test Litmus i sisicatshulwa litmus afakwe kakubi iphepha. Isetyenziswa ukugqiba isidanga asidi okanye ayinayo kokusingqongileyo. Phambi litmus iphepha sentsimbi buzane, oko kusetyenziswa yedwa njengoko ngesalathisi kunye reagent michiza. Okokuqala kusetyenziswa ngesalathisi litmus esegumbini Spanish Arnaldo de Vilanova malunga 1300g. Le into yokuba imvelaphi zendalo, ukhutshwa ulele.
Uvavanyo litmus - sisalathisi esiti-base, leyo medium asidi bomvu, kunye ialakalin - oluhlaza. Kuxhomekeka umbala ubunzulu, usebenzisa isikali okhethekileyo, isigqibo pH. Esi salathisi pH okanye pH ngumlinganiselo ubungakanani Umlinganiselo wamanzi H + kunye OH- enziwa xa dissociation amanzi. Kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi isisombululo cala, pH-7, phakathi pH asidi <7, ialakalin pH> 7.
iphepha Litmus wasebenzisa indlela ngokwanelisayo lula in practice: kufuneka ukuba uthathe kuyo kwelinye ekupheleni nkxu ngendlela eliphakathi kwezinye ulwelo. Akukho mfuneko ashiye iphepha nzulu ulwelo. Isiphumo livela ngoko nangoko: ngoLwesithathu kwehlisa emphethweni okanye utshintsho lombala okanye hayi. Emva koko, eli phepha buthelekiswa kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni, leyo ezifakwe njenge iscale ityhubhu okanye kumqulu apho kwabakho ukukhanya. uvavanyo Litmus kuthathwa ukuba isibonisi jikelele, njengoko esakwenza oku uya kumisela iqondo ubumuncu kunye ayinayo medium.
Esi salathisi zingenziwa nasekhaya, kokuchitha ubuncinane ixesha nemali. Kuza kufuneka enkulu ebomvu, eluhlaza okanye ikhaphetshu nemfusa, icebo lokucoca okanye iphepha elimhlophe plain. Ikhaphetshu kufuneka tha, bilisa imizuzu 30-35, ngoko izicoci ukungena kakuhle. Ikhaphetshu ngokwayo ngeke kusadingeka, kwaye umhluzi ngenxa ukubeka iziqwenga wagawulwa ephepheni. Emva kokuba iphepha nowento ekroqiweyo, lisuse neyomileyo. Gcina le imfuneko iphepha zome izikhongozeli, kude nelanga. Ngokusebenzisa i Isalathisi okuzithandelayo ezinjalo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba inika lilikhulu kancinci imposiso womlinganiselo ngaphezu mveliso.
Uvavanyo litmus obunomfonomfo ayo okusebenzisa nsimbi ku inkcazo pH liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphela ngexesha amalinge imichiza ezikolweni kunye neelabhoratri lwezonyango, kodwa ekhaya. Ngoko, nawuphi na umntu ngokukhululekileyo, esebenzisa iphepha litmus, ixabiso le-pH unakho ukuchonga naluphi na ulwelo eziphilayo, izisombululo, imixube - ematheni, umchamo, ubisi lwebele, amanzi, iisepha, njl Parameters pH neencindi zomzimba kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokuzimeleyo kuzo izifo ezithile. Njengoko uvavanyo litmus lisetyenziswa kwi abalimi ekhaya ukugqiba isidanga asidi ayinayo umhlaba. Kuyenzeka ukuba bayisebenzise ukujonga pH izithambiso, ingakumbi ezo zisetyenziselwa zolusu, ekubeni Eyona nto inqwenelekayo kukuba kufuneka abe ngoondilele.