Zingaphi ithi India: i icandelo lolawulo kweli lizwe

Abantu abaninzi nako ukuphendula umbuzo othi: "Zingaphi ithi India» kwicandelo lolawulo ichaza isakhiwo federal karhulumente. INdiya 29 ithi kunye nakwimimandla njengoko 7, zithathwa ukuba kumanyana. Inani leeyunithi yolawulo nazo zibandakanya i-National Capital Territory of Delhi. India kwimephu yehlabathi - oku yimeko federal apho lithi Sabuya umsantsa phakathi kwizithili. Ngalinye lithi ziye urhulumente zabo, oqeshwe kunyulwa (urhulumente wakhe inokuba kwintsimi Union). Malunga iimpawu kwicandelo lolawulo eIndiya, iingxabano umda, iingxaki zolwimi kunye separatism iya kuxoxwa kamva.

nezokuphatha of India

India yaba lilizwe elizimeleyo ngo-1947, owayesakuba thanga leBritani yahlulwa India nasePakistan efanelekileyo, ngokungqinelana kunye nonqulo yabemi. Phantsi komGaqo-siseko omtsha, eli lizwe wabonakala mabini anesithoba ithi. Ahlukana aya ngokweendidi ezintathu: A, B na C. In kurhulumente, kukho iindidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Ngowe-1956, eli lizwe wadlula umthetho ekuthi ngawo ukwahlulwa zolawulo kwaba ihlelwe. iindidi simiso bayiyeka, kwaye ukuba uyazibuza, "Zingaphi ithi e-Indiya", impendulo sele ukwazi, ngokusekelwe le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla. Umda Iiyunithi zolawulo wayezimisele ngokungqinelana nolwimi kunye neendawo yobuhlanga.

abasebenzi lolawulo in India

Xa urhulumente abasemagunyeni zayo linoxanduva lolawulo kunye kwegunya lowiso-mthetho. Ngaphezu bonke lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni kwizikhundla - irhuluneli, lowo omiselwe iminyaka emihlanu. Ukuba izibandakanye kuyo uluhlu lukarhulumente, nelawulwa yi-iNkulumbuso. Le yokugqibela ukhethe evela kumalungu iqela liyifumene abasebenzi yonyulo. Kulo mzekelo, wonke umntu enetsheyimba enye okanye ipalamente bicameral. Ezisezantsi ebizwa "Vidhan Sabha", kunye nemali yayo besukelana ukusuka ePalamente ezingamashumi amathandathu ukuya 500. Uyonyulwa kunyulo jikelele iminyaka emihlanu. Igama, edulusele endlwini epalamente - 'Vidhan Parishad ", kunye namalungu ayo ukusebenza iminyaka emithandathu. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emibini isahlulo sesithathu yamaSekela baphinde bonyulwa. abasebenzi iPalamente ukujamelana nayo nayiphi na imiba sasekhaya, kodwa oko akubandakanyi ulawulo lwe nkqubo angaphandle, ukuzithethelela kunye nomba kurhwebo kunye namanye amazwe, ngenxa yokuba sele kurhulumente eyintloko yelizwe wolawulo.

India kwimephu yehlabathi: Union Territories

Ngokusekelwe kule ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, sele sinako ukufumana ulwazi kwisahlulo olawulo karhulumente. Kodwa bangaphi ithi e-Indiya, ayipheli apho, kuba sohlala kweli lizwe kukho kwakhona lomnqophiso intsimi, ngelixa owokugqibela la mazwe efanayo, njengokuba ithi, yaye zilawulwa kubo ngurhulumente kazwelonke (okanye mandithi amagosa wakupha kuye abathile amandla). Kakade ke, kukho ukuxolelwa. Abanye indawo Union ipalamente yayo, kodwa amandla akhe ubukhulu becala imiqathango, ngoxa iiyunithi ezincinane ephalamende yaye akafuni, njengoko kutshiwo ngasentla.

ingxaki Language in India

Amanye amazwe kunye nemimandla umanyano olubonwa iilwimi ezisemthethweni ukongeza IsiNgesi nesi-Hindi nabo abo uthetha abantu basekuhlaleni kummandla elinikiweyo. Le miba zingachaphazela ingxaki lolwabiwo yolawulo e-India. Umzekelo, ngo-Oktobha 1956 kwi-State of saseMadras, ngokungqinelana nomgaqo kweelwimi yasekwa urhulumente omtsha obizwa Andhra. Noko ke, ukuba eli bali liye alukapheli. NgoNovemba 1956, abasebenzi sele inikezelwe kakade, ekuthiwa Andhra Pradesh, xa intsimi ladityaniswa Andhra Hyderabad. Kodwa oku kuphela ezinxulumene kwiingxaki zolwimi case. Le Mboniselo becala kuchaphazela ithi ezininzi in India. Umdla kulo mba ibali kulwahlulo Punjab ngo-1966. Kwandula ke ngoNovemba, inxalenye laso uthetha kakhulu e-Hindi, ezichongwe kwi urhulumente phantsi igama zilayidi. Le ndawo umda phakathi iyunithi yolawulo entsha Punjab wabhengeza iyuniyoni.

iimbambano umda

Xa 60s zenkulungwane lokugqibela kukho impixano, leyo ibizwa ngokuba umda imfazwe phakathi Indiya kunye neTshayina. Ngokuba umbuso wokuqala ummandla bebangisana baba Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh. Sele kule minyaka ingama-80 urhulumente Indiya iye yaphakamisa ukuba imo karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, i-Chinese namhlanje, yaye zazingalamkeli eli candelo yommandla, kwaye sifune nesokuvuma karhulumente kolawulo lwayo, ethanda kwisivumelwano ungapheleli phakathi British ne Tibet ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Umbuzo lokungena lwabemi amazwe e Arunachal Pradesh ngendlela ezilawulwayo ngocwangco.

Separatism in India

Ukuze benze oku, urhulumente namhlanje nangoku mlonyeni na ingxaki separatism. Ezinye iindawo, ngokutsho-nxaxheba kwezindululo ezinjalo ziya kwabelwa njengoko States ngamnye.

I esebenzayo kakhulu kule nkalo abantu Bodo. E Assam ukuba wayeqhuba impi ukuze kusungulwe indlela Bodopand omtsha karhulumente. Enyanisweni, lo separatism kakhulu engaqhelekanga ukuba imbali yehlabathi. Ngokuba apha ukulwa ayikho kuqhutywa ukuba ukuzimela ummandla, kodwa kuphela kulwenziwo iyunithi yolawulo eyahlukileyo. Ngo-2014, le ngoqhankqalazo njengelizwe elitsha Telengana kwasekwa. Ngaphezu koko, iingxoxo malunga nokuba kwisithili capital share udinga.