Ore zezobhedu. Eziqaphelekayo kwimbali yoluntu

Enye intsimbi yokuqala, ethe wafunda ukusebenza ndoda nobhedu, okanye Latin Cuprum (Cu). indima yakhe kuphuhliso lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu nje akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubaxa: a elithile yonke kwimbali ebizwa ngokuba "Ibronzi Age" (yobhedu - i intsila of tin nangobhedu). Ukufumana olu ezintle oluthambileyo (umbala ubhedu - epinki segolide) bafunda BC. Amazwi "bornite", "chalcopyrite", "chalcocite", "covelline", "enargite", "cuprite" iyalila igama into engaqhelekanga, kodwa enyanisweni ukuze ngokuba ezinye ores yobhedu yawo. Umthombo olu yaba ore yobhedu.

Kwindalo, Cuprum lube ngokohlobo zamani nokumila iikhompawundi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ekrwada zobhedu, apho ukwakheka lungohlulwa lube emanzini, oxidized kunye exutyiweyo. ore copper Ngokuqhelekileyo sinzima, oko iqulethe ezinye izinto ezininzi kunye nemixube - sulfides ze lead, izinc, nickel kunye nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, kumafa yayo, kukho izinto umkhondo - selenium, tellurium, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, indium, nezinto ezinjengezo. Xa iindleko lwezi methali azikho ngaphantsi kwe-50% of Cuprum, acatshulwe eliweni.

Le ores emanzini ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo oquka Cu ambaxa isalfure. imveliso copper ezingeyomfuneko iqulathe izigaba ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Indlela ephambili kwimveliso yayo yi pyrometallurgical.

ore ubhedu Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe isixa ezingephi Cuprum, ngoko hlobo ngaphambili phantsi zokuxhobisa. Ukulungiselela le njongo kubhaliwe ungacolwanga, ezixutywe namanzi kunye into ethile ekhethekileyo, yaye ke ngoko afakwe kumatshini ayinto. Kukho konke, amasuntswana mixed sulphide bavuke kumphezulu njenge isiponji bemka, kwaye inkunkuma luhlala ukuya ezantsi.

Inqanaba elilandelayo processing, nto leyo ethatha esikrwada sobhedu, ebizwa ngokuba "ndiyabanyibilikisa ukuya matte." Ukuze lo mxube safakwa ngomxube wesanti yaye niza kude lobushushu metal yokunyibilikisa le. Nala exposure sulphur ukuba oxidized ukuba sulphur oxide, kwaye etyhidiweyo iqokelelwa kumzantsi eziko. Le zinyibilikile ke obuthelwe converter ngumoya kunye nomoya. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa igcwala ngayo sulphur wafumana ubhedu sisinyithi, eliphalala zibe ngumngundo. Phezu okupholisa ezi etshe (apho umxholo Cu yi 98%) uyakhululwa sulphur dioxide. It iyaqokelelwa ize isetyenziswe feedstock ngenxa kwimveliso sulphuric acid.

Ukuze ufumane i-metal ntumbuluko zobhedu crude ezinqwenelekayo kufuneka phantsi nokusulungekiswa. Kuyinto kweentlobo ezimbini - umlilo, okanye electrodeposition. Yokucokisa nako na isinyithi amanene eziqulethwe kubangela blister yobhedu.

nokwenza umlilo oluqhutywa amaziko ezizodwa, electrolysis oluqhutywa iibhate emgceni yokukhokela okanye IVinyl iplastiki.

Kuba umlilo zokuphucula le billet engumphumela ityala ezikweni linyibilike. Emva koko ukuqala amazwi nomoya le metal engamanzi. Xa igcwala le ubumdaka singena SLAG, yaye omnye sublimated kwaye lisuswe iigesi eziko. Oxidized nayo Cuprum. Zonke izinyithi zobunene kuhlala anyibilike. Indawo yoBuyiselo-copper oxidized kwenzeka intsebenziswano kunye umthombo carbon leyo ezivelileyo irhasi umxube paromazutnaya kunye t. D. Olo tyando kuthiwa ukuluma zezobhedu. Ngaloo ndlela Cu ayabuya carbon imithi. Ke ukulahlwa ingot okanye iipleyiti anode ekhethekileyo nokusulungekiswa electrolytic.

Ngu electrolysis weengcibi babhenela kwimeko apho ubhedu iza kusetyenziswa kushishino zombane, okanye xa iqulethe isixa esikhulu zesinyithi amanene (isilivere, negolide, platinum).

Sokuhlambela electrolysis ezaliswe electrolyte, ibekwe ngendlela sobhedu esulungekisiweyo njengoko anode kunye cathode njengoko Cu enyulu, yaye ngoku lidlule ngokuhlamba. Ngenxa yoko, i-cathode ekufakwa kwi metal ecocekileyo (ntumbuluko - ukuya kwi 99,95%).