayo ibalulekile kuqoqosho karhulumente. Phakathi phambili ingxenye yayo - imveliso phosphorus. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, Kazakhstan - phakathi iinkokeli market ico yokukhululwa kwakhe. Kwakhona, amashishini amakhulu asebenza kweli lizwe, benza kwimveliso iikhompawundi chromium, iipeyinti kunye ivanishi.

Ubume kokuthunyelwa kwishishini ngemichiza Kazakhstan kukuba esilawulwa iimveliso of chemistry ezingaphiliyo, nto leyo luphawulwa amazinga aphantsi mda zobugcisa. Kwakhona walondoloza sixhomekeke ebambekayo Kazakhstan ngokuphathelele zorhwebo imveliso yemichiza. It benamandla, ke, iimveliso eliphezulu-zobugcisa - nezichumiso, izicoci, iiplastiki. Ngenxa yoko, ushishino chemical iSebe Kazakhstan ngamandla ebalulekileyo maxesha. Ingakumbi - kule nkalo wokumelana import.

ishishini elihambisayo ukutya

Ishishini kutya Kazakhstan - iphakathi ziqwempu abaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho. Isabelo nakolu isakhiwo shishino eziphantsi processing ingqolowa ezifanelekileyo, ukuveliswa kobisi, isonka, inyama, iziqhamo kunye imifino, umsebenzi amafutha neoli kwamashishini. iimfuno kakhulu ukudla RK. Oku kusengaphambili ukukhula ngakumbi kwicandelo njengoko isixhobo sorhwebo.

A indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamashisini ukutya Kazakhstan kananjalo urhulumente eli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni Kazakh liphuhlise inkqubo elikhulu-scale sixhasa abavelisi basekhaya. Isikakhulu, loo mali, ukuncitshiswa kwenzala kwimali-mboleko corporate, uncedo ekufumaneni ii-asethi ezisisigxina. Kulindeleke ukuba ngexesha ukuphunyezwa wamaphulo afanelekileyo-arhente karhulumente ukuxhasa amashishini eziliqela zezigidi Tenge iza kutyalwa. Kwakhona kulungisa ezinye izibonelelo imithetho yerhafu ukwenzela ukwandisa intsebenziswano ukutya kunye karhulumente namashishini kule inkalo kolwabiwo mali.

imboni ukukhanya

kushishino Ukukhanya of Kazakhstan nayo yaphuhliswa. Ngokusisiseko, ukuba limelwe mveliso ezisebenza kwicandelo zomqhaphu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nezidingo zemakethi domestic Kazakhstan iphezulu kakhulu nemiba yangoku kwemveliso iimveliso kushishino ukukhanya. Malunga ne-90% yemveliso efanelekileyo ku Kazakhstan engenayo. Ngelo xesha, ukuze zokusombulula ingxaki endaweni sokungenisa, kuyimfuneko, njengoko kuchaziwe yi abezoqoqosho, ukubonelela izinga eliphezulu kokhuphiswano shishino. Resources for oku, kunjalo. Inyaniso yokuba ushishino ukukhanya Kazakhstan iphawulwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo mihla, onikezelwa yi yemiyinge jikelele ekhokelayo, ngoxa kwezinye iinxalenye ezininzi shishino uphelelo asethi ezifanelekileyo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Kwaphawula ingxaki eziphawula ezinye ziqwempu ezivelisa kuqoqosho Kazakhstan Noko ke, ngaba akanakuhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo karhulumente namashishini, wagqiba - kunye nezinye iingxaki okuluphawu koshishino Kazakhstan.

Cinga lo mba, kwakunye namathuba ophuhliso ngakumbi kumacandelo emveliso weRiphabliki Kazakhstan.

Iingxaki kunye namathemba eshishini Kazakhstan

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba Kazakhstan i-ngezigaba ezininzi iphawulwa kwinqanaba lezikolo mali ukuphelwa lixabiso. Le ngxaki ivunyiwe noluntu loshishino kunye norhulumente, ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo ukuze kuthatyathwe isigqibo lwazo ngempumelelo. Enye ingxaki oluphawula kumacandelo emveliso ye-Republic of Kazakhstan - ukusetyenziswa aphantsi kakhulu kwamandla. Ichaphazela ikakhulu kwimveliso. I iyonke Inqanaba RK amashishini zeteknoloji mveliso rated phantsi ukuya kwimveliso phambili kumazwe aseNtshona.

umba ophawulekayo ingathunyelwa ngokusebenzisa inani lamanyathelo ezinkulu - ezifana, ngokomzekelo, inkqubo karhulumente "Performance 2020". Ufuna ukuxhasa amashishini akhoyo, kwakunye nokuvulwa izibonelelo ezitsha kwimveliso. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo inkampani, emele ezahlukeneyo Kazakhstan banokuzuza inkxaso yoluntu. Ukuze benze oku, kufuneka ubonise ukuba, okokuqala, kukho isicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso, kwaye okwesibini - umnqweno kunye nezibonelelo okwaziyo ukugcina ukuthotyelwa zemisebenzi karhulumente kolawulo ngokwala maxesha kwezoqoqosho.

ngokuba uphuhliso Kazakhstan umsebenzi kushishino

Phambi kokuba urhulumente RK lijongene inani lemisebenzi engxamisekileyo, ngaphandle apho uphuhliso ngempumelelo koshishino Kazakhstan ukuphumeza nzima. Siye sifunde Okukodwa zabo.

Okokuqala, urhulumente kufuneka ibe umgaqo-nkqubo kwixesha elide kwicandelo loshishino, ekufuneka kugxininisa kumaphulo kuphela oorhulumente, kodwa loshishino kunye nezangqa zenzululwazi. Le misebenzi kufuneka ibhekiswe yotshintsho noshowo kwamashishini industrial kwiRiphabliki Kazakhstan.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamashisini e Kazakhstan - maxesha zobugcisa. Kuthathwa ukuba iya kwenziwa ngaxeshanye phezu ezininzi eziliqela kwamashishini amakhulu. Baya kucalula ngenkqubela yotshintsho, iingxaki ezinokuba uzalisekiso lwayo, yaye ngokwesiseko data kuya kuhlenga inkqubo "Performance 2020". A indima ebalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwalo msebenzi uza kudlala kwizifundiswa.

maxesha industrial Kazakhstan i-kukwafuna uqeqesho lwabasebenzi abatsha - ingakumbi kwinkalo yolawulo. ulawulo ngobuchule - ngumba ophambili impumelelo yalo naliphi na ishishini. asethi ezinkulu High-zobugcisa - le yenye nje iimeko. Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuba intloko eyomeleleyo kwabalawuli abanoxanduva kunye nobungcali kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, umba nokuqeqesha abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba nayo kwinkalo kweendawo ngqo imveliso kwishishini. Lufuna iinjineli abanamava abanobuchule, ekwaziyo zokuqinisekisa inxaxheba ngempumelelo izinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Kufuneka ziingcali semisebenzi imveliso ethile.

Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo "Performance 2020" ku Kazakhstan kuyimfuneko yokuqinisa ulwabiwo kakuhle kwezibonelelo zemali. umthwalo mali kwi State malunga noku kufuneka ube nengqiqo, ukwenzela ukutsala abatyali nakho amashishini abucala - ukusebenza ku Kazakhstan, eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe EAEC, amazwe yasentshona.

Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba yotshintsho yoshishino lwe Kazakhstan uya kufuna engaphezulu ekuphuculeni ukufundiswa kwe-sikhokelo esemthethweni nezolawulo elawula umsebenzi amashishini kwisigaba ahambelanayo. Oku kungaquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lweemiba msebenzi zoshishino - ukwenza izivumelwano yoluntu-zomthetho, izivumelwano kunye namaqabane angaphandle, izivumelwano utyalo-mali, amalungelo yengqondo, etc ...

Iingcali balindele ukuba urhulumente ROK uza kuqinisekisa uphuhliso olunokubakho mveliso, hayi nje kuphela kweli kwiindawo zemveli imveliso yelizwe, kodwa ezinye iindawo kuyo, apho lo gama nje lwee- amashishini kwimizi lincinane noko, kodwa amathuba ukwakha izibonelelo ezitsha kukho eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, kulindeleke ukuba uphuhliso ngeke nje koshishino Central Kazakhstan, kodwa amashishini mimandla, kodwa usesemva ekungeneni kwi inani leendawo mveliso kunye umthamo iimveliso zabo.