Yintoni Reconquista? Reconquista: Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

Yintoni Reconquista? Eli binzana libhekisela wokufuna elide zamaKristu nemimandla kwi le Iberia, wayithimba amaSilamsi Muslim. Igama elithi "Reconquista" ilula kakhulu, lo gama ngokwayo Liguqulwe lithatyathwa Spanish njengoko wokufuna.

Reconquista: Oonobangela

Reconquista waqala ngoko nangoko emva kokuphumelela izizwe zasePyrenees Arab (isiqingatha ngenkulungwane yokuqala-8), kwaye uhamba ahlukile empumelelo. ingxabano feudal Bamqumbisa kwiikumkani zamaKristu kwi imfazwe kunye nabanye kwaye akhonze zabo, ngokunjalo ukungena kumanyano yethutyana kunye nabanqobi Islamic.

Ngexesha Zomnqamlezo, imfazwe nxamnye Muslim amaSilamsi kufana kumzabalazo lonke ubuKristu ngokubanzi. Order of the Knights (Knights Templar njl ..) Ngaba ekuqaleni wadala ukuba alwe amaSilamsi, kwaye oopopu ngokuba kartel of Europe ukulwela inkululeko Iberia.

Ukuqala Reconquista

Emva kokoyiswa amaSilamsi ezininzi zasePyrenees, inkoliso basebukhosini Visigoth bakhetha ukuhlala kwi emazweni. Njengomlawuli i oonyana umzekelo Wittiza. Baya ezivela kumagunya Arab kwi impahla yakhe yomhlaba ochumileyo Visigoth isithsaba. Noko ke, akwabanyanisayo umkhosi amaVisigoth, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabantu basebukhosini kunye nabefundisi, bavuma ukuba ahlale kwintsimi ezinabantu, lihambe e Asturias. Apho ke kamva esekwe phantsi ubukumkani eponymous. th Summer 718 enamandla Visigoth Pelayo (mhlawumbi womnye owayesakuba kaKumkani Roderiha), ngubani kwaqhutywa bathinjwa kwisixeko Cordoba, babuyela Asturias ne yakhethwa ukumkani yokuqala uBukumkani ntsha. Unyulo senzeka ngo Golf Wagon. Emva kokufumana iindaba yeentlanganiso kwi-Golf Wagon UmMeli Munusa wathumela lo myalezo kwi Emir of eAndalusia.

Noko ke, kuphela 722 e Asturias kwafika looding ekhokelwa Alcamo. Ne sazela yaye wase waseSeville Opp. Wayemelwe ukuba bamqumbise Paley zibonakala Alcamo, ihamba Lukus Asturum. Ukusuka kule ndawo Arabhu waqhekeza entilini Covadonga, efuna amaKristu. Kodwa entilini unit Alcamo uhlaselwe wawabulala. inkokheli ngokwakhe abulawe.

Xa iindaba zokufa kwafikelela Alcamo looding Munusy neyabemi kwirhuluneli, wawushiya isixeko Gijón yaye bafudukela iqela lwakhe Pelayo. Kwaliwa kwenzeka kufuphi kwilali Olalla. amajoni Munusy zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, waza wabulawa. Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga yintoni na Reconquista, zithini izizathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ayikhankanye le siganeko, kuba loo nto yaba ekuqaleni kwalo.

Education yasePyrenean States

Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwe-Reconquista Asturias ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-10. Isasazeka imida yayo waza waba uBukumkani León. Ngenkulungwane enye, kwema kwezinye nguRhulumente - uBukumkani Castile. Emva kwethutyana ke zokuyixakatha. Kwindibano VIII-IX iinkulungwane kwakufika ithuba amaphulo ngempumelelo franc kwanceda ukwenza emantla-mpuma zasePyrenees, uhlobo iSpanish nekomkhulu yayo kwisixeko Barcelona. Ekhulwini IX. wema samana sidanduluka yaseNavarre, intwana kamva - ilizwe naseAragon kunye nase-. Ngowe-1137-m, kokuba bamanyane eBukumkanini naseAragon. Xa entshona zasePyrenees wadalwa kwisiphaluka Portuguese, kamva baba nayo ubukumkani.

Imeko yezopolitiko Ekuveleni XII-XIII eminyaka

Ngeli xesha amagunya abangamaKristu bakwazi ukufumana i-Arabhu inxalenye enkulu zasePyrenees. uloyiso phezu Caliphate, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi malunga noqoqosho, ukuba ngokuyinxenye kunokucaciswa kukuba iUnited Arab ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 yaba phantse ezimbini elinesibini usilwa amaphondo (Emirates). Kodwa hayi sizathu siphambili yimpumelelo. lizwe ongumKristu zasePyrenees nayo babephikisana omnye nomnye, nokuzoba kwicala lakhe amaSilamsi. Noko ke, amaKristu ezinamatheleneyo ngakumbi womelele ngokwalo zomkhosi.

Imeko yamaKristu phantsi kolawulo Arab

Kuba Arabhu, abantu lamaKristu iye yaba yinto yokuxhaphaza ezingcangcazelisayo. Iyivume ahlale indawo semi-amakhoboka. Nkqu waguquka Islam yaye yayingeyonxalenye amasiko Arab amaKristu ingqalelo abantu ophantsi. Moor unyamezelwano yokuqala yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba indawo bangi kukuyibaxa. Oku kuye kwakhokelela imvukelo ezininzi zamaKristu kwawasingela imikhosi Caliphate.

Izizathu kwimpumelelo Reconquista

Yintoni Reconquista? Lo mbuzo uphendulwe ngoku ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi. A utshaba eqhelekileyo kunye nomcinezeli lamaKristu zihambele. Ngoko Reconquista lade umlinganiswa omzabalazo wenkululeko, nangona kwezicwangciso amazwe wamajoni ookumkani zamaKristu ubutshaba phakathi naseAragon kunye Castile, kwakunye izinduna kunye nabanye. Ngelo xesha kanye libalulekileyo, amaKristu lazibandakanya. In abalimi kwakukho inkuthazo ukuze baphumelele kule mfazwe. On the kwintsimi yoyiswa ke ukufumana kungekuphela nje umhlaba, kodwa inkululeko evela izinduna, abhalwe kweetshata kunye amaxhwebhu (fueros). Ngoko ke, amaKristu ayekhalazela amaSilamsi liphela. Kwakhona iSpanish, xa kufikelela kwinkululeko yoluntu zasePyrenees amaSilamsi inxaxheba kartel zaseYurophu (ubukhulu becala Italian kunye French). Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo, "Yintoni Reconquista," impendulo kungaba: an ngamazwe Christian Liberation Movement. I Pope wathi amaxesha amaninzi iphulo inkululeko i "kunye umnqamlezo".

Ukuqhubeka Reconquista

Kwi-m 1085 baseSpeyin nkobe Toledo. Olu loyiso kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelo xesha buthathaka le zembujiswano imfazwe Arabhu wacela uncedo Berbers Afrika. Ludityanisiwe imikhosi indawo bakwazi ukuyoyisa baseSpeyin, elo xesha lancipha phantsi i Reconquista. Kungekudala (phakathi kwenkulungwane XII) ukuba indawo North African Berbers weza ezinye abahlaseli - yaseMorocco Almohads. Noko ke, abazange bamanyane Emirates zasePyrenees. Buza nayiphi yaseSpain ntoni Reconquista? Inkcazo kule kota uyazi ubudala nabaselula. It is a kumzabalazo abacinezelweyo nxamnye yabacinezeli, omnye ukholo nxamnye nomnye - nabalawuli imfazwe kunye neenkcubeko.

Uloyiso i Reconquista

Ngowe-1212-m imikhosi emanyeneyo Navarre, naseAragon, Castile kunye Portugal wawoyisa amaSilamsi e Las Navas de Tolosa. Emva kwale boyisiwe,-Arabhu azibanga nako ukuzifumana. Ngowe-1236-m Castilians wathabatha Cordova, ngo-1248-m - Seville. NaseAragon woyisa kwiiBalearic Islands. YeCastilla waphumelela phezu Cádiz ngo-1262-m nangaphandle ukuya Atlantic Ocean. I-1238-m Valencia wawa. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV. Moor yababephethwe kuphela Emirate saseGranada - zizityebi iphondo emazantsi zasePyrenees. Kulo kwintsimi Arabhu waze 1492

isiphelo

Ngaphezu Kwaxelwa oko Reconquista. Ngokwembali, lo wokufuna zala mazwe, kukhatshwa ukulungisa ngenxa uphumeleleyo kunye ulawulo. I Reconquista yaba abemi indima ebalulekileyo kunye kartel ezincinane. Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo eziphambili imfazwe bafumene neenkosi ezinkulu wobukhosi. Baye wadala kwi kumazwe ezihlonyelwe ubunini enkulu.