Economy Classical lwezopolitiko

Imvelaphi yalo esikolweni ngenkulungwane ye-17 ngenxa yokuba imfundiso yezoqoqosho yokuqala ezisemthethweni - mercantilism - uphumile umhla, kwaye wayengasakwazi ukuqhuba nokusombulula iingxaki ezijongene uqoqosho ngelo xesha. Classical yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko, nto leyo Kwandile zinakanwa ngukhokho W. uPetty, wathabatha kwenzeke ngamanyathelo yayo ukwakheka ethile, nto leyo sifuna ukuthetha ngakumbi.

Isigaba sokuqala - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 kunye 18 phambi kwexesha, xa uWilliam uPetty eNgilani Per Buagilber eFransi waqalisa ukwenza elitsha ngelo xesha imeko ngokuphathelele kwimiba yezoqoqosho, leyo kungekudala yaguquka yaba ingcamango enjalo, njengoko kwisikolo classical kuqoqosho lwezopolitiko.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isikolo lwamandulo ngenkulungwane ye-18, liqulunqe kuyibika umdla njengokuba physiocracy, omseki Fransua Kene. Abameli le meko ubukhulu becala wagxininisa ezolimo, ekholelwa ukuba oko kuphela ngokwenene kudala imveliso. Kwaye, umzekelo, ngokulula ngensimbi efanayo ukuguqula izinto ezikhoyo, ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo ayikho kubaluleke kangaka.

Inqanaba lesibini enxulumene ngokupheleleyo kunye ngezoqoqosho abalaseleyo uAdam Smith, umsebenzi wakhe 'ubutyebi beentlanga "(1776) ise ngumba umdla kwinzululwazi. "Isandla ezingabonakaliyo 'yakhe edumileyo ibonwa ingcamango obalaseleyo ixesha nexesha elide elaziwayo nokhunye kuphela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kukho imithetho ethile injongo eziye zanegalelo yokuba naluphi na uphando ukuze iinzuzo ngamnye usenokuphila ukuze kuxhamle uluntu lonke. Kwelinye icala, kukho indlela kwimarike a ukungqinelana phakathi komdla abathengi nabathengisi.

Inqanaba lesithathu (phantse isiqingatha yonke yokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-19) yabalasela inguqu, ingakumbi eNgilani, ukuba imveliso nokuhambisa, nto leyo ebe negalelo ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo yezoshishino. yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko Classical kwinqanaba wokuhlaselwa Ricardo, T. Malthus, JB Kubonakale.

Kule yokugqibela, kwinqanaba lesine, wathabatha kwisiqingatha sesibini lonke kwenkulungwane ye-19, Karlom Marksom, kuqala kwiinto zonke, avelise kulungiswa imisebenzi engcono ezingeniselwe lonke ixesha, yada isikolo classical kuqoqosho lwezopolitiko.

Ndingade ndithi ukuba oku kudla ngokuba isikolo eyahlukileyo kancinane - a yoohlohlesakhe yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko. Isibakala ukuba kunye naye, yaye nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho zoqobo lwezopolitiko, njengabameli zigxininise wokukhusela imitsalane bongxowankulu. neengcebiso zabo malunga bayise-nokuhamba zoqobo kwezoqoqosho, ngokungafaniyo iingcamango mercantilist ezaye esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi nkqubo protectionist.

Uqoqosho Classical ezopolitiko - oku ngokwenene isifundo esibalulekileyo lweenkqubo ezininzi zoqoqosho ngokwesiseko kuphela iingxoxo kunye nokucingela, kunye nezifundo theoretical component. Ngoko ke, ngokungafaniyo ne empiricism zakudala mercantilist.

Uqoqosho Classical lwezopolitiko luphawulwa zinto zilandelayo:

1. Oku kusekelwe zabasebenzi ukuba ingcamango yexabiso. Le ezakudala bathi nayiphi na imveliso zahlolwa ngokwemiqathango ngendlela iinzame kuzanywa imveliso yawo.
2. Urhulumente kufuneka ungenelele kuqoqosho kuncinane.
3. Jonga ezakudala kuphelela kwindawo yemveliso, kanti kwindawo ejikeleza iya ecaleni kwendlela.
4. Kwaqaliswa phants 'komntu kwezoqoqosho ", oko kubonwa kanye oko wonke umntu ofuna ukuzuza, kodwa ezona iziseko yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko.
5. Imali ihlawulwe hayi ingqalelo kakhulu, uninzi nemisebenzi yazo ithi nje kuqwalaselwa. Imali - kuphela ke, ngokusebenzisa oko kunokwenzeka ukuba bacebisane iimveliso.
6. Bema uxhomekeko: umvuzo ngakumbi, kokukhona kunyuswe inani labasebenzi, kunye vice versa.

Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho lwezopolitiko yamandulo - imfundiso, owathatha mercantilism, leyo ngenxa yeemeko ezithile (uphuhliso ubudlelwane yorhwebo-mali, kokugqitywa kobutyebi ngendlela eyayingekaphuhli eyinkunzi , njalo njalo), ukuba igcinwe nesantya ngenkqubela kwezoqoqosho uluntu ngelo xesha. Noko ke, kweyobunzululwazi zombini imisinga inani ubukhalipha kunye nenzala wafunda kuphela zoqoqosho.