IL-476: iinkcukacha Technical, amafutha, iifoto

Aircraft kwilizwe lethu iingcambu ezendeleyo kunye nembali elizukileyo kakhulu. Ingakumbi zimphathe ukubukela, njengoko kunjalo ngoku moya Russian ngokufuthi axhomekeke ngokuqinileyo phezu nabathengisi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngethamsanqa, yonke enye iye ithathe umgaqo-nkqubo kwixesha elindelwe ngayo ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo sokungena kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kodwa xa kukho ingxaki ngokudala-moya sakho ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zabo.

Kude kube kamva nje, lo msebenzi lwaqhutywa ngentsebenziswano ne-CB Ukrainian "isemoyeni" kodwa ukuba baqhubeke ngale ngamashishini ngokuya kuba nzima. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, emkhosini Russian engonelisekanga kwicala Ukrainian ezinxulumene nonikezelo kunye nophuhliso. Beka nje, phantse elishumi iminyaka, "isemoyeni" kwaye ningazisondezi ngokwesiseko entsha.

Kungekudala emva koko, urhulumente wethu wanika ekuqaleni ngokusesikweni kwinkqubo yayo, isiphumo ekufuneka ibe moya yothutho imveliso entsha ngokupheleleyo zasekhaya IL-476. Ngoku umsebenzi indalo yayo swing ngokupheleleyo.

Malunga ukulungiswa kunye nezinye izinto

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngumqolo we-moya zothutho zomkhosi yoluntu kwilizwe lethu yaba Il-76 ubudala, nto leyo njengelifa eSoviet Union. -Moya yokuqala yale iklasi ngegama uziphose ngoMeyi 5, 1973. Production lwaqhutywa ixesha elide kwi-Tashkent moya izityalo. Imbali zemveliso yenziwa yiminyaka ezimalunga nama-40. Total wakwazi ukuba iqokelele malunga newaka le mishini, kwaye malunga nekhulu babo bathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.

Kodwa izinto zanamhlanje bacebisa nokudalwa koomatshini becala ezahlukeneyo, ibe banzi, kunye kuluhlu elide. Enyanisweni, njengokuba kudala njengoko 1989, ngoko nangoko emva kweli phulo Afghanistan, inkokheli yiSoviet ekugqibeleni naqiniswa ngokoluvo imfuneko ukuvelisa lo moya. Ngokubanzi, ukuqalisa imveliso-moya yala maxesha real kakhulu, ukususela malunga nexesha elinye, isityalo sele zifakiwe ukuveliswa, amafutha-efanelekileyo iinjini ezintsha PS-90A. Kodwa ngoxa e Tashkent ukuseka imveliso yawo zange baphumelele.

Ukufakwa lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo

Ngoko ke yintoni eyenza entsha IL-476? Abaninzi. Okokuqala, iingcali endaweni phantse ngokupheleleyo iphiko. I-injini latest PS-90A-76 kwamanye amalwimi ezifakiweyo. lugxile wabo 14.500 kg (ingami), kunye ukusebenza ephakamileyo nge-12-15%. Nale uluhlu kuye kwaphucula kanye ukuba amawaka amahlanu leekhilomitha. Kwaye yintoni ke-IL 476 fuel ukusetyenziswa? Yena 0,59 kg / kg · h, nto leyo ngaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu imoto yangaphambili.

Crew abantu abahlanu. Ethwele umthamo yeenketho ezintsha kuqikelelwa kwiitoni ezingama-60, nto leyo ukugcina kakhulu amafutha kunye nezibonelelo zemali ukuze athwale impahla ngakumbi moya ezimbalwa.

Babalekela le intuthuzelo!

Kwilizwe lethu, entsha IL-476 yaba moya wokuqala zothutho emkhosini, ebonelela kwinqanaba esinengqondo wentuthuzelo ukuba abasebenzi xa ibhabha. Ngoko ke, apha kukho kumgxobhozo epheleleyo kunye yangasese. Uyavuma ukuba umgama ubuninzi ngohambo amawaka amahlanu eekhilomitha, ezi nkcukacha zibaluleke kakhulu!

Yokunxiba Igumbi ibekwe kwigumbi ekhethekileyo esitywiniweyo, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi gumbi phambili-moya. Ukubana iklip itanki inkunkuma eziphilayo kweelitha 28. Enyanisweni, oku kunokunganeli ukuba indiza olunye, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno enqanaweni kunye paratroopers ezimbalwa. Ezesizwe kabini-emngangathweni loguqulelo IL-476 (umfanekiso ezikhoyo kweli nqaku) ntli ukuya ku ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu emoyeni ukuze afakelwa ezimbini Itanki olongezelelweyo iilitha 80 nganye.

Ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba afake azisayi kufumaneka ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo yangasese, ukususela ngokutsho imithetho ngeli xesha akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba eyenziwe ibhendi ukukhusela lounge. Kodwa ezazihamba ezihamba imigama (kunye emkhosini okanye ukwenza umsebenzi yokwenene zilwe) ukubaluleka kwale ezintsha kunzima ukuba zazi. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa yangasese kuya kubakho lonke ixesha moya ngaphandle ngexesha kokwenyuka kunye kokwehla.

Nangona "yangasese" umxholo aze akhangele imbono lokuqala serious, amagqala VDV khumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka sinyamezele iintsuku. Impilo la madoda aya kudla kubonakala kakubi kakhulu, ngoko ke phulo labavelisi moya Russian kule intsimi ufanelwe lonke udumo.

Lemvelo - kuqala!

Ukungqinelana neemfuno kwiminyaka yakutshanje, mninzi umsebenzi osele wenziwe kummandla zokunciphisa ingxolo ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera. Ngenxa yoko,-IL 476 ihambisana nemigangatho ICAO yakutshanje. Oku ngoko nangoko ukuba "izulu livulekile" moya entsha kuphela phantse zonke moya zasekhaya, kodwa kwicala yaseYurophu. Brussels kudala ukugxeka moya zethu ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu ingxolo, kodwa ngoku le ngxaki sele lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.

Isimanga, kodwa nkqu iziganeko ye-90 ngexesha na inciphise kuphela phantsi uphuhliso projekthi, kodwa bayeke nto. Xa kowama-2000, urhulumente omtsha ugqibe ukuba akhawulezise kakhulu umsebenzi kwi-moya entsha. Sele ekuqaleni kuka-2007 siye saqalisa umsebenzi wolungiselelo ukuze kuqale moya lwemveliso kolandelayo Ulyanovsk.

Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa kumatshini

izicwangciso zangoku

Kwenziwa izicwangciso zokuba ngo 2020 iSebe lezoKhuselo uya kufumana omtsha IL-476 ngaphantsi kwama 39. Kutshanje, bendiza bathi ukuba sihlelwe ukuphumeza moya ukuze kuphuculwe rhoqo umatshini Il-76MD-90A, nto leyo eya ekugqibeleni ukuchonga ukuphelisa zonke iziphene kunokwenzeka kubume. Awu, lo moya Il-476 usenalo iingxaki ezithile ukuba njengelifa imodeli wangaphambili. Phambi kokuqala lwemveliso uthotho intswelo yabo ukuchonga utho- enyanzelekileyo.

zihanjiswe of engines

Kuvakala ukuba njengangoku ukunika ukuba sele ukulungiselela iinjini ubuncinane 156 PS-90A-76, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba luzakufakwa moya entsha. Indleko yale mvumelwano (ngokutsho kunyaka ophelileyo) kune uphawu lezigidi zeerandi US. zihanjiswe zabo ngendlela kwakufanele iqale kwasekuqaleni kunyaka ophelileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, yonke into waya ngokuchanekileyo ngokwendlela ngokweshedyuli.

Development kunye nendibano iinjini eyayibanjwe Perm Engine Plant, eseyiphantse kususela kwimini eyasekwayo ancedisane kushishino lweenqwelo nakwizigqeba umkhosi. Ngamafutshane, le ngumlimi uyazi kakuhle yeemeko ezithile kufuneka ngokuqinileyo ukumelana zonke iimveliso zayo.

Uzinzo nokusingatha!

Nceda uqaphele ukuba owandulela lo imoto entsha, lo moya Il-76MD-90A kuqala Yaphaphazela kwiminyaka nje emibini eyadlulayo. Ndlwana yaba crew onamava kakhulu, owayalela Hero of Russia UNikolai Kuimov. Emoyeni, indiza kanye iyure-1 nemizuzu engama-55. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi wavuma ukuba umatshini omtsha une uzinzo ngeranti efanelekileyo, yokuphatha yayo akazange abe ngokupheleleyo akukho zikhalazo.

Ngo-Oktobha waloo nyaka-moya lowo kuqala wababalwa uMongameli Russia, uVladimir Putin. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla, yaye zisayinwe inkulu ngelo xesha yesivumelwano phakathi umlimi kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo, ukuya ku-2020 umkhosi kufuneka afumane phantsi kanye 39 Il-476, ogama iimpawu yayithanda kakhulu emkhosini. Ixabiso lekhontrakthi yaba kanye 140 billion engange. A isipho esikhulu imboni yasekhaya, apho abasemagunyeni kwiminyaka edlulileyo akazange abalibali oda ekulu!

Iimvavanyo moya wokuqala

-Moya yokuqala-IL 476 yaba iimvavanyo moya epheleleyo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngokutsho iziphumo zabo umatshini yathatyathwa ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo nazo zonke iimfuno zabathengi. olunye uvavanyo kwakunye lwenye yenziwa kwisiza, ephethwe yi "Ila". Ngehlobo lowe-2013 aziwa entsha moya imithwalo yasekhaya okokuqala wavela phambi kokuba abathengi basemzini. Kwathi maks odumileyo.

NgoJuni kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-yokuqala IL-476, iimpawu ezo enikwe kweli nqaku, ekugqibeleni kunatyiselwa le yokuma ukuze ibandla. ibhokisi Iphiko iye ihlolwe kwaye icandelo iziko ngenxa itywina kwabo ngokupheleleyo (usebenzisa fuel). Emva koko, phantse ukulungele-moya waqalisa ukupeyinta. Apha kulo ezinye ngakumbi, yaye uxabisa yokumisa, njengoko le nkqubo iye kakhulu apha naphaya kwi-moya entsha Russian.

Ulwazi malunga umbala fuselage

Inyaniso kukuba okokuqala kwimbali moya Russian ziye zasetyenziswa wayesebenzisa yasekhaya ET-69 kunye ET-71-uhlobo lyu. ngokukodwa ukupeyinta siqulunqwe lweziko lophando (Aircraft Materials) ngokukodwa ukuba IL-476. Production uvelisa akukho ziyabuyiseleka (ngokwamandulo kusetyenziswa idayi), kunye ngepeyinti Mat.

Kuyinto isasazwa ngcono ecaleni fuselage, yahlukile iipropati ephakamileyo ekukhuseleni izinto yezindlu nxamnye imichiza ndlongondlongo. Ukongeza, idayi ukuba ngenkankulu abraded. Ekubeni abasebenzi zothutho basoloko ukubhabha kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukuze zazi ukubaluleka ezintsha loo nto ayinakwenzeka.

Kwi i "nemvelaphi yakhe"

-Moya yokuqala akazange ipeyinti kuphela, esele ivunyiwe kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo; kodwa igama elifanelekileyo "Ulyanovsk". Igama City kunye ingubo ziye ngokukhethekileyo isicelo ngqo empumlweni emotweni. Yonke moya elandelayo yale ngcelele icetyelwe ukuba abele amagama abo bantu kakhulu, nto leyo ekhaya ukuya kummandla Ulyanovsk.

Yintoni eyahlukileyo owayephambi yaso? pilot Uluvo test

New IL-476, iimpawu ezo zipeyintwe ngokweenkcukacha kwinqaku bekujongiwe buyo lwe ezahlukeneyo impahla ngeenjongo iliso kwaye emkhosini, yaye ukuba ukuthutha izixhobo ukubetha emanzini, kuquka izithuthi esingazihlabeliyo IFV ukukhanya. Ngokwemo, enikelweyo ithuba lokuba athathe kwibhodi kwisithuba abantu alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu abasebenzi.

moya Modern kunye nezixhobo navigation ( "iglasi moya") unako kakhulu ukunciphisa crew omninzi, yandise kunene jikelele kwaye iqinisekise ngokhuseleko eliphezulu moya. Emsebenzini, kukho iqela isalathiso esasihamba lobuqu ebonisa idata moya ubalulekileyo ngexesha lenene.

Oleg Ganovich, ngubani na pilot test ngobuchule, ngokunjalo ithi umahluko inqanawa Ukrainian An-70 kunye Il-476: "Xa ke iinjini ezintsha run-up zinika ukukhawulezisa elihle, naye ibetheke ezintsha reverse apho emva isantya kokwehla kwenziwa njalo ngokukhawuleza. Thandiwe izalathisi ezintsha ezibonisa izinga kokwenyuka ... ngabaqhubi kunye iinjineli ngoku kufuneka izalathi zazo flight, ezinceda kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ukuze enze izigqibo nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima. "

zibe lula

Ngamafutshane, le entsha moya yezothutho IL-476 inceda oogxa bakhe uya kufumana uze ufunde ulwazi sendiza navigation. Isithuba lwamabala-moya-isizukulwana esitsha kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye phantse ngaphandle Impazamo ukuqonda nasiphi na imozulu, endleleni phezu kwazo zonke iindidi elimi ngayo. Xa umatshini yangaphambili konke sasebenza kuphela co-umqhubi, umthwalo apho maxa wambi lakhula kakhulu.

Ngoku ndlwana-IL 476 (isithombe kwiphepha) iye Iimpawu ezininzi kangangokuba yonke le nkcazelo iyafumaneka kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi elilinge, ukuba akanayo imfuneko ukuphazanyiswa thethwano kunye Umatiloshe.

Wonke umsebenzi kwi-moya lwasekhaya lwaqhutywa kuphela nge-elektroniki, kwi izixhobo zekhompyutha ezintsha kunye neenkqubo ezizodwa. Konke oku kuye ukuba ukunciphisa amathuba iimpazamo zoyilo kunye iimpazamo. Ngokubanzi, izixhobo yakudala, leyo isasetyenziswa nangoku kushishino moya yasekhaya, izahlulo amaninzi entsha yale uyilo moya kunye nokuveliswa nje ngqiqweni.

Imeko yangoku kwisityalo yemveliso

Okwangoku, "Aviastar-SP" uphuhliso lwamashishini apho moya entsha iya ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa, kuntingela. Kuvakala ukuba namhlanje ibandla hangars kukho ezili-13 izithuthi zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ibandla. Urhulumente ubekele ithagethi ukuba umba ubuncinane 18 moya ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngaphandle ziyaphindaphindwa moya 39 umkhosi, emkhosini ufuna uku-odola iimoto ezingama-50.

Ukongeza, umdla indlela entsha okuboniswa ngabameli Ministry of Iimeko zikaxakeka, esele uceba ukuthenga malunga ezintandathu moya. Njengabameli zesityalo, oko izicwangciso ukuthenga ezinye amasebe yoMphathiswa Interior kunye FSB, kwakunye nenani abathengi basemzini.

Ukongeza, le mveliso unalo iseti epheleleyo kunye nokulungiswa An-124-100 "Ruslan", nto leyo kweli lizwe lethu lisekhona kakhulu. Hi mpimo lowutsongo yavelisa Tu-204SM. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukuba kubekho lweshishini-ukukhululwa amandla entsha MS-21. Ngamafutshane, isityalo kufuneka ga imiyalelo ngokwaneleyo. Ndiyavuya ukuba inkoliso yabo iza kuqinisa yokhuselo ilizwe lethu.