Eyona eziphambili ze-nkqubo zezimali

inkqubo yezimali isethi amanyathelo athile, iintlobo kunye neendlela efuthe kumgaqo neziphumo zokusebenza kunye neendlela zokusasaza kwemali. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo-nkqubo yezemali, kodwa ziyangqinelana-siseko engundoqo:

• ukuxhomekeka zonke uqoqosho;
• ukufezekisa iimfuno onke amacandelo oluntu;
• i indima edlalwe yi kweenjongo zeqhinga kunye amaqhinga kufuneka ibe ukuphumeza kuzo;
• yokuthobela imimiselo yomthetho yangoku lizwe.

Kwinqanaba soqoqosho, inkqubo yemali - sisixhobo apho ukuzinzisa izinga lokukhula koqoqosho, nobudlelwano ngamazwe. Eneneni, ngenxa ulwabiwo eyiyo kwezibonelelo kwishishini uhlala ebekelwe bucala, oko ingasetyenziswa ukuphucula imeko yangoku yombutho, ingakumbi, uphuhliso lobudlelwane namaqabane angaphandle.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo nkqubo ngezezimali;

1. Classical.
2. Neoclassical.
3. Qondisa.
4. Ucwangciso kunye nolawulo.

nkqubo Classical usekelwe ukugwetywa abezopolitiko, njengoko uAdam Smith kunye noDavide Ricardo. Oku kuquka ukususa ngokupheleleyo imeko rhwebo, oko kukuthi, urhulumente akuyiphazamisi kwimicimbi yabathengisi, ngaloo ndlela ukufikelela inkululeko emarikeni. Kakade ke, kule nkalo, ngokubonakalayo umda amagunya karhulumente kwaye inciphise inkcitho inxenye. A ingeniso kwakhona ngeendleko inkqubo yerhafu, kwaye imali rhoqo.

Iintlobo ezahluka-nkqubo zemali ziye zaphuhliswa amanani abalaseleyo kwezoqoqosho. Enye yazo nkqubo yolawulo ye Keynes. Waqiqa ngelithi urhulumente unyanzelekile ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiimalike nokulawula usebenzisa izixhobo ezithile zemali. Emva koko, lo hlobo-nkqubo karhulumente iye kuchaphazela kunye nemiba yezentlalo yommiselo karhulumente. Ngako oko, utshintsho kunye nemigaqo zobalo. Umzekelo, oku lubafumana phambili xa kubalwa i irhafu yengeniso. A indima enkulu wabelwa ukuya kwindawo ezibolekisa, kwaye noboleka kurhulumente, ngaloo ndlela ekufezekiseni ulungelelwano kweentlawulo kuvuselele. Oko kukuthi, onesiphumo ngentsilelo mali , wayifulela yi mboleko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula enye into ebalulekileyo enxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo yolawulo kwicandelo lolawulo lwemali: umzimba zokusuphavayiza omnye yahlulwe yaba ziiyunithi eziliqela ezizimeleyo.

ingqiqo Neoclassical ivumela ungenelelo uluntu kwaye uqaphela ukuba ilingane, kodwa ubeka imida. Bekucingelwa ukuba uqoqosho kunye kwicandelo loluntu kufuneka iqulunqwe ngokuzimeleyo. Kuqeqesho ucime ngokwahlukileyo nokulawulwa kwezi ndawo ziye zanda ukususela urhulumente waqalisa ukusebenzisa ezinye izixhobo zemali kuphela, ukongeza esele ikhona, kubandakanywa ukusekwa izinga lotshintshiselwano kunye uhlengahlengiso esilevini izibambiso kunye neemveliso kokokunyanzelwa kuqala. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba lula umthwalo werhafu, ingakumbi abemi ephantsi-mali.

Kumazwe ne kuqoqosho yolawulo-umyalelo busetyenzisiwe ukucwangcisa-myalelo uhlobo nkqubo. Wayecinga umthetho olawula ngurhulumente phezu zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu. Naziphi na izinto zokuvelisa ziye ephethwe ngurhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, oorhulumente baye bafuna ukuba ingqalelo zonke izibonelelo zemali onazo zabo. A imali kwenziwe ngokungqinelana kunye noqikelelo engqongqo ayesekelwe isicwangciso-qhinga jikelele. Guide inxalenye kwezimali ngokupheleleyo ephethwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali, kugqiba neemfuno zabemi kunye yokwaba imali inkcitho yentlalo. Abadla bodwa akunika kuzo zonke iinkalo kobudlelwane zemarike, kubandakanywa amaxabiso kunye nenkqubo ngetyala.

Ungakhetha ezi ntlobo-nkqubo yezemali, njengoko uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, amasiko, irhafu, utyalo-mali, ityala, imali, amaxabiso kunye nezinye. uhlobo nganye ivavanywa utshintsho ngokuxhomekeke ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile. Ngokuphathelele kungasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo nkqubo mali, yaye nganye kuzo uchaza amagunya athile karhulumente. Kodwa injongo yayo ephambili ukuzinzisa imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe nokuphucula ntle yabemi.