Apho ibekwe Emirate of Granada?

Iberia - indawo beentlanga nakwiinkcubeko apho ngoxolo ndawonye ithi ezinkulu ezimbini mihla yaseYurophu - Spain ne Portugal. Le mimandla kuhle kakhulu, hayi kuphela ngokwemigaqo izizwe zomthonyama, kodwa kwakhona idume iinkqubo zayo zendalo. Imbali eminyaka ubudala ushiye imizila wayo bokwakha kwaye ezingqondweni abemi.

Nokuwa

Apho ibekwe Emirate of Granada? into Granada sixeko zibekwe kanye emazantsi uluhlu entabeni Sierra Nevada, kunye ecaleni layo emntla-mpuma. Inxalenye kwihlomela, ekuthiwa "omdala", ibekwe phezu kweentaba ezintathu: neSabika, Sacromonte kunye Albayzin.

Modern Granada ngaphambili kwakuhlala izizwe Iberia. Bakha yokuhlala, apho kamva yiMelika aseRoma baza igama Illiberis.

Emva kokuba ngokuwa uBukhosi baseRoma, i abonakalisi beprophathi waya kummandla Granada, kodwa 534, urhulumente yokugqibela iye yaphela, kwaye indawo yathathwa yi amaByzantine. Kodwa sele kwinkulungwane VII kwisiza waqala ukukhula karhulumente Iberia.

Amanqaku aphezulu kule inkangeleko mihla waseGranada emiselwe amaSilamsi. Ambamba mzi-711, yaye igama wona e Kalat-Gartata. Ebudeni bexesha lokuhlala kula kumazwe amaSilamsi le dolophu aguqulwe ngokwemiqathango lwezakhiwo, waba uhlobo kuhlasela kwinkcubeko kunye nendlela yokuphila. Granada yaba liziko yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko, apha wazalwa imveliso isilika, kunye nesiphelo ophezulu izixhobo.

Ngowe-1012 Granada Berbers kubanjwa nomlawuli walo zixhomekeke ibn Zirí, owenza dolophu isihlalo sikarhulumente Zirids ubukhosi, kwafuneka ukuba baphume kwetrone. Kwinkulungwane kolawulo lwabo isixeko landiswa kakhulu imida kunye Granada yaba sisixeko bazizinhanha eAndalusia. Lide kula mazwe iye yabamba amandla Nisridov ubukhosi apho yaye ayila Emirate of Granada. De-1492 e Granada, umkhosi ezikhumbuzo zokwakha, yimizekeko enxulumene nexesha Arabhu.

Ekupheleni kwale XV kwinkulungwane Emirate SaseGranada yaba uligwiba unqulo nenkcubeko Islamic.

Reconquista akazange ekuphulukwana kula mazwe, yaye phantsi koxinzelelo wookumkani baseSpeyin somzi sawa. Esi siganeko kwakhokelela ekwehleni kwidolophu entle, ukuba iye edolophini eziqhelekileyo wephondo Spanish. Changed kwaye imbonakalo yangaphandle kwezitrato, izakhiwo kunye nesixeko sonke.

Ubomi Emirate of Granada

Emirate saseGranada yayimi apho? Yintoni usingasiqithi wayengomnye zilikhusi zindala unqulo Islamic? Urhulumente yokugqibela yamaMuslim eYurophu waze 1492. Ngoxa kummandla saseIberia Peninsula kummandla weentaba kwiMeditera, kwaba nzima ukufikelela utshaba, kwaba nzima ukulujikeleza ayivalele. Oku kubangele ukuphumelela karhulumente.

Emirate saseGranada eyayikhona kummandla saseIberia kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-250. Kwaye ukongeza indawo buyanceda geographical negalelo kule nezinye izinto.

Nangona iyantlukwano zonqulo Islam kunye ubuKristu, iingxaki ibunzi ngakumbi yehlabathi ephakathi bahluke kakhulu. Kwi usingasiqithi babehlala abantu abavela kumahlelo ahlukeneyo. Noko ke, abazange baphile kude enye kwenye, kumazwe Muslim omiweyo amaKatolika amaninzi and vice versa. AmaSilamsi beshumayela inxalenye enkulu yabemi. AmaYuda yesithathu ebalulekileyo kazwelonke. Le ukungafani yokuphila ukuvala kancinci umsantsa phakathi kwabantu kunye neenkolo, kwaye anika ithuba ukudala uhlobo olulodwa yokuphila kunye nenkcubeko le emirate.

impi

Livumela Iberia Peninsula, kwakukho akusoloko nezenkolo, kodwa ngenxa nomzabalazo kwintsimi entsha. Ngaphandle Granada abe amandla Muslim baba North African Marinids. Bona, njengazo zonke ezinye imikhosi, wangena ubuhlobo-obufutshane noxolelwaniso, abo baye balahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwabo kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. KumaXesha Aphakathi kukho yahlulwe ngokucacileyo Ndobanikela kwizikumkani ezintathu eziphambili naseAragon, Castile isiPhuthukezi. Noqhekeko kanye livumela buthathaka kuphela kwabo.

Inkcubeko nenkolo

Uphi na ke Emirate of Granada ngoku? Granada amahle unique isixeko, hayi kuphela kwindawo imbali umbono. Zivuthiwe lwerharnate iziqhamo na uphawu imbali kule ndawo zasezulwini ngokwenene. Emirate saseGranada ise kwimpuma eAndalusia, kumazantsi Spain namhlanje.

ngokwenkolo

NgamaKristu, amaYuda kunye namaSilamsi bashiya ilungelo ukwenza namasiko zawo zonqulo ezicaweni zabo. Kuyinto kuphela Umbuyekezo ke kufuneka amukele imibuso yezwe ukuba bahlawule iirhafu ezithile.

ulwimi

Xa nobukhulu bendawo emirate wayengekho ulwimi olusemthethweni. Iingxoxo kunye izangqa eliphezulu kuluntu esetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ezifana Arabic nesiLatini, kunye isiHebhere. Oku kwakuhambisana kumanqanaba aphezulu Muslim Spain kunye ubukho kwi izixhobo karhulumente wambumba yamaJuda namaKristu. bonke abantu phantsi kukhuselo jikelele irhuluneli, nokuba unqulo uhlanga.

uphuhliso loqoqosho

Njengekomkhulu emirate ka Granada, Granada, yeyona kakhulu kuphuhliswa ngokwemiqathango yezoqoqosho, kuzo zonke izixeko oluntu elizenzekelayo eAndalusia.

Inani labemi abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Ngokunxulumene nezibonelelo iKurani kunye nokuvalwa ekusetyenzisweni yehagu liqulunqe iigusha.

Sezulu onomoya lweMeditera kwenza kube lula ukuba kuphuhliswe ngamandla kwezolimo kunye ukulinywa okuziinkozo ukongeza, kwakukho horticulture aphuhliswe kakuhle nokulima neminquma.

Kwayenza wathabatha ezindaweni zonke iidolophu ezinkulu amaSilamsi. Craft yayisengumsebenzi usapho okanye umsebenzi zoluntu lonke. ubomi Community ekhuthele kakhulu ekukhuseleni abahlali balo kogcino amahlwempu kunye namalungu abagulayo.

trade

Urhulumente esisigxina yemfazwe, neze buthathaka urhwebo basekhaya angaphandle kweli lizwe. Abarhwebi ngexesha mvano nangoku ngokunzima eziphuhliswe iimarike kubachasi babo. Amaqabane eziphambili urhwebo baba abamelwane - unxweme North Afrika kunye nezikumkani zamaKristu. Iimveliso eziphambili zezi: amafutha omnquma, uboya, izixhobo kunye nezacholo. Ukusuka Afrika ukuya Emirate saseGranada bazisa lwendlovu ezixabisekileyo, iziqholo kunye yerhali.

kwiAlhambra

Ihlabathi-edumileyo Granada Umtsalane yi edume yayiyiAlhambra sesigodlo. Kuye kwakhiwa ngexesha ebukumkanini Moorish ubukhosi Nisridov. De kube ngoku, neendonga zaso phezu kwentaba kwaye olubonakalayo zonke iimbombo mzi. Oku nje kwiziko lomkhosi, kodwa kuyo yonke le abalawuli Muslim.

Emirate saseGranada namhlanje - yindawo engummangaliso Iberia, idibanisa States eziliqela unembali ende natyebileyo.