Iintlabathi

Iintlabathi zempi zenziwa ngamaKristu aseNtshona YaseYurophu ukusuka ngo-1095 ukuya ku-1291. Injongo yabo yayikukukhulula uMhlaba oyiNgcwele (ePalestine) ukusuka kumaSulumane. Iimfazwe zenkqantosi zibhekwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yembali yeMinyaka ephakathi.

Kwiziganeko zeso sihlandlo zazibandakanya abantu abaqhelekileyo, kunye nookumkani, nabakhonzi, kunye neengqungquthela, kunye nabafundisi, kunye nabahloniphekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, iiNtshontsho zaManyeneyo zihlangene zonke iintlobo zoluntu ezazikhona kwi-Middle Ages.

Abantu ababethabatha isibhambathiso babe neenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wayefuna ukuzondla, umntu onqwenela ukuzondla, abaninzi bafudukela kwiimvakalelo zonqulo kuphela.

Ukuya kwiiNkqubela zeMpi, abaPhantshi beNkqantosi bembethe iminqamlezo ebomvu emathunjini abo, bebuya kubo - emhlane wabo.

Imithetho ijikeleze le nkqubela yembali kunye ne-halo yothando, isibindi, umoya wobukhulu nobukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela ezininzi amabali ayagxininisa. Ukongezelela, kukho inyaniso yokuba, naphezu kobuqhawe, izibheno zamapapa kunye nokholo olungaqinisekanga kwimigudu yabo, amaKristu akakwazanga ukukhulula uMhlaba oyiNgcwele. Ngokuphambene noko, iiphulo zabo zakhokelela ekubeni amaSulumane ayomelele ngakumbi kwimeko yabalawuli abangenakuphikiswa ePalestina.

Izizathu zeMpi yamaKatolika.

Ukuqala kwabekwe ngabapapa baseRoma. Babecingwa njengeenkokeli zezo ziganeko. Abapapa kunye nabanye abaphefumlelweyo bathembisa umvuzo wasemhlabeni kunye nabasezulwini kulabo bazimisele ukubeka ingozi ngenxa yale shishini elingcwele. Ukubandakanywa kwamavolontiya kwenzeke ngokubhekiselele kwintsikelelo yenzondelelo yenkolo eYurophu. Nangona iinjongo ezalathisa amavolontiya, bonke babeqiniseka ukuba bekulwela isizathu sokunene.

Isizathu esona siphumo saKhuseli saqalisa ukukhula kwamandla karhulumente waseTeljuk Turks. Kwiminyaka eyi-1070, eli gunya layisa amazwe ase- Asia Minor kunye neMbindi Mpuma. Emva kokuba aba bantu baseApital Asia baqala ukwandisa imida yommandla wabo. AmaSulumane ayesongela uBukhosi baseByzantium, obangela ukuba umbusi wabo aphendukele kumaKristu aseNtshona.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweziTurkey zaseTeljuk zenzeke ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokuvuselela inkolo yentsholongwane yentshona yeYurophu kule minyaka ye-10 neye-11.

Ngekhulu le-11, inani labahambi kwilizwe elingcwele liye landa kakhulu. "IziTurkey ezingalunganga" zazibonakaliswa njengesihlamba semifanekiso yamandulo, isiqhelo somhedeni.

Amanqonti amaninzi kunye nookumkani babona ihlabathi elinamathuba amakhulu kunazo zonke eMbindi Mpuma. Babecinga ukuba baya kuvuzwa amandla, inzuzo, umhlaba wokukhululwa koMhlaba oyiNgcwele. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwefa ngokuhambelana ne-primogeniture kwandiswe kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abantwana abancinci, ngokukodwa, enyakatho yeFransi, abazange balindele ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiqhekeza lomhlaba weentloko zezindlu zooyise. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Crusade kwabanika ithemba lokufumana umhlaba, kunye naloo ndawo kwindawo yoluntu.

Inkcenkcesho yomntu owayengumlimi wayeyithuba lokuxhomekeka kokuxhomekeka kwexesha elide. Ukuba ngabapheki kunye nabakhonzi, baqulunqa umkhosi wemikhosi yama-Crusaders.

Imbali yeeNkolo zamaKatolika yaqala ngo-1095. I-Pope Urban 2 yavakalisa intlangano yokuqala kwiChethra.

Iyonke yabakho iiprojekthi ezisibhozo. Ngokwezinye izibhengezo ngo-1212 i-Crusade yaqhutyelwa nakwishumi elivisayo. Inkokheli yabo yayingumalusi uEtienne waseClois. Ngokomxholo, babecinga ukuba ukholo lwabo kunye nokungabi namacala baya kwenza oko bangenakukwenza ngabantu abadala abaxhobileyo. Ngokomnye umthombo, emva kokuba iinqanawa kunye nabantwana befikelele emanxwemeni aseYiputa, abanini beenqanawa bathengisa abaselula ukuba babe ngabakhoboka. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo ichaza malunga nale Nkqubela.

Iiphulo zamaKristu zaphela ngo-1291 emva kokubanjwa kwamaSulumane ngo-Aqrah.

Nangona i-crusaders ayengakwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo ezibekwe ekuqaleni kweemikhosi zempi, iiprojekthi zabo zenze lonke ixesha lembali, elichaphazela imimandla eyahlukeneyo yobomi baseYurophu.