Platform East European: imilo ngengingqi. imithombo yezimbiwa kweqonga European East

Uninzi kwintsimi yaseYurophu Russia, kunye namazwe athile angabamelwane ibekwe kwindawo lwezwekazi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, leyo ibizwa ngokuba iqonga East yaseYurophu-. Elimi apha uninzi tyaba, nangona kukho iimeko, leyo ukuxoxa ngezantsi. Lo mgangatho ukhona omnye omdala emhlabeni zolwakhiwo mhlaba. Makhe sihlolisise, ukuba kukho isiqabu le East European Platform, apho izimbiwa ezifakwe kuwo, ngokunjalo Yintoni inkqubo nokubunjwa kwayo.

nendawo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ufumanise ukuba apho kanye lo kumiswa neznye.

East qonga bamandulo baseYurophu, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, iqonga Russian, ifumaneka kwiindawo wejografi neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla Yurophu. Singene kakhulu inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, kwakunye kummandla kumazwe angabamelwane alandelayo: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, eFinland, eSweden, inxalenye Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan kunye eNorway.

Emantla-ntshona we-East-European iqonga yamandulo kudlulela zokusekwa kwe-Caledonian orogeny eNorway, ngomhla umda wayo yasempuma iintaba phambene, kumntla - i-Arctic Ocean, kuLwandle ngasezantsi abaNtsundu Sea lweCaspian, kwakunye eentaba ye Carpathians, eCrimea kunye Caucasus (zamaSkitiya isitofu).

Le ndawo iyonke platform malunga 5500 macala onke. M. km.

Imbali i

zomhlaba ziitectonic plates East European Platform ziphakathi indala kwihlabathi zolwakhiwo mhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba eqongeni lisekhona kumaxesha pre-Cambrian.

Phambi ukuyilwa owenziwa emhlabeni olunye izwekazi Pangea kwintsimi iqonga Russian yaba lizwekazi eyahlukileyo - Baltika. Emva kokuba ukuphela Pangea iqonga yaba yinxalenye Laurasia, yaye emva ukungcola yokugqibela - inxalenye Eurasia, yona namhlanje.

Ebudeni beli xesha, ukwakheka, wayifulela ngamatye lentlenga ukuba abunjwe ngale ndlela yoncedo kweqonga East yaseYurophu.

inkundla

Njengabo bonke amaqonga yamandulo, isiseko-European Mpuma ongaphantsi crystalline. On top of kuyo kwizigidi zeminyaka ukwenza umaleko lamatye ludaka. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo, isiseko uza kumphezulu, kusekwe a iiphaneli crystalline.

Kulo mmandla isihlangu ezimbini (emzantsi - ikhaka Ukrainian emntla-ntshona - kwiBaltic Shield), nto leyo omelwa kwimephu pleyiti ziitectonic plates.

East European Plain

Enjani kumphezulu liqonga East European-? zomhlaba kwenzxiwa onduli kwaye iflethi. Lubonakala yi alternation weentaba ephantsi (200-300 m), nezihlambo. I-avareji ezindaweni mmandla, ekuthiwa eMpuma-European, ngu-170 m.

Eastern European (okanye Russian) Plain yeyona nto inkulu uhlobo olulula eYurophu enye enkulu ehlabathini. indawo yayo ohlala uninzi kummandla eqongeni Russian kwaye imalunga 4000 macala onke. M. km. Ibanga kuLwandle lweBaltic kunye Finland kunye kuquka ngasentshona ukuya phambene kwiiNtaba kwi basempumalanga 2500 km, kwaye ukusuka kweelwandle ye-Arctic Ocean emantla (Barents kunye White) kwi-Black, lweCaspian kunye Azov yolwandle emazantsi km 2,700. Ngelo xesha ke inxenye ngakumbi iprojekthi enkulu-isikali, ekuthiwa European Plain Enkulu, unyenyisa ukusuka Atlantic Ocean kunye zasePyrenees Mountains eFransi ukuya phambene etintshaveni. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuphakama umndilili Russian Plain leemitha 170, kodwa indawo yayo ephezulu ifikelela 479 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Le ise-Russian Federation Bugulma-Bebeley ezintabeni eentaba ye phambene Iintaba.

Ukongeza, kuloo mmandla ikhaka Ukrainian, nto leyo nayo ibekwe ethafeni Russian, isa- kukho uhlobo imveliso yamatye crystalline zeenqwelwana platform ngaphandle. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, Priazovskaya endulini, indawo eliphezulu apho (Belmak-Ingcwaba) yi 324 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Isiseko se Russian Plain liqonga East-European, apho izakhiwo mandulo kakhulu ziitectonic plates. Kwaye oku ngenxa flat sezwe.

Ezinye izinto zokunceda

Kodwa Russian Plain ingengomntu eendawo kuphela equlethe iqonga East yaseYurophu-. Elimi apha kuthatha kunye nezinye iintlobo. Oku ehambisana ingakumbi imida eqongeni.

Umzekelo, ngokugqithileyo kumntla-ntshona eqongeni eNorway, eSweden eFinland ke crystalline ikhaka lweBaltic. Apha, kumazantsi yaseSweden, ibekwe Sredneshvedskaya nezihlambo. ubude bayo ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi ukusuka empuma kuye entshona, ngokulandelelana ilingana no-200 km yaye km 500. Ukuphakama apha ngaphantsi kwe m 200.

Kodwa kumantla Sweden kunye Finland ihewu ibekwe Norland. ukuphakama kwayo eliphezulu ngu 800 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Inkangala luphawulwa site ezincinane Norwegian equka iqonga European East. Elimi ke uba isimilo weentaba. Yaye akumangalisi, kuba entabeni ukuya entshonalanga ngcembe uba iintaba yokwenene kakhulu, sithwele igama aseScandanavia. Kodwa ezi zintaba sele efunyenwe orogeny Caledonian, hayi ezinxulumene ngqo kwabo ezichazwe kwi iqonga ngokutsha njengoko kubonisiwe kwimephu ziitectonic plates.

umfula

Ngoku jonga kwi amadama eziphambili apho ibekwe kwintsimi phantsi eqongeni sifundo. Ngapha koko, bona, nazo, isiqabu-zinto.

Umlambo inkulu iqonga East yaseYurophu kunye lonke eYurophu iVolga. Ubude bayo ngu 3530 km, kwaye indawo pool million 1,36 macala onke. M. km. Lo mlambo aqukuqela ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, lo gama kumazwe angabamelwane uyila ahambelanayo ifomu uncedo wezandyondyo eRashiya. IVolga uthululela kuLwandle lweCaspian.

Enye emlanjeni ndoqo Russian nguye Dnieper. Ubude bayo km 2287. Yena, efana iVolga, aqukuqelayo evela emantla ukuya emazantsi, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo udade wayo elide, ngaba mandingaweli kuLwandle lweCaspian kunye noLwandle Black. Umlambo aqukuqela mmandla yamazwe amathathu: Russia, Belarus kunye Ukraine. With malunga nesiqingatha ubude bayo uwa ngqo kwi Ukraine.

Amanye imilambo emikhulu kwaye yaziwa kakuhle kweqonga Russian kufuneka iquke i-Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), i Bug Southern (806 km), Neva (74 km), isebe kak Seversky Donets River (1,053 km), isebe iVolga Oka (1499 km) kunye Kama (2030 km).

Ukongeza, le nxalenye kumzantsi-ntshona iqonga kuLwandle Black, umlambo weDanube. Ubude yalo mlambo mkhulu 2960 km, kodwa phantse ngokupheleleyo kuthatha kuthi ngaphaya kwemida kweqonga sifundo, kwaye kuphela umlomo weDanube kubekwe endaweni yayo.

amachibi

Kukho kwi kwintsimi iqonga Russian kunye nechibi. I inkulu kubo ibekwe kumntla-Russia. Yinto enkulu yamanzi Ngcayechibi eYurophu Ladoga (indawo 17.9 amawaka macala onke. Km.) Yaye Lake Onega (9.7 amawaka macala onke. Km.).

Ukongeza, xa ngasezantsi Platform Russian ibekwe Sea lweCaspian, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, olulichibi netyuwa. Kuyinto umzimba wamanzi ehlabathini ukuba ayinayo ufikelelo elwandle. indawo wayo 371,0 macala onke. M. km.

minerals

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise izimbiwa kweqonga European East. Izibilini kulo mmandla esisityebi kunene izipho. Ngoko, xa kwimpuma Ukraine kunye ntshona eRashiya yenye ezinkulu izitya amalahle ehlabathini - Donbass.

Ngomhla kummandla Ukraine nayo intsimbi Krivoy Rog nezadunge Nikopol manganese. Ezi iidipozithi zinxulunyaniswa ukufikelela kwi komhlaba ikhaka Ukrainian. igcina zentsimbi ezingakumbi kummandla Kursk Magnetic Anomaly eRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ikhaka waphuma phandle, kodwa ndachwechwa kufutshane kakhulu kumphezulu.

Kule ndawo ye lweCaspian Basin, ngokunjalo e Tatarstan, kukho iidipozithi enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu zeoli. Kwakhona amazwe kumzantsi kummandla oyile negesi e Ukraine.

On the Kola Peninsula apatite kwasekwa imveliso ngendlela engazange mveliso.

Eneneni, ezi zezona izimbiwa ezingundoqo kweqonga European East.

Imihlaba ye Platform Russian

zathu kukho iqonga East yaseYurophu? Ewe, kunjalo kulo mmandla enye imihlaba ndawo zichume ehlabathini. Ingakumbi iindidi ezixabisekileyo zomhlaba ibekwe emzantsi embindini Ukraine, ngokunjalo kummandla Black Umhlaba of Russia. Zibizwa ngokuba umhlaba omnyama. Le umhlaba ndawo zichume ehlabathini.

Ihlathi ukuchuma komhlaba, ezifana ongwevu, apho ibekwe ngasentla chernozems usezantsi kakhulu.

iimpawu ngokubanzi iqonga

Forms isiqabu Russian kwahluka kakhulu iintlobo enkulu. Phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala amathafa. Nje platform East yaseYurophu kudala enkulu isakhiwo eYurophu flat. Kuphela kwimiphetho inokufumaneka ihewu eliphezulu. Oku kungenxa midala eli qonga, zingasayi iinkqubo orogenic kwaye imo yezulu induli mpuluswa ezazikho apha kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

Lo mmandla lisikelelwe zigcine kwezimbiwa. Ingakumbi kuyimfuneko ukwabela imali ebekiweyo amalahle kunye intsimbi, ngokwemigaqo apho eqongeni Russian yenye iinkokeli zehlabathi. Kukho kwakhona oovimba oyile kunye nezinye izimbiwa.

Apha luphawu jikelele kubonakala neqonga East yaseYurophu, ukuma kwayo, izimbiwa zigcinwa ngaphakathi, kwakunye iimpawu zelizwe kule ndawo. Kakade ke, eli lizwe osikelelekileyo, unika abahlali zonke izibonelelo zalo kuyimfuneko ukuba isetyenziswe kakuhle, iya kuba ngundoqo inkqubela.