Yintoni isikwere? Indlela yokufumana eziphezulu lecandelo moya lenxaki, umthamo kunye umzila we engile square?

Iimpendulo umbuzo malunga lisisikweri, zingasetwa. Konke kuxhomekeke kulowo nina nale ndaba. Le mvumi ithi ukuba isikwere - 4, 8, 16, 32 imivalo okanye jazz improvisation. Umntwana - nto umdlalo ibhola okanye kwimagazini yabantwana. Umshicileli kukuthumela ukufunda ubungakanani bomgca kunye nezixhobo - iintlobo metal-iprofayili.

Kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi kweli lizwi, kodwa namhlanje siza kubuza umbuzo lemathematika. Ke ...

Ukujongana nale nani, siya ngokuthe ngcembe, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; kwaye uqale kwimbali isikwere. Njengoko wabonakala, njengoko waqonda ngabantu, izazinzulu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nempucuko?

Imbali isifundo square

ihlabathi lamandulo Uyabubona isikwere, ikakhulu njengokuba iincam ezine. Ngokubanzi, nangona quads ezininzi, kanye kwindawo yembutho engundoqo inani - ezine. Kuba Asiriya kunye isikwere Peruvian - kulo lonke ihlabathi, oko kukuthi, iluphawu kumacala omane eziyintloko ikhampasi.

Nkqu yonke nqwa isikwere, ahlulwe izabelo ezine - umbono North America. Kuba Celtic, indalo - kuba njengoko ezintathu isikwere, ekwiseli, kwaye ukusuka embindini imilambo emine flow (!). Yaye onke amaYiputa babenqula eli nani!

Okokuqala echazwe iifomyula zemathematika amaGrike square. Ke kubo, le polygon uneempawu ezimbi kuphela. KaPythagoras akazange nje amanani noba, ukuwabona njengongenamandla kunye zobufazi.

Nkqu Iinkonzo square langoku. Ngo-Islam, Kaaba - inkaba komhlaba - ayikho ethile ukulenza, ezizezi ngokumila cubic.

Ngo-Indiya, i-emoshakeleyo engundoqo emele emhlabeni, okanye uphawu nehlabathi, libhaptizwe square. Kwakhona, sithetha iincam ezine, kwiingingqi zone zomhlaba.

E China, isikwere - ukuvumelana ihlabathi nocwangco. Isiphithiphithi nto yabonakala ibaluleke isakhiwo square Vary. A square abhaliwe isangqa, sisiseko kukubona ihlabathi, ebonisa umanyano uqhagamshelwano kwendawo yonke kunye Earth.

Yobuhedeni Russia - Square Svarog. Olu phawu ukwabizwa ngokuba Svarog Star okanye Star of Russia. Yinto entle inzima, njengoko eyenziwe ezidibanayo kunye nemigca ezivaliweyo. Svarog - uthixo ngensimbi, umdali engundoqo, umdali kunye nesibhakabhaka ngokwayo kule ntetho ka Rus. Olu phawu yiRHOMBUS, ezenza kwakhona ithetha Umhlaba kunye nemiyalelo yayo yomine. Kwaye inkwenkwezi ngokudangazela abane - iikona 4 zomhlaba, Lika Svaroga 4 - lwayo yakhe. A kwindawo ray - iziko.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga isikwere

Ibinzana kakhulu ethandwayo qatha engqondweni ophambili zethu - "Black Square".

picture Malevich iselelona ethandwa kakhulu. Umbhali emva kokuba indalo yayo ubunzima elide umbuzo wokuba yintoni nokuba kutheni isikwere elula omnyama kwisiqalo ezimhlophe utsalela ingqalelo ngokwayo.

Kodwa ukuba sihlolisise ngokusondeleyo, uyaqaphela ukuba loo moya square arhabaxa, kwaye iintanda inki emnyama i iseti shades multi-elimbala. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ekuqalekeni kwakukho sisincoko elithile, akazange ongayithandiyo umbhali, waza waluvala emehlweni ethu kulo mzobo. isikwere Black nje nantoni - umngxuma emnyama, kuphela imilo magic square. Ungaze yaziwa ukutsala ...

Enye "izikwere umlingo" ethandwa kakhulu. Enyanisweni oko - itafile, Kakade ke, isikwere ezaliswe amanani kwikholam nganye. Umdibaniso yezi amanani iyafana kuzo zonke Imiqolo, kwimiqolo kunye idayagonali (iyodwa). Ukuba idayagonali eceleni kule into, isikwere - semimagic.

Albrecht Dürer ngo-1514 wadala womzobo "Melancholia I", eyayinomfanekiso isikwere-4x4 imilingo. Oku umdibaniso amanani lwemihlathi, imikrozo, idayagonali, kwaye nkqu isikwere engaphakathi ezingamashumi amathathu anesine.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi iitafile puzzle umdla kakhulu kwaye ethandwa - "Sudoku".

AmaYiputa baba ngabokuqala ukwenza inani line Uqhakamshelwano (umhla wokuzalwa) kunye ngeempawu, ubuchule kunye eetalente umntu. KaPythagoras wathabatha olu lwazi, bambalwa processed wazibeka isikwere. Umphumo waba sikwere kaPythagoras.

Kuye indawo eyahlukileyo yamanani. Ukususela kumhla nokuzalwa kubala umntu ngokongeza amanani amane eziziintloko zibekwe kaPythagoras Square (isikwere). Bayibeka ngaphandle zonke iinkcukacha efihlakeleyo malunga amandla akho, ezempilo, italente, amathamsanqa, ubuntu kunye nezinye izinto ezishelfini. Kwi-avareji, ukuchaneka loluvavanyo 60% -80%.

Yintoni isikwere?

Square kuthiwa nani yemigca. Imilo isikwere - Ikwadrilatherali, nto leyo eye amacala alingane kunye engile. Okunye ncam, le quadrangle ebizwa echanekileyo.

Isikwere iye imiqondiso yayo. Zezi:

• amacala enobude alinganayo;
• angles ngokulinganayo phakathi ngokwabo - ngqo (degrees 90).

Ngenxa yezi mpawu kunye neempawu isangqa ophindwe ukuba sibhalwe, nilibhale ngeenxa zonke kuye. Le Isangqa nezisekelwe i tanjenti kuzo zonke eziphezulu zayo sibhalwe - embindini emacaleni aso. Eyona uza kuba ngaxeshanye embindini isikwere kwaye uya kwabelana nabo bonke kwikonw ngekona wakhe isiqingatha. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, iyalingana uwahlule iimbombo isikwere zibe alinganayo.

Enye oxwesileyo yahlula isikwere ibe ezimbini isosceles oonxantathu, emibini - ukuya kwisine.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ubude emacaleni isikwere - t, ubude embindini wesangqa nezisekelwe - R, yaye sibhalwe - r, ngoko

• indawo isiseko isikwere okanye indawo isikwere (S) silingana S = t ² = 2R ² = 4r ^2;

• isikwere lokubiyela P kufuneka kubalwe yi-P ifomula = 4t = 4√2R = 8r;

• ubude embindini wesangqa R = (√2 / 2) t;

• sibhalwe - r = t / 2.

Indawo isiseko square kukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukubala, esazi ecaleni lakhe (a) okanye ubude oxwesileyo bayo (c), ngoko ke ifomula izakuvela ngokulandelelanayo: S = ² no S = 1 / 2c ^2.

Yintoni lisisikweri, Sofunyanwa. Makhe sihlolisise iinkcukacha, kuba inani le sigcawu uxande macala. Uye ezintlanu amazembe yolingano-macala, omnye (yesine-order) udlula embindini kwaye aa Incopho womgca yembutho, kunye nabanye abane - axis ulingano ezimbini, ezimbini zazo enxuseneyo emacaleni, nize nidlule ezimbini nangaphezulu ngokuthi idiagonal kwisikwere.

Iindlela kwakha square

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, kubonakala ukuba akukho nto kulula kunokuba kwakhiwe ngcambu yokwenene. Oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa imeko ukuba zonke izixhobo yomlinganiselo. Ukuba into ayikho?

Makhe sijonge iindlela ezikhoyo, nto leyo eya kusinceda ukuba ukwakha lo mzobo.

Yokulinganisa irula ubeke isikwere - ezi zizixhobo eziphambili apho unako lula ukwakha isikwere.

Ekuqaleni, phawula ingongoma, bathi A, Siya kwakha phezu kwalo square kwisiseko.

Ukusebenzisa irula, aphambuke kuyo ukuya ekunene umgama elingana ubude icala, umzekelo-30 mm, kwaye wabeka indawo B.

Ngoku, ukusuka iingongoma ezimbini, esebenzisa perpendiculars gon baswayipha ukuya kwi-30 mm nganye. Xa iziphelo perpendiculars iingongoma ezibekiweyo C no-D, abaqhagamshelwe kuvimba omnye komnye, ukusebenzisa irula - zonke ABCD square ngecala 30 mm ukulungele!

Ukusebenzisa irula neprotrektha kwakhona kakhulu kulula ukwakha isikwere. Qala, njengakwimeko yangaphambili ngokwemiqathango, umzekelo N, ngaphandle interval yayo tyaba, umzekelo-50 mm. Beka ingongoma O.

Ke kaloku embindini neprotrektha connect with ngongoma H, ibhokisi kwi engile ⁰ 90, therethrough kunye nendawo H ikhulise ingxenye nkqo-50 mm ekupheleni kwayo kunye ingongoma P. Ngaphezu koko, ngale ndlela ukwakha ingxenye yesithathu ukusuka kwindawo O yi-engile 90 ⁰ ka 50 mm, makhe bubalaselayo ingongoma P. Connect amachaphaza R kunye R. ukuba ukhanyise OGMF square kunye ubude kwicala-50 mm.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ukwakha isikwere, esebenzisa ikhampasi kuphela lokulinganisa. Ukuba unayo ubungakanani ebalulekileyo seChi kwaye waziwa ngokuba ubude icala, kuya kufuneka ngakumbi wokubala.

Ngoko ke, wabeka ingongoma E lokuqala - oku kuya kuba ngenxalenye eziphezulu yesikwere. Okulandelayo, khetha indawo apho uya khona enekona malunga F, okt ulinde lokhwalimanzi oxwesileyo zomzimba wakho. Ukuba ukwakha isikwere ubungakanani, kunye nobude icala, ukubala ubude idiagonal ifomula:

d = √2 * a, apho a - ubude icala.

Wakuba uyazi ubude ubude idiagonal lokhwalimanzi ukwakha eli xabiso. Ukusuka indawo E kunye imbi bejonge indawo F bazobe isangqa of radius lokhwalimanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusuka kwindawo F - kwisangqa ukhangele E ngongoma, embindini efanayo. Ezibalekayo indawo ezi-nezangqa eziphantse, usebenzisa irula, zoba ikhonkco ingxenye. Lokhwalimanzi and GI phambana kwi engile kunye idayagonali kukho ikamva a isikwere. Dibanisa amachaphaza UOM, IL, ZHZ kwaye nomlawuli, uza kufumana i square EIZHZ sibhalwe.

Kuyenzeka nangoku ukwakha isikwere kunye umgca enye. Yintoni isikwere? Le nxalenye moya lingqongwe ezidibanayo ziqwempu (imigca ray). Ngenxa yoko, nathi ukwakha isikwere kwi uququzelelo of eziphezulu yayo. draw Lokuqala namazembe. Icala isikwere banokulala phezu kwabo, okanye ekudibaneni kwe-idayagonali beziko ingqamana kwinqanaba imvelaphi - kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zakho umnqweno okanye ingxaki. Mhlawumbi umbane iya zishiyane ukusuka axis kwi kumgama othile. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, uphawu lokuqala lwamaxabiso yamanani (randomly okanye phantsi kwemiqathango), iingongoma ezimbini, ngoko uya kwaziwa ubude ecaleni isikwere. Ngoku Ungabala uququzelelo kwezo eziphezulu ezimbini, sikhumbula ukuba emacaleni square ayalingana omnye komnye kwaye ngaxeshanye. Inyathelo lokugqibela - ukuqhagamshela onke amachokoza kwi kuthotho omnye nomnye nomlawuli.

Zeziphi izikwere?

Square - umzobo ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kuphela ngokungqongqo iinkcazelo zabo, ngoko ke iintlobo izikwere musa ziyahluka neyantlukwano.

I square geometry Euclidean ibonwa ngakumbi ngokubanzi - Ikwadrilatherali zinamacala alinganayo kunye neekona, kodwa inqanaba le-engile alukhankanywanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-engile ukuze degrees 120 ( "khaxa" isikwere), kunye, umzekelo, izidanga 72 ( "phakathi" isikwere).

Ukuba nicela nantoni na isikwere geometry okanye inzululwazi, baza kukuxelela ukuba - le grafu olupheleleyo okanye Planar (imiqolo K ₁ ukuya K _4). Kwaye yinyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Ubalo eziphezulu kunye nokuphela kwegqabi. Xa uvuka kwisibini wayalela, benza igrafu. Inani eziphezulu - lo umyalelo igrafu, inani leziphelo - ubukhulu bayo. Ngenxa yoko, isikwere - igrafu Planar kunye eziphezulu ezine kunye nokuphela kwegqabi ezintandathu, okanye K _4: 6.

ecaleni kwebhokisi

Omnye yemiqathango ezingundoqo ubukho kwisikweri - ubukho amacala alingane-ubude - yenza icala ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izibalo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye inikeza iindlela ezininzi ubude kwicala square elalibalwa phambi kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo umthombo data.

Ngoko ke, ukuze sifumane indlela ixabiso isikwere?

• Ukuba uyazi kuphela ubude idiagonal isikwere d, ngoko uyakwazi ukubala kwicala le ndlela zilandelayo: a = d / √2.
• Netoti wesangqa ebhalwe nguye ecaleni isikwere, yaye ngoko, kabini embindini, oko kukuthi: a = D = 2R.
• Embindini wesangqa nako kungaluncedo bana phandle yintoni na icala isikwere. Singafumana embindini R enobubanzi D, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, lilingana idiagonal isikwere d, kunye Ifomula idiagonal kwisikweri thina siyazi: a = D / √2 = d / √2 = 2R / √2.
• Ukususela ukulingana nto ithetha ukuba ufunde kwicala lwe ngcambu (a) kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa P umjikelezo layo kunye nendawo S: a = √S = P / 4.
• Ukuba siyazi ubude umgca ukuthi isuka kwikona kwisikweri aze agqithe embindini icala omelene C, i nathi sibe nako ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ubude icala square: a = 2C / √5.

Yiloo zingaphi iindlela ezikhoyo ukubona i parameter ezibalulekileyo ezifana ubude isikwere.

umthamo square

Ibinzana kukodwa ngqiqweni. Yintoni isikwere? Oku oyintsobi moya ukuba parameters amabini kuphela - ubude nobubanzi. Kwaye ke umthamo? Oku abalinganiswa ubungakanani isithuba yile into, oko kukuthi, oko ibalwe kuphela kumaqumrhu umthamo.

Asirhawule umzimba, bonke ubuso abo izikwere - i ityhubhu. Nangona umahluko omkhulu kwaye ebalulekileyo, abafundi badla zama ukubala umthamo a isikwere. Ukuba umntu ukuba uphumelela, i-Nobel Prize sibonelelwe.

Kwaye ukufumana umthamo amagaqa V, kwanele ukuba phinda zontathu ezimbanjeni zakhe - a, b, c: V = a * b * c. Yaye ekubeni ngokwenkcazo bayalingana, ifomula engafani: V = ^3.

Iyamthanda izitho iimpawu

Square, kwakunye nayiphi na polygon, kukho encotsheni - oku indawo apho umnqamlezo wakhe. Umphezulu wobuxoki isikwere isangqa ezichazwe ngeenxa zonke. Esebenzisa iziko phezulu kwesikweri esimnyama idiagonal liphela, nto leyo nayo bisector kunye embindini wesangqa nezisekelwe.

Ekubeni square - umzobo tyaba, ngoko ukukrola nokwakha isikwere cross-candelo akwenzeki. Kodwa kusenokuba ziziphumo kuhlangana abaninzi enkulu moya umzimba. Umzekelo, njengesilinda. icandelo yezihlunu le itankana - uxande okanye isikwere. Nokuba square inokwenzeka kwi ekudibaneni kwe-moya umzimba kwigophe!

Kodwa kwebhokisi kukho omnye sengqondo kwicandelo emnqamlezweni, kodwa kungekhona kwabanye, kodwa kwicandelo yegolide.

Sonke siyazi ukuba Ratio Golden - umlinganiselo apho ixabiso omnye inxulumene kwenye kwakunye mali yabo ixabiso elikhulu. Ngamafutshane, le pesenti ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ixabiso reference (imali) yahlulwe ngo 62 no-38 ekhulwini.

Eli candelo golden ethandwa kakhulu. Oku kusetyenziswa kuyilo, izakhiwo, ewe naphi, nkqu kuqoqosho. Kodwa ke inani efunyenwe yi kaPythagoras kuphela. Kukho, umzekelo, nkqu ibinzana elithi "√2". Kwi ineziseko zayo ukwakhiwa zeengxande onamandla, nto leyo ke Abaseki iifomati Iqela A (A6, A5, A4, njalo njalo). Kutheni sithetha oonxantathu ezinamandla? Ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwayo iqala nge isikwere.

Ewe, kuqala kufuneka ukwakha isikwere. Ecaleni kwakhe kuya kuba kulingana kwicala ezincinane xande ngayo kwixesha elizayo. Emva koko ke kufuneka benze idiagonal kwisikweri kwaye usebenzisa ikhampasi, ubude idiagonal xha ukuqhubeka kwisikwere. Ukusuka kwindawo kufunyanwe ekudibaneni ayakhayo uxande ogama oxwesileyo kwakhona ukwakha elinye ubude balo kwicala ukwandiswa. Ukuba uyaqhubeka ukusebenza eli cebo, uya kufumana zeengxande inamandla kakhulu.

Umlinganiselo icala elide ukuya elifutshane uxande yokuqala 0.7. Kuyinto phantse 0.68 kwicandelo segolide.

Iimbombo square

Eneneni, into entsha athi malunga engile kunzima. Zonke iipropati, nobona iimpawu isikwere, siye kuluhlu. Ke amagumbi, abane kubo (as in nayiphi quadrangle), kwikona nganye square - umgca othe ngqo, oko kukuthi, kukho ubukhulu degrees asithoba. Xa inkcazelo, kukho isikwere yoxande. Ukuba iimbombo ezinkulu okanye ezincinane - eli nani eyahlukileyo.

Idiagonal isikwere yahlulwe kubini ezimbombeni zaso, okt ke bisectors.

square equation

Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba zibale ixabiso magnitudes ahlukeneyo isikwere (ngesikwere ubude umjikelezo emacaleni okanye idayagonali) asebenzise quadratic ezahlukeneyo, apho zivela iimpawu isikwere, yaye imithetho ezisisiseko imithetho geometry.

1. Isibalo square indawo

Ukususela zibalo ukubala kwindawo Ikwadrilatherali, siyazi ukuba (i endaweni) imveliso ubude nobubanzi. Kwaye njengoko kwicala isikwere alinganayo ngobude, le ndawo iya kulingana nobude ngapha nangapha, wakha kwinqanaba lesibini

S = ^a-2.

Ukusebenzisa theorem kaPythagoras, sinako ukubala kummandla isikwere besazi ubude idiagonal.

S = d ^2/2.

2. Le equation yomjikelezo square

Kujikelezo isikwere, ngokunjalo zonke quadrangles, lingana umdibaniso ubude macala omabini, kwaye ukusukela ukuba ziyafana zonke, kunokuthiwa ukuba kwisikweri yomjikelezo ubude lwendawana, iphindwe ezine

P = a + a + a + a = 4a.

Kwakhona theorem kaPythagoras kusinceda sikwazi ukufumana kujikelezo ngokusebenzisa idiagonal. Kuyimfuneko ukuba silixabisa ubude oxwesileyo liphindaphindwe iingcambu ezimbini ezimbini

P = 2√2d

3. Isibalo idiagonal i square

Oxwesileyo lwe ngcambu bayalingana ku gqiba kwi engile yahlulelana kwindawo point of ezimbini.

Uyakwazi ithole ku ngokususela quadratic ngasentla kwingingqi kunye yomjikelezo square

d = √2 * a, d = √2S, d = P / 2√2

Kukho iindlela ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ubude idiagonal a isikwere. Embindini wesangqa abhaliwe sikwere ngayo ilingana isiqingatha idiagonal, ke

d = √2D = 2√2R, apho D - ubukhulu, kwaye R - embindini wesangqa sibhalwe.

Ukwazi embindini wesangqa nezisekelwe, ukubala oxwesileyo lula, kuba ubukhulu, ngamanye d = D = 2R.

Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukubala ubude idiagonal, besazi nobude kumgca ephuma kwikona ukuya embindini square C: d = √8 / 5 * C.

Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba isikwere - isiza moya, lingqongwe ngemigca ezine ezidibanayo.

Kuba imigca (iimilo owawubumbela) kukho quadratic ngokwaneleyo musa ukuba inkcazo engaphezulu, kodwa umgca alupheli. A limited imigca zepolygons ekudibaneni. Kuba oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa iikoteshini yomgama ezidityanisiweyo esicacisa imigca ethe ngqo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye ezongeziweyo iparameters, iimeko.

Ukuze ubone iimilo kuyimfuneko ukwenza inxaki yokuba wayeza ukuchaza akukho umgca kodwa lokuphumla eyahlukileyo engenasizathu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka eminye imigomo neenkcazelo.

_{[X / x i] * [} x i / x] * y i - oku i'quadratic ekhethekileyo maninzi.

Kwizibiyeli ezisisikwere kuyo indawo kwi imeko ngaphandle yinxenye iqhezu inani, oko kukuthi, kufuneka sihambe kuphela lonke inani. y _i - umsebenzi lowo uluhlu lweentlobo parameter x kwi x _i.

Ukusebenzisa le lenxaki, esinokuzifumana i'quadratic entsha ukubala ubude kunye nomgca ebandakanya amacandelo amaninzi. It is a basic, jikelele ukuba maninzi.

Khumbula ukuba isikwere - kuba yinxalenye ye-moya, ngoko inkcazelo yawo yohlobo y = f (x) angamelwa, amaxesha amaninzi nje umsebenzi multi-oxabisekileyo, nto leyo, ungaboniswa zicacileyo ukuba azimise parametrically, oko kuxhomekeke a t parameter:

x = f (t), y = f (t).

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kudibaniso equation jikelele ukumelwa parametric, kunokwenzeka ngokwenene ukuba kuveliswe inxaki kokuvakaliswa weepholigoni:

x = ((A2 + A3) * A5 + A4 * P) * eKosi (L)

y = ((A1 + A4) * A5 + A3 * P) * Sin (L),

apho

A1 = [1 / [T / P]] * [T / P]; A2 = [2 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 2]; A3 = [3 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 3]; A4 = [4 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 4]; A5 = TP * [T / P],

apho P - idiagonal uxande, L - i-engile utyekelo ukuya tye, P oxwesileyo, T - parameter angafaniyo kwi P Uluhlu ku 5P.

Ukuba L = 3,14 / 4, ngoko ke equation Izakuchaza nezikwere ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani idiagonal P.

Ukusetyenziswa square

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje zobugcisa zikuvumela ukuba uqhoboshele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo imilo square, okanye ngaphezulu kanye icandelo square emnqamlezweni.

Oku kakhulu intle, atshiphu, nto kwaye ikhuseleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngoku benze imibhobho isikwere, amathumba, ucingo (iintambo zombane), kunye ngomsonto square.

iingenelo Main zisekuhleni kanye, ukuba uphume geometry sabaqalayo. Ngenxa inani elifanayo wesangqa ebhalwe indawo square incinane indawo apho kuyo wangena, ngenxa yoko, okugqiba okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ityhubhu sikwere ngcingo square ukuba ibe ngaphezu koko kwezi analogs ngeenxa zonke.

Amaxesha amaninzi ziphele square ezihle ngakumbi sikholisa kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukufaka, entabeni.

Xa ukhetha le mathiriyeli kubalulekile ukubala ngokuchanekileyo isikwere cross-icandelo ukuya ucingo okanye umbhobho ethembekile umthwalo kuyimfuneko. Kwimeko nganye, Kakade ke, kuya kufuneka iparameters ezifana amandla ngoku okanye uxinzelelo, kodwa imigaqo esisiseko zejiyometri yesikwere akakwazi ukwenza apha. Nangona ubungakanani kwicandelo isikwere kangako ubalwa njengoko ezikhethwe i parameters anikwe yezintlu ebekwe iindwendwe mveliso eyahlukeneyo.