Izixhobo "Cummins" (Cummins): iinkcukacha, uhlolo kunye namagcisa photo

Abaqhubi nalivayo okuninzi malunga iinjini diesel ukuba brand American Cummins. Izixhobo "Cummins" Kudala kwakunye nokukhula bakhwela phezu iilori neemoto, zombini abenzi basekhaya angaphandle. Ezi Motors baxhotyiswa "Ibhadi", "KAMAZ", ezilayishayo Nisssan, iibhasi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Uqwalaselo olubukhali le mveliso kunye neemveliso zayo.

Imbali "Cummins"

Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-95, le nkampani kuvelisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iindleko-esebenzayo injini kakuhle, "Cummins". Namhlanje, lo brand yenye yeenkokheli shishino.

Bona waseka inkampani ngowe-1919 eUnited States, ingakumbi, e-Indiana. Ngaba kuqwalaselwa wabaseki Clessé Kammisa, waba oomatshini-izinga yokuqala. Ngangendlela ngokukhuthazwa, kobugcisa URudolf Diesel, kulo nyaka, wakha iyunithi yakhe yokuqala. Kwafuneka ezingama iilitha ezi-6. a. ngamandla, kodwa kwaba nje kwasekuqaleni.

Injini ukuba abalimi

Kungekudala Motor saka nezaziwayo phakathi kubalimi bendawo. Ekupheleni injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi ixesha akwazi ukubuyela ingxenye ngexabiso. Ngowe-1929, "Cummins" sele uqalile ukuvelisa iinjini idizili ngenxa elwandle ngeenqanawa, waza ke waya kungena imveliso umbane diesel. Kule 30, iinjini idizili, "Cummins" waqalisa ukufaka iilori kakhulu kwaye ngemigrugra evela Packard.

Namhlanje, umenzi mhlanguli iiyunithi diesel ukusukela kuma-70 ukuya kwezingama-3500. a. Motors asakhasayo amashishini 56 ezahlukeneyo, ezithi zibekwe ehlabathini lonke. kumazwe angaphezu kwama-160 sebenzisa iimveliso zenkampani kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini kunye mveliso.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ukususela kumgca imveliso yenkampani aphakamileyo, amandla abo kakhulu ukususela-70 ukuya kwezingama-3500. a. Le peculiarity yezi iinjini kukuba umenzi ligxininisa kuphela iinjini diesel. Ngenxa ugxininiso emxinwa ajike bazuze iziphumo ezihle kakhulu. Hi xikombiso, le torque kwi ezinye iimodeli dostegaet 13.000 NM.

Phakathi iinjini Ungafumana onobuhle yokusebenza eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Phakathi ethandwa - ku-line kwiiyunithi cylinder-4 ze-cylinder 6. Nangona kunjalo, lo lufaka imodeli kwakhona ezimilise V-.

data ukalisho Motors e semigudu ezininzi kubandakanya indlela, kwaye camshaft drive. Isixhobo ivelufa eboniswe ngohlobo ivalve ezikhoyo kunye isihlalo. Ukwandisa izinga transfer igesi, kwaye kungandisa amandla ngamnye iinjini isilinda yale uphawu iquka iipere ezimbini owongozelelweyo zeemoto lwezivalo. Kuxhomekeka imodeli, lo camshaft inokubekwa zombini ngaphantsi nangaphezulu.

Inkqubo umbane isekelwe inaliti elektroniki. Oku kuvumela isithuthi ukuba kakhulu nenoqoqosho. Inkqubo fuel isebenzisa amacebo ezizizo eyenziwe ngeteknoloji eliphezulu kunye nemibhobho ezenziwe ngezinto umhlwa-resistant leyo abe ukuxhathisa ubuncinane hydraulic. Oku kuvumela i nkampani ukuba ube yinkokeli shishini.

Intsapho Cummins ISF

Okwangoku iinjini ISF diesel usapho bubonakaliswe ezimbini-cylinder ezine idizili umthamo 2.8 l kunye 3.8 l. Eyokuqala iya "Ibhadi", le yesibini imiselwe ku "Vladan". Loo umahluko ivolyum ngeemoto kuphunyezwa ngokuthi abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Kule uyilo zombini iiyunithi kakhulu enobunye. Iinjineli ukusebenzisa iindawo eziqhelekileyo iiyunithi ezimbini amandla nge-70%.

injini ilitha-2.8 uye izicwangciso 6 namandla. I "Ibhadi" lisetyenziswa phantse kakhulu amancinane kubo. Esi sicwangciso-120 l. a. Ukongeza kule version lite zikhona uhle iilitha 131. kunye 150 eelitha. a. Yona torque, oko malunga 360 NM kwi 1800 rpm. Xa unika le crankshaft ukujija ukuya ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye ulungise ukuvuza, uyakwazi ukufumana useto emithathu ngamandla.

Injini "Cummins Valdai"

injini ilitha-3.8 livumela "Valdai 'abe imfuno elungileyo kakhulu emarikeni. Namhlanje, lo matshini kube lula xa kuthelekiswa iimoto amazwe. Le yunithi has ezingama izicwangciso emithathu amandla. Le lori ihamba ibetheka kufakwa ngokumiswa kwi eelitha 154. a. Hayi kakhulu unamandla, kodwa kwanele ukuba umatshini enjalo.

Ukuba uqhelene ne umnombo iinjini diesel yomvelisi, injini ilitha-3.8 kuyilo into awodwa ngathi injini ilitha. Le yunithi mayixhotyiswe ongangokugibisela yentsimbi cylinder block ngaphandle nqanawa. Kukho eqhelekileyo intloko cylinder nganye yenziweyo maka enye intsimbi, i zemveli ivalve ezine turbocharger. Kwakhona, umatshini kufakwa inkqubo amafutha Common Rail.

amafutha

Abo abaqhubi owasebenzisa "Valdai" kunye Minsk Motor ngokuzithemba uxele ukuba 'Cummins "nenoqoqosho ngakumbi. I-avareji Izinga flow zomyalelo iilitha 14-17 / 100 km.

Injini "Ibhadi Cummins"

Kwi i "Ibhadi" yasekwa Chinese "Cummins". Makhe ukubazi kufutshane nabo. Le yunithi amandla kweelitha 120. a. nge torque 297 NM.

ukusebenza injini ngaphezu okulungileyo abaqhubi zasekhaya. Phantse amanani yagqabhuka kanye kule motor petrol kunye ndingaz-53. Kodwa ke amandla alubanga iitoni 1.5, yaye njengoko 4.

Motors Austrian, leyo yagqitywa phambi kokuba iimoto ulahlekelwe kakhulu "Cummins". Nkqu enamandla ZMZ-405 ulahlekelwa diesel torque. Oku sisiseko yonke into, kungoko ke iimfuno eziphambili kukukhawuleziswa, lula ukuhamba ngaphandle isithuthi ilayishe.

Indawo imoto kwi "Ibhadi"

Injini "Cummins" 2.8, nto leyo ibekwe phantsi ukwesona imoto. Ngokutsho kwiimpawu zejiyometri nga azinakulinganiswa ZMZ-402. Le yunithi yenzelwe njenge injini jikelele, ngaphandle kokuba incamathele kuyo nayiphi na indlela. Wajika kwagqama compact lula.

Ngentla nempompo cleaner. impompo yamanzi ibekwe ecaleni kwe block njengesilinda. Ukongeza, i impompo kudityaniswe zaphambana kunye nempompo ioli. Impompo neoli cishe efanayo Vaz-2108. Le impompo, anikwe ubukhulu, ukusebenza kwawo kwancamisa. Drive for empompa amanzi into exabe ibhanti, nayo leyo isebenza ukuqhuba le fan.

iimpawu

Injini "camshaft ezahlukeneyo Ibhadi Cummins 'kwibhloko, kwakunye ixesha chain-kumqolo omnye. Kule wesekethe ngokwayo imi flywheel. Iinjineli benze oku ukuze kuthintelwe ingxolo kwemfuneko. Nee-chain tensioner oluzenzekelayo. Malunga inkonzo yabo, ungakwazi ukulibala; ngoko ke zithembekile. Isilinda intloko gasket - bafaniswe, ke ukuba ungabaveleli sheets sentsimbi, kangangokuba inkonzo ekhethekileyo.

Kukho phawu umdla. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo actuator pump wamafutha actuated yi umxokelelwane, kunye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eyahlukileyo crankshaft. Ngenxa yoko, iinjineli ziye ubuhle injini "Cummins". Izixhobo ngoko ke ndacinga, ukuze kupheliswe umsebenzi ezingeyomfuneko ukuba wesekethe.

I-injini ingasebenza kwisibanzi zethu, lixhotyiswe shushu sokuvula lula. Xa izinto eziphindaphindiweyo otyiwa lunokukhangela izinto coil zombane. Kwamafutha amacebo kwakhona iye yaxhobisa kunye ukufudumeza.

Nokugcinwa nokulungiswa

Abavelisi Siyaleza inkonzo rhoqo iindawo eziphambili, tshintsha ulwelo yokuqaba, khangela ukusebenza amalungu elektroniki, indawo izihluzi amafutha rhoqo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukunyenyisa injini nencwadana leyo yokundwendwela. Ke akayi kukuyekela, ndingezi ukuze ilungiswe. Ngokutsho ngamathuba yakhe yokundwendwela mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Oko akuthandayo zenethiwekhi.

Ukuba motor ingasebenziyo, phambi kokuba lokulungiswa iinjini, "Cummins", kungakuhle ukwenza diagnosis elektroniki. Le yunithi kufakwa kwinkqubo ye-elektroniki, nto leyo ikhowudi yengxaki uya kwenza kucace ukuba uhlobo unit ingasebenziyo.

abanini Izimvo

Abanikazi "Valdai" ISF 3.8 ukuze bakholwe ukuba imoto besiluncedo kakhulu. Ngaphandle unit idizili ukonga, iindleko nayo ephantsi kakhulu intsebenziswano yenu. Oku konke kudityaniswe ubomi inkonzo elide kwamalungu unit le.

Kodwa loo nto konke ezikholisa kunye nabanini imoto ukuqhuba "Cummins". Ukuphonononga bathi ukuba iyunithi phantse nobunzima-free. Nge inkonzo ngexesha ngokupheleleyo akunampazamo. Machine mveliso nokuba udandathekile, kunye namaqondo kakhulu. amafutha ngaphakathi 11 l. Kakade ke, uhlengahlengiso ezincinane kwenzeka, kodwa ke umonakalo omkhulu uyalandelwa.

abaqhubi injini happy. namabhadi abaninzi ufudusiwe kunye neemoto. Kuba injini, evela eTshayina, lo ukuphakama amathuba. Wokulungisa ilula, ukuba uqonde kwiyunithi iinjini idizili, umonakalo kakhulu umgangatho nga womphilisa ngokwayo ngaphandle kokuba kutyelela amaziko inkonzo esemthethweni. Ukuba kaninzi kakhulu na ukulungisa injini "Cummins", kwakhona zimoto bacetyiswa ukuba enze utshintsho ioli rhoqo kunye ziphele.

Abaqhubi abaninzi isikhalazo malunga eliphezulu kwinqanaba ingxolo kulo injini diesel, ingakumbi ukuba ngaphambili waya units epetroli. Ewe, ingxolo nangoku etheni kuyo, ingakumbi phantsi ukwesona, kwaye ibekwe kude samanzi. Abaninzi bakhalazela ukuba imoto zasehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu. Umntu wabhala ukuba kancinane oswele amandla. Le yunithi ezingafanelekanga abo bamthandayo isantya. Ngenkuthalo ibalekisa imoto kwi 2000 rpm. ne samanzi.

Iindleko iinjini

Abo wagqiba ukuthenga i-injini, "Cummins" - ixabiso imalunga nama-500 000. Kuba le ntengo unako ukuthenga injini ilitha 2.8 kwi "Ibhadi". "Cummins Valdai" ofuna iindleko 625 lamawaka engange. Kakade ke, kuba kubiza kakhulu. Kodwa kukho nenye indlela. Bangaphaya kwe-150 lamawaka engange, ungathenga iyunithi amandla ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ukubaleka kwi "Ibhadi". Oku ixabiso elikhulu injini Chinese. Yintoni eyona umdla, ubomi yalo inkulu kakhulu, malunga 500 ophosa. Kuba ixabiso le ilula ukhetho elungileyo. Kwaye amafutha ingaphantsi uhlobo analog UMZ kunye ZMZ.

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba yeyiphi le iinjini ncomo 'Cummins' zabanini imoto, iindleko kunye neenkcukacha.