Battle of Mohacs ngo-1526 kunye neziphumo zawo. Idabi kwegama elifanayo ngo-1687

Battle of Mohacs - empini ezenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-16 ngomhla kummandla Hungary. Kwakhona ngokuba imfazwe kwenkulungwane ye-17, nto leyo kwenzeka kufuphi kulendawo. Ezi ukulwa ezimbini zibalulekile kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amazwe Central Yurophu, ziyahlelwa ezo ngokusondeleyo enxulumene ulawulo Turkish kule ngingqi.

Ezi ziganeko kube ngumphumo-nkqubo Ottoman ukwandisa ummandla wayo ngeendleko lenqaba namazwe isiJamani, nto leyo ebangela ubani ngokwemvelo ngovukelo phakathi abantu balapha kunye namazwe, nto leyo ikhokelele ngxabano evulekileyo.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala First Battle

Battle of Mohacs ngo-1526 yaba sisiphumo yeempikiswano entsonkothileyo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle wayiqokelela ngaphakathi ubukumkani Hungary Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 15-16. Ngelo xesha, umbuso kweli lizwe buthathaka kakhulu urhulumente eqwengwe ingxabano lwangaphakathi kunye ezingangqinelaniyo eziye zakhokelela imvukelo umlimi ezininzi, ngokunjalo ukungawi abambalwa yelizwe yokulwa nkqubo Magyarization. Ukongeza, uqoqosho naye kwindawo kunokuba nzima. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa ukungcola lizwe ukusuka iindlela zorhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokwehla weDanube indlela imeko yemali zabemi kwinqanaba elisezantsi ngokufanelekileyo. Konke oku negalelo kwimpumelelo umkhosi Ottoman edabini.

Sibangwa imikhosi

Battle of Mohacs ngo-1526 kwenzeka kwiindawo zokuhlala encinane phezu kodonga lasekunene weDanube River. Kukho weni Hungarian kunye nomkhosi Ottoman, le yokugqibela ninzi ngaphezu imikhosi exhobileyo kunye nembangi kabini. I umthetho ngu Sultan Suleiman mna, kunye nomkhosi Hungarian ikhokelwa ngu Korol Layosh II. Ngumqolo imikhosi yayo yokulwa kwakukho mercenaries evela kumazwe angabamelwane Slavic, kwakunye nenani izilawuli German. Kodwa amandla sakhe buthathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokuba uncedo bakhe na ixesha elizayo ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaqhawe Croatian, kwakunye nenkxaso prince Transylvanian. Hungarians wenza ngemali enkulu phezu amahashe, leyo, ngokwesicwangciso yabo, bekufanele Ekutyunyuzweni nomkhosi Turkish phantsi ezisithele sekhe.

Ikhosi ye edabini

Battle of Mohacs kwaqala uhlaselo Hungarian mabutho kwi elihamba Turkish. Ekuqaleni, impumelelo ababehamba nabo, yaye baqalisa ukuba bacwangcise lityhale amajoni yotshaba. Ebona le mpumelelo, Ukuhlasela umkhosi Hungarian kuqina waza waqalisa Maluwusukele utshaba esoyiswa, kodwa kungekudala weza phantsi ngemipu crossfire Turkish. Ukuba noludumileyo wokwamanani elininzi imikhosi, baseTurkey ukuba amsunduze ukuba iDanube kwaye kuthintele umdlali iqhele elilungelelanisiweyo. Iintsalela butho isiHungary asabile, asele zafakwa baza babulawa. Ngexesha nibuye umva, wambulala ukumkani neqembu yakhe. Battle of Mohacs Ottoman umkhosi wavula indlela eya kwikomkhulu isiHungary, owawa iiveki ezimbini kamva.

imiphumela

Ukubaluleka kulo mlo nemiphumo emibi hayi kuphela Hungary kodwa Central Europe. Le kokoyiswa kwakhokelela ekubeni ukwanda yempembelelo Ottoman nasekufumaneni kwiiBalkans. Ubukumkani efanayo kakhulu yahlulwe kabini: emazweni oyisa of Ottoman Hungary kwasekwa, kunye namalungu neuropathy esemantla nasentshona lathathwa Austria Habsburgs. BoBumelwane Ottoman wadala ingxaki enkulu kumazwe aseYurophu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umanyano lwabo ukulwa ukubusa Turkish.

Imvelaphi Battle Second

Battle of Mohacs ngo-1687 yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo IMfazwe Enkulu Turkish, nto leyo uthotho iingxabano 70-80s phakathi Ottoman kunye yaseYurophu United States. Kule ngxabano, kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi phakathi nxaxheba elo lizwe lethu. Nangona kunjalo, lo impi enkulu imfazwe phakathi Austria Habsburgs kunye icala Turkish.

ungquzulwano ngqo yaqala ngo-1683, xa kwicala yasebukhosini yakwazi ukubujika ubuso nasekuxinweni Turkish eVienna, emva koko inyathelo wegqitha waya baseYurophu. I Austrians likwazile ukuphumeza linani leempumelelo, ingakumbi, siye iphumelele iqela iinqaba, kodwa ngempumelelo yabo olona lokufakwa kwikomkhulu isiHungary Buda.

impi

Emva koku, le amajoni yasebukhosini bagqiba ukwenza nxamnye baseTurkey. imikhosi yazo babohlulwe kubini, phantsi umyalelo Karla Lotaringskogo kunye Maximilian II. Austrians waphumelela ngokugxotha baseTurkey, nangona yokuba yokugqibela ezaxhobela kakuhle. Kulo mzekelo, uloyiso yaba kakhulu lula, ukulahlekelwa kunamaYurophu ezincinane kakhulu, lo gama baseTurkey ezilahlekileyo amandla engundoqo kunye nezixhobo.

Le kokoyiswa kwakhokelela ingxaki phakathi ubukhosi, umbuso utshintsho karhulumente. Emva kwale edabini Habsburgs fumene ilungelo isithsaba Hungarian kwaye bazama ukwenza idabi Mohács ngo-1526 kwaye ukoyiswa sase bandilibele. Ukuze benze oku, baza koyisa 1687 wanikwa igama elifanayo, nangona edabini kwenzeka kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kule lali.