Yintoni ukuphakama Cathedral St. kaIsake waza Ivan Enkulu Bell

izakhiwo zenkolo zisoloko ubukhulu umxhelo. Orthodox nenqaba intsimbi - akukho ngaphandle. Inxenye ke kubo vzmetayutsya ukuya kwiimitha ezili-100 nangaphezulu. Ukuphakama Cathedral eSt kaIsake waza Ivan Enkulu Bell ungakhuphisana amabandla emide Orthodox.

Enye enkulu

Ngoko linokubizwa ngokuba kaIsake Cathedral eSt Petersburg. Ngapha koko, - omnye izakhiwo angqukuva kakhulu ezibalulekileyo ezininzi ezintle ehlabathini. Ngu ubungakanani itempile lagqitha kuphela eSt kaPetros Basilica (eRoma), eSt Paul (London) kunye St Mary (Florence). ERashiya, Cathedral St. kaIsake kuthathwa ukuba ibe ngaphezu Cathedral kuphela elisanda kwakhiwa kaKristu uMsindisi e Moscow, ukuphakama kwayo emnqamlezweni kweemitha 103.

Ukuphakama Cathedral eSt kaIsake eSt Petersburg ifikelela iimitha 101,5. Lufikelela kuyo kommandla 4,000 square metres. M. Kuqikelelwa, ubunzima iyonke yetempile - malunga 300 000 yeetoni. Kwangaxeshanye oko ukuhlalisa abantu malunga 12 000. Akuyo Cathedral 112 iikholam monolithic. Ukuphakama njengemiqulu Cathedral St. bakaIsake, okanye mandithi ezinye zazo ifikelela kweemitha 17.

Le tempile pyatikupolny nkundla ephambili ogama ubukhulu imalunga-25 eemitha. Enye uphahla ezine ezincinane ezifakwe belfries ezine, sise iimbombo umthamo ezingundoqo sakhiwo.

History of indalo

Ngoku ke ekhoyo Cathedral St. kaIsake - yesine kwakhiwa kule ndawo.

Yokuqala ngo-1707 yakhiwa Church St. bakaIsake, ngendlela elula, eyenziwe ngomthi, kodwa a steeple eliphezulu. Le cawe yakhiwa ngokwemiyalelo uPetros Omkhulu, yaye yokuzalwa kwakhe kwaqhutywa kungekabekwa etempileni. Yaye ekubeni Meyi 30 - kukwayinto entle umhla ukuhlonelwa St. uIsake Dolmatskogo, ibandla wafumana igama layo. Ngokutsho ngesigqibo uPetros kwiminyaka emibini ukuphucula nokubuyiselwa wetempile bathwalwa phandle. Xa ibandla efanayo 1712, ukumkani watshata kunye uCatherine.

Noko ke, ngo-1717 ulwakhiwo ibandla lwamatye St. uIsake waqala. Wood ukubola ngeloo xesha. Icawa entsha ilitye zange kwahluka ubuhle ekhethekileyo. kakhulu ezifana uPetros noPawulos Cathedral. ukwakhiwa lwayo sagqitywa ngowe-1727. Nangona kunjalo, lo kufutshane i Neva River (ukunqamka okunokwenzeka) kunye umlilo ebangelwa ugwayimbo umbani 1735, ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela isakhiwo kwimeko emaxongo kakhulu. Nokuba yena wazama ukubuyisela iziphumo ezilungileyo engekaphunyezwa. Kwagqitywa ukuba aludilize ibandla kunye nokwakha entsha, nentsingiselo ngakumbi, t. E. Hayi ecaweni, kunye Cathedral. Kodwa ke kunjalo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqashisela ukuba leliphi iya kuba ukuphakama Cathedral lokugqibela St. kaIsake.

Council yesithathu uCatherine II

Ukwakhiwa yecawa omtsha waqalisa ngokwemiyalelo uCatherine II ngo-1768. Umakhi prowujekthi A. Rinaldi. uphahla ezintlanu nenqaba ephakamileyo kwafuneka ukuba Cathedral kwi isicwangciso womzobi ngayo. Noko ke, de kube sekupheleni ukuphumeza izicwangciso zabo akuphumelelanga. Xa Wafa uCatherine Omkhulu, isakhiwo waziswa kuphela wophahla sakhiwo. Umsebenzi wamiswa ngelo xesha, A. Rinaldi waya ekhaya.

Kungekudala Ukumkani omtsha bayalela uPawulos ukuba kuqhubeka ulwakhiwo yecawa waza wayalela ukuba ukwenza wezakhiwo V. Brenna, leyo lothando kakhulu iprojekthi yokuqala, ingakumbi ngokumalunga uphahla kunye iCathedral. Dome wasala yedwa, yaye zancitshiswa ubukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphakama Cathedral St. kaIsake e St. Petersburg, nto leyo ke yangcwaliswa ngo-1802, yaba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba A. eqikelelweyo Rinaldi. Temple wajika kwagqama mhle.

Imbali ulwakhiwo Cathedral eSt uIsake zanamhlanje

Yinto ehambisana nobume isonto wezinto zakomkhulu. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwama esixhenxe, njengoko olu khuphiswano wabhengezwa ukuze kwakhiwe entsha. Alexander wabeka imeko yokuqala ekulondolozweni izibingelelo ezithathu ezazikho ngaphambili. Enye yi mnye, inkosi yenqaba projekthi icetywayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuphuhlisa iprojekthi ndingophathiswe namfama wezakhiwo Montferrand, waseFrance. Ebutsheni bowe-1818, iprojekthi leyo ivunywe yi kukumkani.

IKhomishini ekhethekileyo wayibeka, kwaye ngo-1819 ilitye yokuqala ibekwe kulawulo lokwakha.

Noko ke, kukho ukugxekwa kweprojekthi eyenziwe wezakhiwo A. odumileyo Modyui. Iziluleko zakhe engundoqo aphelela ubu isiseko kunye noyilo ngokungafanelekanga le nkundla enkulu. Ukuba kwakhona projekthi kunye cokisa, kodwa zonke izimvo zaye zathathelwa ingqalelo. Kuphela ngo-1825, iprojekthi leyo ekugqibeleni evunyiweyo, kunye nokwakhiwa isonto okuqhubekayo. I ndayigqiba engama-40.

May 30, 1858 yokumisela kwicawa entsha phambi yentsapho yasebukhosini.

Hi ndlela leyi, ukuphakama Cathedral St. kaIsake waza Ivan Enkulu Bell eMoscow ngelo xesha ingqalelo kakhulu ebonakalayo.

Ukubukela iqonga le Cathedral

Ukuba phambi 1917, Cathedral St. UIsake ingqalelo le yecawa ephambili eSt Petersburg, emva koko yaba imyuziyam. Ngexesha isakhiwo ibandla Enkulu Patriotic akukho ngokukodwa sifo, nangona ebudeni imvubu.

Okwangoku, le yecawa lisekhona imyuziyam, kodwa iiholide kunye imvume leCandelo kukho kuqhutywa inkonzo. Sokuqala senzeka ngo-1990.

Ngomhla kwivaranda le ndlu yecawa wakha iqonga ukubukela, nto leyo inika imbono elithandekayo mzi. Ungabona phantse zonke eziphambili lwalunjani St. Petersburg: i Winter Palace, i-Admiralty, Vasilevsky Island kunye Academy of Arts, yeeNgwevu kunye nokwakha Sinodi kunye nabanye.

Ubude bevule Isaac Cathedral ngu 43 leemitha. Ngasentla - kuphela intsimbi ende ye Smolny Cathedral, iqonga ukubukela leyo yakhiwa kwindawo ukuphakama kuyimitha 50.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba eSt Petersburg White ebusuku ibala St. kaIsake imini nobusuku.

Ukusuka St. Petersburg eMoscow

Ukuphakama eSt kaIsake Cathedral kunye Ivan Enkulu Bell umdla kubathandi ezininzi zembali kunye ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo Russian. About St. Petersburg Cathedral de uthi konke. Lixesha lokuba aye eMoscow, sesazulwini sayo kanye.

Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower ukwakweli yesicelo i-Cathedral Square. igama layo ngokupheleleyo - nenqaba intsimbi ibandla Ioanna Lestvichnika. Ngo-2008, wayeneminyaka eli-500 ubudala.

Ivan ukuphakama Great Bell ifikelela 81 leemitha (ngaphandle umnqamlezo).

Intsimbi inqaba ende yamaziko olondolozo lwembali, umzekelo, ngembali Moscow yesicelo. Kukho apha kunye kumgangatho okuboniweyo.

History of Ivana Velikogo intsimbi nqaba

Eminye imithombo zibonisa ukuba le ndawo ngo-1329 lwakwakhiwa ibandla lamaKristu Bogoslova Ioanna Lestvichnika, a yenzelwe "phantsi intsimbi". Noko ke, kamva wayitshabalalisa.

Ngowe-1505-1508 yi wezakhiwo Bon Fryazin wakha ilitye efanayo ezimhlophe izitena intsika ezintathu-tiered, ebude malunga-60 eemitha. Xa wenze ephantsi kwaba ngqo ibandla, kwi eliphezulu - neentsimbi. Isakhiwo elimiswe kukhunjulwa Ivan Wesithathu.

Kamva, ibandla ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphakama yeentsika eziphambili inyusiwe kwi Borisov Godunov. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphakama Ivana Velikogo intsimbi Tower waqalisa kudilizwa iimitha 81. A kwangethuba ukuba incamathele kwi belfry, eyenzelwe iintsimbi ezinkulu, kodwa enye itempile.

Ngexesha lokuhlasela intsimbi inqaba uNapoleon kaThixo wabandezeleka, ukuba ngokuyinxenye batshatyalaliswe. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, bathwalwa umsebenzi wokulungisa.

iintsimbi modernity

Okwangoku, nenqaba intsimbi Ivana Velikogo intsimbi walondoloza 21. Ezintathu kubo, ezona, efakwe kwi Filaret Annex kunye Belfry - kwingcinga (ngaphezu 65 iitoni), Reut (emide, phantse 33 iitoni) kunye Semisotnov (iitoni 13).

Ngqo elise intsimbi ende 18 iintsimbi, Kakade ke, ezincinane. Phezu kwenqanaba emazantsi ezintandathu kubo efakiweyo. Hi ndlela leyi, abamagama abayinqobo kakhulu, "Bear", "dada", "Wide", "Novogorodsky", "Sloboda" yaye "Rostov". Ubunzima kuzo encomekayo kakhulu - ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-3 ukuya ku 7.

I ibekwe enamanqanaba yesibini ezikhalayo 9, ogama lingu- kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ngelona xesha lisemva, lo wesithathu zifakwa iintsimbi ezintathu.

Ekuqaleni, zonke iintsimbi ijinga Imiqadi iinkuni, kakhulu kamva beqhutywa ukuya metal.

Zonke intsimbi Tower Ivana Velikogo intsimbi elibambeleyo. Babiza ngeeholide.

Xa ndiqukumbela, siya Kwakhona, Kakade ke, ukuphakama Cathedral St. kaIsake waza Ivan i Bell Great umxhelo. Noko ke, wamzisa ngakumbi kukhokelela yonke inkangeleko yabo, ngenxa yokuba ekunene ke obukhulu izakhiwo yehlabathi.