Bird - isilwanyana okanye akunjalo? iklasi Birds

Umntu uyakwazi ukuva lo mbuzo: iintaka - ke zizilwanyana okanye akunjalo? Emva kokuhlolisisa bonke iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kule klasi, ungenza ngokuzithemba ukuphendula ngayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Class Birds iquka iintlobo 9,000, adityaniswa superorders zilandelayo: ratites, okanye ephunyezwayo (iinciniba, kiwi), yoonombombiya, okanye ezidadayo (Penguin zinkulu, spectacled, Magellan, zeGalapagos, crested, kunye nabanye), isiqu, okanye iphaphazela (iinkuku, amahobe, oongqatyana , ingekalili kunye nabanye).

Iintaka kwisakhiwo efanayo naleyo ezirhubuluzayo nokumela isebe ngcembe, onako ukuqhelana moya. imilenze yawo engaphambili ebudeni zazivelela uguqulwa ngamaphiko. Intaka lubonakala ngokuba ubushushu bomzimba rhoqo, uphawu ekuyo eziphezulu, ngoko ke, iintaka - izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu. Lo impendulo wokuqala umbuzo "Bird -? Isilwanyana okanye hayi".

Imvelaphi ntaka ezifunekayo ukuze ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo pseudosuchian kunye nesakhiwo efanayo imilenze yangasemva.

Body kunye nesikhumba

umzimba iintaka ngokumila iimeko intloko encinane nentamo mobile elide. Isiqu uphela ngumsila wena.

Isikhumba ibhityile, eyomileyo phantse izi- kwamadlala. Kuphela nje ezimbalwa iintaka (zasemanzini) sibe nobubovu ioli, uvelisa fat-ezifana elihlebo amanzi angangeni. ukubunjwa horny (yezabelo sangaphandle) ziye camera ngomlomo inzipho kukubola iminwe kunye umbhobho ugcwalisa (umzantsi womlenze). Iintsiba nabo zivela ulusu. Zahlula-hlulwe ngamaqela amabini: aya kunye phantsi. Ulinywa, ke, ukuba uvale (ulawulo flight), Makhov (nokugcina intaka emoyeni) kunye zimnyama (imi phezu emzimbeni). Phantsi ulwandlalo ziyawa iintsiba. Zinceda ubushushu umzimba agcine. Xa kuhluma Iintsiba abadala kuwa ngokupheleleyo, kunye nabantu abatsha ikhula endaweni yazo.

Skeleton nenkqubo dystrophy

Xa iintaka skeleton ngakumbi bomelele yaye kulula ngenxa lweHo- bone nomoya. Luquka kula macandelo alandelayo: i womlomo wesibeleko kunye thoracic, empontshwa kunye sacral kunye caudal. Kakhulu na umqolo ezinokususwa wesibeleko ngenxa nobuninzi omqolo. Amalungu omqolo thoracic ke edidekile, kwaye iimbambo ngokuqinileyo nebhere movably idityaniswe kwentamo kunye ubambo umbane ehokweni. Kuba kuthinjwe izihlunu, ebangela amaphiko isindululo, phezu kwentamo kukho kwingqikelelo - le isiqu. Ngenxa ngxubevange empontshwa kunye omqolo sacral kunye caudal inxalenye phakathi bona kunye namathambo zangasese kwakhiwa sacrum ukukhonza angasemva imilenze inkxaso.

Inkqubo dystrophy ziphuhliswa kakuhle iintaka. Kuxhomekeka ukukwazi ukubhabha uphuhliso ethile efikelela isebe elithile. , Xa neentaka ziphaphazele kakuhle aphuhliswe kakuhle izihlunu ukuba yisa amaphiko, nabo baye balahlekelwa eli khono - izihlunu imilenze yangasemva isuke kunye nentamo.

Yokucola ukutya nokulwa excretory

Le nkqubo yokusila luphawulwa kukungabikho amazinyo. Okubamba ephethe ukutya ezakusetyenziswa ngomlomo horny iquka umhlathi. lokutya ngomlomo engena umqala, nasemveni - a kuvuleke iminxunya elide, nto leyo iba pocket-ukukhula (goiter) ukuze athambe. Isiphelo elingasemva kuvuleke iminxunya ivula kungena esiswini, nto leyo yahlulwe kubini, i glandular kunye dystrophy (apho ukutya passes lokugaya ngoomatshini). Yethumbu iqulathe duodenum, apho imibhobho kwesibindi, kunye injeke, kwakunye ezinqeni angamarhoqorhoqo, elifutshane, nesiphelo cesspool. Loo isakhiwo ukhuthaza kususwe ngokukhawuleza intsalela undigested ngaphandle.

Ukhetho amalungu iintaka zidityaniswe izintso ureters, leyo ukuvula kungena cloaca. Ukusuka lomchamo kunye ndle akhutshelwe ngaphandle.

isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

iintaka zemigudu kakhulu aguqulelwe moya. Esebenzisa umoya ngeempumlo kwisisu engena pharynx kunye noqhoqhoqho, leyo esifubeni wahlulwe bronchi ezimbini. Nantsi ibhokisi ilizwi. Kanye emiphungeni, isebe bronchi ngaphandle ngamandla. Imiphunga ngokwabo babe isakhiwo kwaye ziqulathe emininzi nge-kwimibhobho. Ezinye zazo landayo, ukwakha nepokotho umoya, ukuba ibekwe phakathi kwemibutho, izihlunu, yaye amathambo elide lwangaphakathi. Iintaka zidla kabini umoya. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-flight umoya udlula kabini ngokusebenzisa emiphungeni: i owanyayo kwi ngokubethwa iphiko kwaye betekisi ngexesha ukuthoba ngenxa ucinezelo le bhegi.

luvo

Umbutho kwenkqubo ehlise iintaka sinzima kakhulu kwaye efanayo ekuyo ngaphezulu. kwakhona oku unika affirmative impendulo yombuzo "Bird -? isilwanyana okanye" Le nkqubo iqulathe amaqela amabini: ingqondo umnqonqo. Kwicandelo intloko yenziwe kakuhle kwiCerebellum linoxanduva loququzelelo lweentshukumo, kwakunye ikhweyitha ngaphambili kunye ephakathi, uxanduva zokuziphatha ezintsonkothileyo. Umnqonqo yi kakhulu ziphuhliswe emagxeni, empontshwa kunye sacral, enika imisebenzi motor elungileyo. Ezi mpawu kwakhona ukunika indlela affirmative impendulo ecacileyo lo mbuzo "Bird -? Isilwanyana okanye"

Ukuziphatha kwe iintaka isekelwe olungenamiqathango (iziphene) ikhaliphe: isondlo, ukuzala, yokwakha, iqanda ngokubekwa, ukuthandana, ukucula. Mu kuya kwa nshita iklasi izirhubuluzi ukuze iqalise ezikhuselekileyo ezinemiqathango (ezifunyenwe ngethuba ubomi) ikhaliphe, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba inqanaba labo liphezulu zazivelela. Omnye umzekelo ikhaliphe moya unokuba mhaka zifuywe zabo ngempumelelo womntu. Kukholelwa ukuba yintaka - izilwanyana ekulula ndilungise indlela yokuziphatha kwabo kunye nendlela yokuphila endle (zendalo) ezifana yenkcubeko (ikhaya).

kwegazi

AmaBhunga inkqubo yokujikeleza ziintaka, ezifana lomqolo ezininzi ephakamileyo, imelwe ezine-zawo intliziyo equlathe atrial (2) kunye ventricles (2), kwakunye imithambo yegazi. igazi yabo ngokupheleleyo abe lwemithambo kunye umfutho. Isebenza ejikelezayo ezimbini (ezincinane nezinkulu).

buphindwe

Iintaka - izilwanyana dioecious kunye kwinkqubo kunye aphuhlileyo kakhulu yokuziphatha ukusukelwa, ukuzala usebenzisa amaqanda ze anyamekele kuyo.

Konke oku kungentla iinkcukacha -end ukunika impendulo article lo mbuzo "Bird - isilwanyana okanye akunjalo?" Kakade ke, iintaka zizilwanyana.