Cathedral Epiphany, imbali Kazan, iifoto, iiyure kunye neshedyuli kweenkonzo, idilesi kunye nenombolo yomnxeba. Intsimbi enqabeni Cathedral le Epiphany, Kazan

Yamandulo Kazan, eRashiya taivshaya ukuya Usongo Tatar ngesinyanzeliso, yaye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela waba uphawu ngenxa yabantu Orthodox yobukhoboka, emva kokuba iphulo noloyiso Ivana Groznogo ngo-1552 yaba yinxalenye karhulumente Russian. Ukususela ngoko, izitrato zawo kuphela iivenkile ezithengisa eMoscow kunye nabarhwebi Novgorod, kodwa amabandla Orthodox, isandi lexi hlamarisaka xa ikomkhulu labo namankenteza woyisa Khanate.

ibandla ngomthi Prolomnaya esangweni

Namhlanje, omnye zonqulo abadumileyo Orthodox umhlaba iVolga ibekwe apha Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan). Kukholelwa ukuba isithethe Orthodox waqalisa ukuba imilo kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVI, kodwa kwabonakala ibandla lokuqala ngamaplanga apha kwenkulungwane kamva. Kuye kwakhiwa kwi indawo apho xa kukho ekuthiwa-Prolomnye esangweni.

Eli gama bathembeke into yokuba ngexesha kuhlaselwa olwenziwe abendlu ka Ivan abangcangcazelisi ngo-1552, oku kulapho dubulo yerhafu lomgubo lasekwa uthanda eludongeni lomzi apho abatoli abeyingqinga Kazan, wavuka ngaphakathi. Kamva kule ndawo lwakwakhiwa isango, eyaziwa ngokusesikweni Nagayskimi, kodwa abantu wababiza ngendlela yakhe - Prolomnaya. Igama elifanayo wanikwa kwaye esitratweni ezabhalwa apha eqala namhlanje ebizwa Bauman.

Ukwakhiwa tempile - ikratshi baloo dolophu

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVIII, kukho xa kwakungasekho iindonga zesixeko okanye esangweni, icawa eyenziwe ngomthi esikhundleni sabo, wazingcwalisa imbeko Epiphany, kodwa eyaziwa ngokuba yi "ibandla Prolomnaya esangweni." Oku eyaqhubeka de 1731, xa ezidilikileyo yi ixesha (ngokwendlela kweminye imithombo utshiswe) icawa ngamaplanga sachithwa kwaye endaweni yayo ndiqalile ukwakhiwa yecawa amatye entsha. Le ndlu yecawa esakhiwe iminikelo yabarhwebi ezimbini bahanahanisi Kazan - Mikhlyaev I. kunye S. Chernoff.

Ukwakhiwa kwetempile yathatha kanye kwikota kwenkulungwane ze kwagqitywa ngo-1756. Isakhiwo esitsha ugalelwe ngokusondeleyo engaveza udonga yayo yomntla ibandla Andreya Pervozvannogo, yakhiwa ngo-1701. Ukuba shushu, kwakwenziwa kuso unqulo ebusika. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane XVIII, le complex bokwakha kwasekwa, eziquka, ukongeza ekwakheni Epiphany Cathedral kunye eSt Andrews Church, naye intsimbi inqaba-tiered amabini, nto leyo yaba canopied, wema phezu kwicala ngasentshonalanga indlu ngababingeleli. Ibhunga banawo ngaloo minyaka, yaye kwenye indlu, hayi esekhona, kanye wema phezu kwisiza lesikhumbuzo langoku Chaliapin.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwixesha pre-revolution Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan) iye yaba yenye kakhulu watyelela kweso sixeko. amarhamente akhe abameli yamaqela onke kwezentlalo. Ngexesha unqulo phantsi nakwiingqameko zalo zinokubonakala kunye basebukhosini zasekuhlaleni kunye noosomashishini yimpumelelo ndivelile Emva kutshanje ngakumbi nesuka capitalism Russian, kwaye njengabemi abaqhelekileyo, ngawo onke amaxesha obenza isiseko yoluntu. Ngowe-1873 wabhaptizwa apho isikhanyiso elizayo Russian nehlabathi isigaba Fodora Ivanovicha Shalyapina. Akuba ekhulile, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe zomculo njenge chorister ekwayaleni yecawa.

Kwiminyaka ngaphambi revolution, phakathi ababingeleli yecawa kwakukho amanani amaninzi kwenzululwazi Russian nenkcubeko, ziye washiya istampu ngembali yelizwe. Phakathi EA kuzo yaziwa Malov - an ethnographer obalaseleyo Russian kunye ngeelwimi, umbhali we imisebenzi volume-ezimbini ukusekwa ubuKristu e Kazan, eyaba ngomnye lwabasunguli ukupapashwa iKurani kunye inguqulelo parallel Russian. Wawusebenza kwakhona kunye wezakwalizwi owaziwayo, Archpriest uMikhail (Zefirov), ngubani ndizuze udumo njengenye oonjingalwazi aziintloko Kazan Imperial University, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

bhanki Testament uhlonipha

Kumaxesha ezadlulayo, yaye namhlanje nomtsalane bamzukisa Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), i intsimbi nenqaba yayo odumileyo. Imbali indalo yayo liyalondolozwa yokugcina amaxwebhu ubudala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngo-1892, wafa omnye wabahlali ityebileyo kwaye ehlonelwayo Kazan, ummi yawo yekhethelo, labakhandi merchant yokuqala Ivan Semenovich Krivonosov. Njengoko usekela mlawuli ngaseludinini kawonke umzi, kuba ubomi bakhe uyiqwebe imali eninzi kakhulu kwi ukuthanda kwakhe lowu ushiya amashumi amathathu anesihlanu amawaka engange iminikelo Epiphany Cathedral, ebe inabo iminyaka emininzi nomthetheli. Olu xwebhu kwakhona yathi le mali (omkhulu ngelo xesha) kufuneka lichithwe ukwakhiwa kwenqaba sonto yentsimbi.

iziqalo okulungileyo eRashiya ebesoloko wayeswele, naswela imali maxa wambi kuphela ukuphunyezwa kwazo. Kodwa ukusukela kulo mzekelo umba ngemali kwalungiswa nangoko isaziso kukhuphiswano lokuyila intsimbi nqaba elizayo. Iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni "Volzhsky kwiGazethi" kwenzelwa bonke abanqwenela ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo, esithi kwiKomishoni izakuthathwa yomsebenzi kwenziwa isimbo endala Russian, uze ucacise ubuncinane banikwa ukuphakama intsimbi nqaba - ziifatom-32 (malunga 69 eemitha).

umakhi ongenagama

Kangangoko ukuze kuvakala 'etyeni, kodwa igama wezakhiwo othe waphumelela ukhuphiswano waza waba umbhali wobugcisa elaziwayo zakhiwo ibandla, wakha kwiminyaka kuphela elikhulu eyadlulayo, akwaziwa. Isibakala sokuba umzobo ezidakileyo inqaba intsimbi, apho igama lakhe sikhethwe. Kukholelwa ukuba abaphumeleleyo kakhulu Bamele labazobi ezimbini - Genrih Rush kunye uMikhail Mikhailov. Abaxhasi nganye kwezi ngongoma lwembono, kukho inani elaneleyo ekuncedeni.

Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba uMnu Rusch iphumelele engange 150 njengoko uphumeleleyo, kodwa umphathi waba Mikhailov, echasene isithethe - ophumelele omnye yaye yakhela. Ngaphezu koko, e Kazan noovimba ziqulathe amaxwebhu malunga ukumangalelana phakathi nabayili bezakhiwo, yangenela mbhali projekthi. Kodwa kunjalo, umsebenzi ophumelele ke ufanelwe ukuzukiswa bexesha lakhe yaye sele inikezelwe njengenye imiboniso yaqhutywa 1896 e Nizhny Novgorod, Russia mveliso kunye nobugcisa mboniso.

Ukwakhiwa intsimbi inqaba odumileyo

Kuye kwenziwa ngoNovemba 1893 ngokubekwa kwesithethe yesezantsi intsimbi inqaba elizayo kulo nyaka, kodwa emva kokuba umhadi wemba phantsi umsebenzi isiseko ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo wayeka wathathisa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibini. Ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo ikhethekileyo wathabatha ixesha kangako. Ngowe-1897 wasuswa scaffolds yokugqibela kunye intsimbi enqabeni Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan) wavela phambi kokuba abahlali besixeko ubuhle balo.

Ukugcwalisa ukwakhiwa nenqaba intsimbi waqalisa ukwenyuka kwe ezintsimbi kuyo - kuqala omdala, esisinda kuyo buziikhilogram 217 (3472 kg), yaye emva koko entsha, ngokukodwa oluxonxiweyo oku eMoscow wamnikela ukuba Kazan ngololiwe. ubunzima balo neekhilogram 526 (8416 kg). Ke phezu kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde intsimbi bamisela-unyawo emithandathu umnqamlezo eyenziwe ngentsimbi wayigubungela ngazo gilding.

amaphephandaba isetyenziswayo yexesha kwakusazeka ukuba ulwakhiwo nenqaba intsimbi uye izitena kwezigidi ezibini, iindleko zizonke umsebenzi sidlula imali ezabiwa yomthengisi Krivonosov, efikelela kwi amawaka mahlanu, ishumi lamawaka abeye ukwakha isiseko. Bekukwakho ingxelo ukuba imali ayikho ye ukwakhiwa Kazan sithili enikiweyo.

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane entsha

Exakayo, nenqaba intsimbi le Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan), ukuba ixabiso kuyilo ezizimeleyo engomnye mde Orthodox intsimbi inqaba, iye malivakale ngaphezu endlwini kaNdikhoyo, kuba apho yakhiwe. Ngaphakathi, ukuba ukho kweli enamanqanaba yesibini, itempile yakhiwa kwinkumbulo yonke yomrhwebi Krivonosov. Kwanikezelwa ngoMeyi 1904.

«Newspaper Volzhsky Bulletin", nto leyo okhankanywe kwinqaku echaza isiganeko, esenzeka ngoJuni 1901. Ngaloo mini, kwavuka uqhwithela olubi kwavuka, kunye lokuduma yawa ngqo kwinqaba intsimbi, iyenza eludongeni wokumka enkulu. Ngoko nangoko udubule up yophahla wesithathu, neyophahla phantsi intsimbi engundoqo. Kanye emva kokuba uqhushumbo, izitena amatye, kunye nobutyobo eyomeleleyo bayizalisa umgangatho kunye ngezinyuko enamanqanaba yesibini, baba ezininzi elahlwe esitalatweni. Bulelani kuphela izenzo kakuhle waza wazincama amangqina lawo ngesibindi bagaleleka ukucima umlilo, i Epiphany Cathedral lonke (Kazan) zange ehlanganiswa ngomlilo.

iminyaka prerevolutionary

Ngowe-1909 kwagqitywa mabaziqhaqhe endala ngenxa dilapidation, ekupheleni-of-ngenkulungwane belfry-tiered ezimbini. Ukususela ngelo xesha, intsimbi inqaba elitsha Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan) kwahl- lowo kuphela dolophu, kwaye wabiza ukubetha iintsimbi zawo amarhamente amaninzi kuphela.

zokwakha ngakumbi zakhiwo Cathedral waphazanyiswa iziganeko ka-1917. Kodwa kule ndawo, wawuquka kakhulu kwezakhiwo. Kuba ngaphezu kwabo bonke Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), icawa efudumeleyo nabo egameni Andreya Pervozvannogo kunye itempile encinane, acwangcise phezu kumgangatho wesibini inqaba intsimbi, nto leyo eye yaba lesikhumbuzo wenze umnikelo, yayakhiwe kwi kabani iindleko. Xa, emva kokuba iiBolsheviks wangumlawuli, ukuvalwa ubunzima iicawa, Epiphany Cathedral waqhubeka ukusebenza. Kweli thuba ukususela 1920 ukuya 1935 waba Cathedral esi sixeko, owenza inkonzo ngokobuqu Kazan Metropolitan.

Indlu, wabeka phantsi yokugcina

Kule banesifo, i Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), imbali leyo efana kakhulu bayahlelwa uninzi iicawa Russian, iye yavalwa. Kwethafa eSt Andrew eseVan sachithwa kwaye endaweni yawo, ngokungathi wayefuna ukuba buhlungu kakhulu buhlungu amakholwa wakha menagerie zoo umzi. Emva koko, ukuba indawo kwisakhiwo zokuhlala multi-ezinemigangatho.

Esi sakhiwo efanayo kakhulu kuloo ndlu yecawa de ngamahlanu yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina, yaye belfry kwaku iivenkile ngemiyinge emincinci kunye neendibano. Emva koko, ngendawo yokwenza umthambo imisiwe kuso, ukusuka lophahla wabuya wazivusa kanye zinezihloko yintloko emnqamlezweni kunye ngaphakathi kokutyatyekwa yonke ukuhonjiswa, oxabiso likhulu wengcibi yokuluka.

Ukuqala ukuvuselelwa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo

Kuphela gqira ngenxa semisebenzi ezinde abameli ezidolophini koongqondo kunye museum iingcali intsimbi inqaba lifumene le meko lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ukuba ayakhuselwa, okokuqala kuye zibuyiselwe kule minyaka. Waye wabuyela ifomu ebesoloko neqhayiya Kazan.

Epiphany Cathedral, ifoto apho lucaciswa kule nqaku, ubebuyele ibandla ngo-1997. Esi siganeko sisiphumo utshintsho olukhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ukuze unqulo, nto leyo yimvakalelo wamkelekile. Kodwa nenqaba intsimbi kuhlala kuluxanduva lwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeNkcubeko eYiphutha. Kuye imiboniso nokuchaza ajongana ngayo imyuziyam yobugcisa yamandulo, kwaye ngo-2001, ngenxa umsindo ingaqhelekanga zala mazwe, iholo egumbini ogama emva Chaliapin yavulwa.

Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan): ishedyuli kweenkonzo, idilesi kunye neeyure okuvula

Ixesha liya kubeka yonke endaweni yayo. Namhlanje, njengoko kwiminyaka edlulileyo, elinye lamaziko zokomoya engundoqo kwisixeko samandulo iVolga ke Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan). Ishedyuli Iinkonzo obuNgcwele, esixhonywe kwisango, yahlukile ngenkankulu kwezinye iishedyuli amabandla Orthodox. Oku kububungqina yokuba inkonzo kulo kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo, ezinikwa Tshatha ibandla. ukuba Benza yonke imihla. Evekini, i inkonzo eNgcwele iqala ngo 8:00 kusasa, nangeeCawa neeholide at 9:00. iinkonzo ngokuhlwa yenziwa nge 17:00.

Kodwa kule wotshi ayiphelelanga ukufikelela amarhamente kwi Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan). Ukusebenza ixesha ezikuyo yonke imini, ukususela kusasa ize iphele kube ngorhatya. Ngoko ke yamkelwe ezininzi iicawa Orthodox, apho abantu beze badla nje ukuhlala kungqonge icon ezingcwele, uphefumle isiqhumiso basikelelwe, thandazela imicimbi yazo, yaye ucele intsikelelo kaThixo.

Kuba nabani na onomdla kwimbali izakhiwo yecawa eRashiya yaye icebisa ukuya kwi iVolga, oko kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukundwendwela Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan) kule dilesi: Kazan, ul. Bauman, 78 Awunako kuphela baqhelane nale lesikhumbuzo ezibalaseleyo lwezakhiwo, kodwa ukuze athandaze, ibe ngoMgqibelo kwigumbi kunye intsimbi inqaba lomthandazo ukuze impilo omthandayo okanye inkonzo yomngcwabo abafileyo.

On ngeeCawe kunye nemihla amarhamente rhoqo, nabo etempileni okokuqala, ungakwazi ukufumana ulonwabo olukhulu ngokucula akafistnogo ezenziwe apha 17:00. Kuba abo ongathanda ukufumana inkcazelo engakumbi phambi undwendwela Cathedral le Epiphany (Kazan), ifoni: (843) 292 17 58. fown ngamnye uya kufumana impendulo ezeleyo nayiphi na imibuzo yabo.