Indoda nefolokhwe. komzimba blade kwabantu

inkqubo yenkxaso kunye nentshukumo, equka amathambo, izihlunu kunye nemisipha kwi imisebenzi umzimba womntu wonke. Amathambo wambumba uhlobo olulodwa iiseli zomzimba nokuqina - osteocytes, lenziwa ngamasebe eziliqela. Oku kuquka lukakayi, emqolo, esifubeni, yaye esinqeni ezamahala esiphelweni ngokubonelela amathambo ambaxa imilenze eliphezulu kwaye obusezantsi kuntlahlahlungulu.

Kweli phepha, sinikela ingqalelo isakhiwo engundoqo ye scapula bomntu, kunye clavicle yakha umbhinqo kweqondo eliphezulu. Kwakhona ukuchaza indima yalo skeleton kanye uqhelane kunye ngezifo ixhaphakileyo.

iimpawu noshowo amathambo flat

Iyunithi inkxaso iquka iintlobo ezininzi bone: tubular, ugalelwe kwaye iflethi. Ahluke zombini inkangeleko kunye nolwakhiwo yokwakheka lwangaphakathi. Umzekelo, bone indawo kuthatha uhlobo iipleyiti ezimbini ezingcakacileyo, phakathi apho kulapho kukho inwebu ikhekhe inyama nomsi- kwaye kwakugcwele emithanjeni equlethe umongo ebomvu.

Yiyo le isakhiwo zezi kwentamo, ukhakhayi ikepusi, iimbambo, amathambo inyonga incakuba yabantu. Kungcono ukunceda ukukhusela amalungu izisekelo: imiphunga, intliziyo kunye izitya yegazi enkulu ngenxa yokothuka ngoomatshini kunye nomonakalo. Ukongeza nemisipha kakhulu umgangatho bone Planar nemisipha aqhoboshela inombolo elikhulu izihlunu ukuba enze intsebenzo static kunye neguquguqukayo. A lomongo wethambo ebomvu ngaphakathi moya ithambo, lisebenza organ engundoqo hematopoietic, beninikela corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes neeplatelets.

komzimba blade kwabantu

Ithambo liye elimile unxantathu, ngokusingisele umphezulu ngasemva kwentamo. inxalenye yayo ephezulu ingaphezulu cut, isahlulo medial kuvuliwe malunga yomqolo, angle osecaleni luyinto kwisisu articular. Liquka intloko tubular le ihumerus. Enye elementi kwesebe umbhinqo eliphezulu - clavicle, scapula elidityaniswe nge entlanganweni acromioclavicular. I-axis edlula kumphezulu elingasemva likhaba, ifikelela imiphezulu osisi adlulele kulo acromion. Sikhoyo i isiphambuka kunye ikhola kwamathambo kumphezulu ngokuhlangeneyo. A ukuqonda epheleleyo ngakumbi iimpawu yokwakheka ye amathambo caba unika photos scapula yabantu thaca ngezantsi.

Xa embryogenesis bone kuyilwa ukusuka mesoderm. A blade kwamathambo olusanda aluphelelanga, kunye osteocytes zifumaneka kuphela emzimbeni kunye emqolo, kwaye ezinye na isakhiwo cartilaginous (uhlobo enchondral of kwamathambo). Kunyaka wokuqala ubomi bomntwana kukho iingongoma of kwamathambo kwi coracoid, acromion kamva - ekupheleni zisecaleni ikhaba. Zalisa kwamathambo ugqibe iminyaka eli-18 yobomi.

Njengoko izihlunu eziqhotyoshelwe scapula

Indlela engundoqo ukudibanisa amathambo kunye nezihlunu kwinkqubo musculoskeletal - encedwa imisipha.

Imicu collagen Ngenxa ezenza isiphelo isabelo izo-, ukuya elisemqolo ibekwe ngaphezu ekupheleni eliphezulu kwisisu glenoid ye-blade, intloko yayo kudala izo- brachii eqhotyoshelweyo. Kwikona esezantsi unalo umphezulu benqumla efanayo apho encamathele ngokusebenzisa imicu izihlunu extensor ebambene kwegxalaba - i esineendidi (esineendidi kwezihlunu).

Ngoko ke, lo scapula yabantu ababandakanyeka ngqo kwi flexion nokwandiswa kwesebe ongentla nokulondoloza corset dystrophy umva. Amathambo alo mlenze umbhinqo eliphezulu - clavicle kunye scapula zinenkqubo oqhelekileyo nemisipha, kodwa iba likhaba amathathu inyanda yakhe ezingahambelaniyo egxalabeni kunye acromioclavicular amalungu.

coracoid intsingiselo

Ukususela ekupheleni aphezulu ikhaba oluya inxalenye ithambo, nto leyo amasalela ezinomqolo coracoid wabiza coracoid. Sikhoyo ngaphezu kwegxalaba ngathi nemibhalo. Ngokusebenzisa nakumlibo imisipha intloko elifutshane izo- kunye klyuvoplechevaya kunye nezihlunu pectoralis minor eqhotyoshelweyo.

Njengenxalenye scapula - ithambo, ngqo amaxesha yesiqephu aphezulu, inkqubo coracoid inxaxheba izihlunu ochasene: i izo- kunye esineendidi, kunye kwawo izihlunu zamagxa inika ukuthwala kwesebe eliphezulu ukuya kwicala kunye phezulu. Njengoko sibonile, inkqubo coracoid kubaluleke kakhulu kwisakhiwo ikhaba. Iyintoni imvelaphi yokwakheka nto na?

Coracoid kunye nendima yayo kwi phylogeny ekuyo

Ngaphambili, sigxile into yokuba maxa wambi nemilenze kuquka clavicle ngeziBini scapula. Man yohlukile kwezinye ezinomqolo, umzekelo, kwanezeentaka, nezezinambuzane, intlanzi kunye eziphila, ukuncitshiswa amathambo crow - coracoid. Inxulunyaniswa kwakhululwa ezisekupheleni eliphezulu kwemisebenzi entsonkothileyo ngokomzimba nolwahlukileyo ngohlobo motor racing, flight, inqanawa, okanye njengezinambuzane. Ngoko ke, phambi ithambo yesithathu ibhanti forelimb yaba lukhuni. Crow kwamathambo umntu lifinyele, kuphela inxalenye usekhona - inkqubo coracoid, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye ikhaba.

Pathology amathambo alo mlenze umbhinqo eliphezulu

Eyona anomaly uqhelekileyo isakhiwo blade zoluntu ezingunobangela weziphumo njengoko sanctions organogenesis Esibelekweni, okanye kwingxaki emva umonakalo izihlunu dystrophic okanye neuroinfections. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, iphiko-vanes syndrome uchazwa xa uviwo lwangaphandle yomguli kunye phezu radiograph.

Isifo ihamba isiba intlungu emagxeni kwaye isifuba ngenxa zomzimba olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Nixolelwe kwenzeka ngokuhambisana unyango - othintelo amanyathelo: umthwalo emzimbeni imvukelo, yokuthanjiswa, imisebenzi ekhethekileyo izihlunu zamagxa ze umva.

Enye emoyeni - iziphene akumgangatho ophezulu scapula (disease Sprengel i-). Le anomaly kudityaniswe wokunyhashwa isakhiwo omqolo, iziphene yokwakheka of iimbambo, umzekelo, coalescence okanye ukungabikho buso. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini sifo: olulodwa kunye ulingano ngokwaphula iincakuba-kabini ezimbini.

Ngenxa yoko, kunye izilonda amabini ye-blade lasekhohlo ingaphezulu kwe ekunene. Le anomaly yi yamehlo eyingozi myocytes kwi enkulu izihlunu: trapezius kunye rhomboid - ezinkulu nezincinane. Ukuba nesimo sengqondo esihle enokulindelwa ukusuka utyando, wabamba ingane ukuya kwiminyaka-8 ubudala, kwiminyaka kamva kutyando musa babhenele ngenxa umngcipheko ophezulu iingxaki, physiotherapy elilinganiselweyo nokuphulula.