Yintoni na sangqa Mars kunye nendlela esinceda ngayo ubukhulu be Umhlaba? Ububanzi, ubunzima kunye nenkcazelo Mars

Mars yiplanethi yesine kwenkqubo solar - imeko yamabali amaninzi kumnandi. Ababhali kunye nabalawuli badla ibekwe apha impucuko komhlaba, nobutshaba okanye ubuhlobo kuthi. Uphando, Noko ke, ibonisa ukuba ephuhliswe kakhulu loo ubomi kwiMars nakanjani na. Oku akuthethi ukuba i-Red Planet - indawo buthuntu yaye ingabangeli. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izazinzulu ezininzi engqondweni yam ufuduswe umke apha, ukuzama ukufunda iimfihlelo aze achaze iimpawu ehlabathini yesine. Iparameters ezifana netoti Mars, ubunzima bayo, ukukhawulezisa sokuwa simahla, eyokuqala neyesibini ngesantya yokuba ehlabathini njalo, ziqokelelwa ngocoselelo zihlalutywe lonke ixesha lokufundisa ummelwane wethu. Ndaqhelana naye abe ngakumbi.

iimpawu orbit

Mars - inkcazo ehlabathini, mhlawumbi, ukuba ukuqala le - phezu iqondo kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu ukusuka elangeni kufuneka nje ngaphaya Umhlaba. orbit linobude phantse billion 1.5 kweekhilomitha kunye, ngathi uninzi iiplanethi kuyinto ellipse. Beyond komzila Mars eyona ibhanti asteroid.

Enye revolution ehlabathini jikelele Olubomvu Planet kuthatha ixesha elininzi ngaphezu Umhlaba - iintsuku 687. avareji Umgama ukuya ilanga Mars - malunga 228 million km. Thelekisa, isalathisi omnye Umhlaba - 149 500 000 km.

ukufana

Kukho kwakhona ziyafana kumaxabiso azo parameters ukuba ziimpawu Earth and Mars. Inkcazelo umhlaba usoloko iqulathe ulwazi malunga ixesha ukujikeleza ngeenxa axis yayo. Njengoko sisazi, uMhlaba malunga nama-24 iiyure. Ukuba nani kakhulu ezahlukene Olubomvu Planet - Iiyure ezi-24 imizuzu 37 imizuzwana 22.7. Ngenxa yale ujikelezo ngokukhawuleza kummelwane yethu eziliqela atshabalalisa ukwenza imiqobo. Ngenxa yoko, le lunga nemitha e-ikhweyitha Mars yahluke kancinane inani elifanayo zezibonda. Noko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka elifanayo kwakhona uphawu Umhlaba. Netoti Mars ngeekhilomitha kwi-ikhweyitha ifikelela 6739.8. Oku kubonisa malunga ne-53% ye parameter efanayo kulo mhlaba. Netoti Mars, ukuba enilinganisela ngawo kuloo mmandla zezibonda, uya kuba km ngaphantsi kwe-42. Le parameter kwi ratio efanayo kunye emhlabeni ezidlulileyo.

Le ezimanyeneyo Red Planet kukho engile enkulu kangangoko of utyekelo ukuya moya ka komzila (24 ° 56 '), ebonelela omnye lifane Mars kunye Umhlaba - ubukho onyaka. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iimpawu umahluko umhlaba phakathi ehlotyeni nasebusika libukhali kakhulu.

Enye emzimbeni iparameters

Ngokubanzi, iimpawu eziyintloko uMhlaba ukhangeleka nganto kunokuba Mars. Planet ubunzima ngu 6,4185 × Oktobha ²³ kg - ngu 0.107 ye parameter efanayo emhlabeni kuphela.

Ukuxinana osisiqu okumisele Mars, - 6,4185 × Oktobha ²³ kg. Ubukhulu kukukhawuleziswa omxhuzulane - 3.7 m / c ^2. iimeko Ubushushu kwi planethi ebomvu ezahlukeneyo lukhulu Earth. Akwi-ikhweyitha, umoya ehlotyeni ngexesha emini akakhululeki + 30º, yaye ubusuku ebusika opholileyo ukuze -80º. Kummandla lobushushu kwisibonda amaxesha kusithwa -143º.

komhlaba

Iplanethi iMars, iifoto apho akhulule phantse yonke cell phones, ogama Kakade odlulileyo i-Red Planet ubaleka, lubonakala ngokuba iimpawu kunokuba umdla isiqabu komhlaba. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana inani enkulu yimingxuma kwaye imizila bamaxesha amandulo zazamazama kumsebenzi esesibhakabhakeni kunye namanzi.

Eyona phawu bobume - ukwahlulwa kwayo ibe imimandla emibini. I-ikhweyitha wasezantsi ufana mhlaba kwenyanga. Ngokubanzi, umphezulu-kaxaka ngale km omnye okanye emibini ngasentla ngokungqinelana nenqanaba. Inxalenye esemntla umhlaba, phezu koko, sanga phantsi avareji. Ke inani elincinane mlilo, inxalenye ephambili indawo ekuhlala kuzo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi amathafa agudileyo, wavele ezenziwa kukhukuliseko kunye nezikhukula mlilo. ububanzi elingalunganga kwaye umda olwahlula imimandla emibini, eyayiqhutyelwa isangqa esikhulu, utyekelo malunga 30º ukuya ikhweyitha. Isizathu sokuba eli candelo izazinzulu kumphezulu akukacaci.

isakhiwo

Mars emhlabeni kwinkqubo elanga yinxalenye yeqela elifanayo lezinto isithuba, njengoko uMhlaba. Oku njalo kuxokwa-langa ezisentlabathini. Bona luphawulwa isakhiwo elulwalwa, ngokungafaniyo Anaki igesi, apho isakhiwo esilawulwa izinto sukube. Leader phakathi kwezinye izinto kwi Silicon ithatha Mars (21%), ilandelwe yi yentsimbi, nemagnesium, calcium aluminium (12.7, 5, 4 no-3%, ngokulandelelana). Ngaphezu koko, ngo Mars phezulu ngokwaneleyo xa kuthelekiswa emhlabeni inqanaba nesalfure - 3.1% ye kuqamba iyonke.

Iplanethi Mars, kunzima ukubhidanisa umfanekiso kunye imifanekiso nezinye izinto, kuye kwaziwa ukuba limhlophe kumphezulu luhlaza. Olo isiphumo inikwa kunye carbohydrate of oxides zentsimbi ezakha umhlaba umhlaba kunye silicates ekulelona zeendawana yayo.

e pole,

ICAPS polar ye-Red Planet abe ubukhulu phantse ezine leekhilomitha. Ziqulethe uluhlu ice amanzi carbon dioxide. Last kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi ezikhoyo apho, oko lushwankathela evela emoyeni. Kule ndawo ye esemazantsi Igiza cap polar zabonwa, emele umxube le carbon dioxide kunye eluthulini kunye umkhenkce betekisi ukuya umphakamo enkulu ngaphezu komhlaba.

Imikhenkce ekumiselwe kuyo incam Polar kuqalisa kunyibilika emthonjeni. Ngenxa yoko, ngonyuka kwandisa womoya kwaye kukho yimimoya enamandla kakhulu, lula ukuhamba ubunzima obangel ngokomthamo serhasi ikhweyitha esahlukileyo. Likhawuleze ngaloo ndlela ngamanye amaxesha ufikelela 100 m / s.

Ezi iintshukumo kunye isizathu izaqhwithi nothuli, zona inkalo uphawu kulo mhlaba. isaqhwithi sothuli benza igalelo elibalulekileyo iimeko yokwakhiwa kwe Mars: impembelelo yokutshintsha lobushushu, ikhokelela kukhukuliseko lomhlaba.

khondo amanzi

Enye ukukhuthaza ezikhokelela abantu ukuphonononga isithuba sangaphandle - ngumnqweno ukufumana, ukuba uphuhliso yobomi, ngoko ke ubuncinane iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukwenzeka kwayo. Mars kudala kuthathwa njengomnye abaviwa kakhulu kule ndima. Ebibekiwe umhla, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba Red Planet kwaba kanye ixesha elide kungaba yenye iimeko ezisisiseko ukuvela lobomi - amanzi sikwimo engamanzi. On Mars wafumanisa ukhukuliseko embhoxo amanzi neempawu. Imifanekiso phezu matutu zidluliselwe ziye zanceda izazinzulu ukubona imilambo nokuba izityholo emfuleni elibharhileyo. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezifumaneka kwi Mars Minerals ukwenza lobushushu entle eziyimfuneko kunye zolwelo obrak medium. Nangona kunjalo, izigqibo eqinisekile malunga ezidlulileyo wamanzi Mars, izazinzulu ziye lalingekafiki.

emoyeni

Lo mphunga wamanzi ngoku emoyeni iqokobhe emhlabeni, kodwa izixa ezincinane - 0.1%. In kakhulu (95%) ze ojikeleze umhlaba siquka carbon dioxide, initrogen kwakhona ekhoyo (2.7%), argon (1.6%) kunye ne-oksijini (0.13%). Xa umoya methane kunye enzima kufunyenwe iigesi egalelwe ukugxila ephantsi ngaphezu izinto ngasentla.

Methane enye eemfihlelo Mars. Le nto ke ibolile kwelanga kunye nokwanda yayo emoyeni, nkqu hi mpimo lowutsongo enjalo idinga umthombo njalo wemvula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezimbini umgqatswa ephambili kule ndima, carbohydrate igesi ebushushwini kukurhala lwangaphakathi, kwaye iintsholongwane Mars iguqulwe ukuba zikhona kwiingcamba ezinzulu lithosfere.

amarekhodi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba sangqa Mars (ngeekhilomitha), ubunzima bayo kunye nezinye iparameters yemveliso zomhlaba, kukho kwakhona izinto zobukhulu umxhelo. Chief phakathi kwabo - akukho mlilo kunye neentaba. A ithafa enkulu mlilo Tarsis ise kumntla ikhweyitha planethi kwaye ithanda ukuba amawaka amabini leekhilomitha. Apha indawo mlilo ezifana Arsiya, Pavonis kunye Askreus. Kufuphi nabo, esesiphelweni Tarsis, kwaye 'umtsalane' engundoqo ye-Red Planet - Mount Olympus. Ufikelela umphakamo we-27 km, loo nto ithathwa qondo yonke inkqubo elanga. Ububanzi Olympus umphezulu ethatha indawo yi km-550.

Tarsis kummandla inokufumaneka iziphene. I inkulu kwezi intlambo ekuthiwa Mariner 4,5 ophosa ubude kunye 600 km ngobubanzi kunye nobunzulu km ukuya ku-10. Kumathambeka esihlambo basoloko babe onomtsalane kwi landslides Solar System.

zibuthe

Ukuba ubukhulu le planethi iMars, kunye nezinye lwamanani iimpawu zayo baziwa ngqo kwaye akukho imibuzo, ezinye iparameters ebangela imibuzo emininzi phakathi izazinzulu. Phakathi kwabo, lo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi. Enyanisweni ayisekho; akukho nto ukukhusela Mars ukusuka elangeni. Noko ke, uphando iziphekepheke aye abonisa ukuba iplanethi nebala kunye intsimi engenamandla ngokwaneleyo ngemagnethi. Kukho ingcamango yokuba Mars malunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ababeyazi ukhuselo enamandla ukusuka elangeni, efana Emhlabeni, kodwa emva koko zalahleka nto.

amasimi Fixed kukho intsalela kunye alternating iziqwengana wokwephuka, uqhebeke ivela ngasentshona isiya empuma. Ububanzi ukuba amawaka eekhilomitha. Ezo sibubona asekuhlaleni - iphazili ukuba abaphandi. Akucaci nokuba imvelaphi yazo okanye unobangela wale wokwephuka.

Netoti Mars, Noko ke, ezinye ixesha edlulileyo iye yaba imfihlelo ebantwini. Izifundo ze-Red Planet kwaye uyaqhubeka ukufumana ngenxa nzulu ekugqweseni engineering kunye nolwazi olutsha kwicandelo yokuma. Kwaye ke kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iimfihlakalo Mars, ngendlela enye okanye omnye ziza kubhengezwa kwaye kucaciswe elizayo akakude kakhulu.