Yintoni i-lymphoma? Iimpawu, unyango, ukuhlaziya, izigaba

Yintoni lymphoma? Olu hlobo imihlaza yegazi. Ngelishwa, isixa kwezifo oncological ngoku landa kakhulu. Yintoni isizathu sokuba oku, akwaziwa. Eminyaka, izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke sisebenzela ukuba zizakhele unyango lomhlaza. Noko ke, loo nto ngokupheleleyo kuyilwa le sifo ifunyenwe kuphela inani elincinane lezigulane.

Kodwa ke uphando na ukuma. Ngaphambilana lokufunyaniswa "lymphoma" yangaphambili, enikwe yi oogqirha, kwaba ongenayo. Izigulane baphila akukho ngaphezu kweminyaka 1-3, kuxhomekeke eziphilayo ngamnye. Ngoku amathuba okusinda zingaphezulu kakhulu, izigulane ezininzi ngokwaneleyo kuxolelwe ixesha elide (malunga eyi-10).

Lymphoma (yintoni na le sifo, ezichazwe iinkcukacha ngezantsi) zingachaphazela naliphi na iqumrhu, nto leyo ehambisana nenkqubo emithanjeni. Le spleen inoxanduva ucoco igazi, tonsils, ukukhusela ukususela ekusulelekeni, lomongo wethambo, thymus kunye nabanye. Nangokurhala Iziko nga ukwandisa kakhulu, ekubeni phantse onke amalungu zangaphakathi ziqulathe inyama emithanjeni.

Ngoko ke, simazi sifo, iimpawu zayo nendlela isifo. Eli nqaku kwakhona ujonge ezinye yeyona ixhaphakileyo lymphoma iintlobo.

Yintoni lymphoma: ingqiqo jikelele

Enye iindidi zezifo hematological yi lymphoma. It senziwa izihlunu emithanjeni, ethetha ukufukuka isici. Ithumba enjalo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi inokuzitshintsha kwaye uqale ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Lymphocyte bangabi nakufa, ekhokelela sokuzuza zabo. Bona ngokuthe ngcembe ukubuyisela zonke iiseli igazi. Oku, ichaphazela umsebenzi onke amalungu zangaphakathi. ngoko nangoko lymphoma isigulane uziva silale kwaye udinwe ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zokuqala kwezi izigulane kwandiswa iindawo nkovu, ngoko ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba buhlungu. Ngexesha bayagula kubandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo:

• inguinal;
• entanyeni;
• axillary.

Lymphoma, xa kuthelekiswa yamathumba eqinileyo, asinto nje nako iyakhula, kodwa ukuba wonke umzimba, wakha izilonda ezimbalwa arhabaxa. Le nkqubo yenziwa egazini kunye nezihlunu kwenkqubo emithanjeni.

Lymphoma - yintoni na kwesi sifo ndinaso? Ngoko nangoko kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngobuqili bakhe. Ezinye iintlobo zalo bayakwazi ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala kwenzeka nazimpawu ngokupheleleyo, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni ilahleko kwexesha oxabisekileyo apho umntu ukoyisa phantse ngokupheleleyo sifo. Xa amayeza, lo mhlaza yahlulahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: lymphoma non-Hodgkin kaThixo kunye nesifo Hodgkin kaThixo. Ngezansi ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ngamnye kubo.

ngezigaba

lymphomas yingozi, Noko ke, njengokuba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza babe ngokwahlukana inyathelo. Loo kudidi ivumela oogqirha ngokwaneleyo ukujonga ngokuchanileyo izinga lomonakalo. Kwakhona, le nkcazelo isiseko sokuphuhlisa unyango ebanzi, oko eqongeni iya kuxhomekeka iindlela lomzabalazo lymphoma kwaye zibeka iziyobisi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umphumo nethumba ekuqaleni uphuhliso yahluke kakhulu ukusuka iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngeendlela phambili. Inqanaba lokuqala nolwesibini kuthathwa ekuhlaleni, oko kukuthi, esi isibetho asiqhenqethanga wonke umzimba, kwaye unezilonda ithumba ephambili. Luphawulwa metastases ifomu kwesesithathu nakwesesine isizukulwana kunye nokusasazwa. Bona ke ngokuqhelekileyo obizwa ngokuba eqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango ezi zigaba zicwadi kunzima kakhulu, yaye ipesenti kwizigulane ziqukiwe kuxolelwe ixesha elide, a elincinane kakhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba balibazise unyango xa unesifo "lymphoma". Chemotherapy - indlela kuphela ukulwa yamathumba umhlaza kwi inyathelo wesine, omnye akanako ukunika iziphumo ezincumisayo.

Kwisigaba sokuqala sifo zihlelwa usebenzisa oonobumba:

• A - nokuqukuqela uphawu.
• B - ikhatshwe yi ilahleko elibukhali ubunzima, umkhuhlane kunye ukubila elimsulwa lweenkcukacha, esizibonakalisa ebusuku.

Isigaba kanye abayichaza

• Isigaba sokuqala.

Oku sisiqalo uphuhliso nethumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeli xesha esi sifo kubonakaliswa omnye ukujoliswa kwiintetho ezikralayo, nto leyo ibandakanya enye kuphela indawo ye ezalathelwe nkovu. Xa ekuxilongweni kwesi sigaba unikwe unyango nokuthantamisa, nto leyo enika ithuba lokusinda phantse-80% yezigulane.

• Isigaba sesibini.

Kweli nqanaba uphuhliso lymphoma Inyathelo 2 kuyaba izibhaxu ngaphezu ezimbini ithumba eziquka iindawo ezininzi iindawo nkovu, kodwa esi sifo ayikho ngaphaya Isifuba okanye isisu, kuxhomekeka apho ithumba zaseprayimari. Kulo nyathelo, nethumba nga aphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.

• Isigaba sesithathu.

Ngeli xesha, kukho luphuhliso olukhawulezayo iiseli zomhlaza ukuba wonke umzimba. Phantse zonke kwiindawo nkovu bosulelekile, leyo iindumbisa uphawu. ubukhulu balo kwandisa njengomsebenzi zokwanda iiseli sifo. Ngelishwa, 20 kuphela% ezigulane zingafumaneka kweli nqanaba ukuze ufumane uxolelo izinzile.

• Isigaba sesine.

Le nkqubo ibandakanya amalungu lwangaphakathi njengoko udakada, intliziyo, izintso kunye nabanye. Ithumba utshisa wamathambo, ngoko ngethuba lokuhlolwa efunekayo ukuze okuhlatywa kuthathwa ukuze ukuhlola izinga lomonakalo. Ukongeza kwezi iingxaki, iqonga yesine luphawulwa ukuyilwa metastases. Ukuphumeza uxolelo phantse ayinakwenzeka kule fomu kwesi sifo.

Iimpawu kuthiwa of lymphoma

Emva kwimbono le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla ukuqonda oko lymphoma na, kulula, kodwa ngoku kufuneka ukuba bajongane iimpawu, elinokuba intsimbi yokuqala, siluleka ingozi. Kwangoko iphawule into yokuba iimpawu zesi sifo ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo thumba.

Ingozi lokuqala kukuba iimpawu zokuqala ezifanayo kakhulu ingqele eqhelekileyo. Le fever degrees 37, intloko ebuhlungu, iingqaqambo zomzimba, ukudinwa. Kule meko, i yayibaluleke ixesha: Ukuba ziqhubeka kwiiveki 2-3, kufuneka ufune icebo a segazi.

ukumisela inkqubo thumba ngokwalo kunokuba nzima. Ngoko, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifo enjalo ingaba iphetshana afihlakeleyo, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise Itomography ngekhompyutha.

Umqondiso zicacileyo lymphoma lo tshintsho nkovu node. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ihamba ubuhlungu, ubuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukuba Ithumba kuphuhliswa kwi kwisisu, oko sivame olwaphula isitulo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye ukuqunjelwa. Kwizigulane abaminyaka yobudala eyi-40 kubonakala imilenze idumbile.

Ngoko ke, thina ukhethe mpawu zixhaphakileyo of lymphoma:

• iindawo nkovu kalanga;
• umkhuhlane;
• ndiyabila;
• nokudinwa;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• nokudinwa;
• komzimba;
• ukulunywa;
• ukudumba tonsils;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• ukukhohlela elide.

Ngelishwa, zonke ezi mpawu zixhaphakile ezinye iintlobo zezifo, ngoko ubukho babo awukwazi kungqina ngokucacileyo malunga okuvela lymphoma. Kuyacetyiswa xa mpawu abafumana bafune uncedo abaqeqeshiweyo.

Sokuxilonga: iindlela lymphoma yokufumanisa

Iyintoni na intsingiselo 'une lymphoma'? Okokuqala, kukuba ukuba udibane nogqirha. Yena uhlola kwaye, kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zawo, amisele iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko alandele-up saveyi. Imfuneko ukuziswa igazi izifundo zonyango kunye nemvelo. Umlinganiselo yeseli olungqamelanayo kwi ugqirha zakhe kubonisa unxilongo kunokwenzeka. Ukuze uqinisekise biopsy onyulwe. Uhlalutyo kuthathwa ngoncedo kotyando, ngexesha apho laphu itsalwa nkovu node ukuqhuba izifundo.

Ngelo kwisigaba esithile lymphoma elimisiweyo ray sifo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuchonga iindawo ezifihlakeleyo yayonakaliswe thumba. Njengomthetho jikelele, ukuchaneka loxilongo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isifundo umongo wethambo, kukuvumela ukuba ubone indlela siqhenqethile isibetho. Kukho iindlela ezongezelelweyo wokuvelelwa, ezifana immunophenotyping, yemfuza ezinto nezifundo cytogenetic.

unyango lymphoma

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ezo ngokwezikhokelo uhlobo ithumba, iqonga kophuhliso kunye nemeko ngokubanzi yesigulana. Ngelishwa, phantse zonke iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kulo mkhuba ngoku, i uhlobo ityhefu, nto leyo echaphazela iiseli umhlaza kuphela, kodwa amalungu abalulekileyo. Qwalasela iindlela unyango kuxhomekeke iintlobo esi sifo.

• lymphomas ndlongondlongo. Xa efumanise olu hlobo lonyango ithumba kufuneka ziqale ngokukhawuleza, kuba loo nto ingahlakazeki ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba. Emva isiqinisekiso uxilongo amaninzi kusetyenziswa inkqubo Gawulani, edibanisa kunye lomzimba "Rituximab".
• lymphoma nolaka kakhulu. Xa ezi ndidi kusetyenziswa iinkqubo chemotherapy engqongqo, efana kwi ileukemia lymphoblastic. Kulo mzekelo, amagqirha .Injongo kukuba ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yamathumba umhlaza, kodwa isantya basinde kule meko liyehla. Ukuba nesimo sengqondo esihle inokunikwa kuphela xa lymphoma Isigaba elibhaqiweyo 2, phezu 3 and 4 oogqirha akuqinisekisi iziphumo zokugqibela, njengoko kuthathwa, njengokuba umzimba liphendule kulo unyango, akunakwenzeka.
• lymphoma odangeleyo. Iindlela zonyango yale hlobo yamathumba ezikhethekileyo kwimeko nganye. Kukho ezinye nangezilonda zingeyomfuneko unyango. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka babe phantsi kweliso lomgadi gqirha ukubona ngqo ekuqaleni zokuqhubela phambili. therapy radiation Electrical adla ngokusetyenziswa kwezi meko (zokukhanya). Le ndlela ivumela ukwenza ekuhlaleni kwi ithumba ngaphandle echaphazela eminye imibutho. Ngelishwa, lymphoma unyango ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo, ngoko zonke iinzame zoogqirha ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni imeko yesigulane.

lymphoma ubuchopho

lymphoma ingqondo inokuba lokuqala okanye ezenqanaba lesibini. Kule lizwe Kwimeko eziko kuqala iqala kulo isahlulo, elinesibini - usulelo iye isasazeka ukusuka kwiindawo nkovu okanye kwithishyu.

Ithumba ephambili inqabile, kunjalo, olusemngciphekweni phantse abantu bonke, nabantwana ebusaneni. Le lymphoma yi ngohlobo maqhuqhuva, ekugqibeleni aqale ukukhupha metastases zeethishu ethambileyo.

Ifom yesibini sifo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka zaseprayimari. Njengomgaqo, omnye kugxilwe ithumba, kodwa akhule ubukhulu ezinkulu kakhulu. lymphoma Secondary ibekwe phantse akukho Ukudlulela, isalathisi ayidluli-7%.

Lymphoma (ingqikelelo ye uphefumlela umzabalazo nesi sifo) sikhatshwa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• yintloko ebuhlungu;
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• epistaxis.

Xa amayeza, kwakukho iimeko xa izigulane lymphoma ingqondo kwafunyaniswa ukuba nesifo sokuwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo zasesekondari ezinokwenzeka asymptomatically ngokupheleleyo, kunjalo nge-100% okuba ukufumanisa isifo ngamanye amaxesha kunzima.

Lymphoma yengqondo yasuswa intsumpa, kodwa ukuqinisekisa isiphelo akakwazi akukho gqirha japan ngempumelelo. Ezi nkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kuphela isiqingatha izigulane nesi sifo ithuba ukuze kuxolelwe ixesha elide.

ezinkulu-cell lymphoma

Large cell lymphoma iintlobo ezininzi:

• kwentamo;
• mediastinal;
• ku-large-;
• anaplastic.

Ingozi yale fom kukuba zonke iiseli eziqhelekileyo lomongo wethambo zithathelwa indawo engaqhelekanga, abaye baphulukana nako ukuvuselela baze bafe. Ngenxa yoko, i-indices of erythrocytes neeplatelets kuncitshiswa ngokukhawuleza, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni hypoxia yophela ngaphakathi olomeleleyo. Large-cell lymphoma uyakwazi ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba. Okokuqala abasetyenziswa iindawo nkovu, lengqula kunye amathe kwamadlala, isicwili sobuchopho bone. Emva koko, le nkqubo ukuba kuye kwanwenwa yesibindi, izintso kunye nemiphunga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukwehla ngokukhawuleza karhulumente yesigulane ayijonga ngayo impilo. I ngokukhawuleza phambili iqala kwinqanaba lesithathu. Indlela kuphela unyango kunokuba ichemotherapy kuphela.

Ehlasela cell lymphoma enkulu

lymphoma kwentamo lunamandla engqondweni. osemqoka yaso ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo iiseli, athi abenoxanduva okufumana imizimba sifo okanye kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lymphoma uyakwazi ukunika nangayiphi esiqwini, wazenza mntu ngenyameko, lymphocyte kunye B-iiseli abakwazi ukubona ngokuzimeleyo intsholongwane kwaye angadlulisela uphawu ukuba amajoni omzimba.

Ukubona lymphoma kwentamo lula. Okokuqala, kwiindawo ezandisiweyo nkovu ukuba waziva lula phantsi ngomnwe wakho. Kwakhona ngexesha X-reyi kwaye ultrasound kunokubonwa simahla izilonda ithumba.

Symptomatology le lymphoma ayahlukanga kwezinye iintlobo. Oku kwanda kancinane kwamaqondo obushushu, yaye usinga Ukwehla kobunzima ngexesha ubuthongo ukubila.

Kuyenye yeendlela ezinkulu cell lymphoma zingenzeka njenge sifo ezimeleyo, okanye njengoko lesibini (isiphumo kwimiphumo ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza). Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba inkqubo ubukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ikhona kunyango.

iimpawu zokugula

igazi lymphoma ngoku uphando ngokupheleleyo. Kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba isizathu sokuba ukwenzeka kwayo sesichengeni eziyityhefu kwimitha kunye umhlaza. Musa wayesazi amathuba kwezigulane sifuze amafa. Kwakhona olusemngciphekweni abantu kakubi utywala, abatshayayo kunye namava, yaye abo uhlobo ezingapheliyo izifo hematological.

kwafunyaniswa kutshanje igazi lymphoma badla ngokwaneleyo, zombini abadala kunye nabantwana. Ukuba uqale unyango kwangoko, ithuba ukuchacha 70%. Kwi zigaba kwesesithathu nakwesesine noxolelo kugqalwa nemiphumo emihle, apho ubude yiminyaka 5-7. Noko ke, ubuya ayikwazi ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo, yaye inani labo iba nefuthe ngqo kwi ubomi.

Yintoni Hodgkin lymphoma?

isifo Hodgkin kaThixo echazwe okokuqala ngo-1832 ngu Scientist T. Hodgkin. Esi sifo ngokungakhethi, abasemngciphekweni wenza abantu abakubudala Nangona kunjalo, waphawula umkhwa othile: amadoda ayachaphazeleka kabini ngokufuthi ngaphezu besini enobulungisa. De kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, lymphoma Hodgkin bukaThixo ingqalelo isifo esinganyangekiyo. Okwangoku, enkosi uphando izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke, izigulane kufuneka ukuba amathuba okusinda. Nangona kunjalo, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa amava nobungcali gqirha khona. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuhlola thumba ngokuchanekileyo yaye kwangexesha, kwakunye indlela ukusebenzisa iziphumo kwimimandla zizifo. Inyathelo ezine kukubonelela lymphoma Hodgkin yakhe, ukuhluza ukuba zeziphina lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha ekukhetheni iindlela zonyango.

I-Symptomatology kunye neempawu zesifo zifana nezinye iintlobo. Ngokukhawuleza ihamba ne-anemia, isakhiwo se-fluid emiphakeni, ukuphuma kwamanzi. Phantse i-30% yezigulane zikhalaza ngokubamba kunye nokuqhaqhabalaza kwesikhumba.

Unyango lwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Kunokwenzeka ukukrokrela utshintsho olusele lube lukhona ngexesha loviwo lokukhusela. Ukuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa inani eliphezulu lamaseli egazi ezimhlophe, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka noviwo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ukususela kwisigaba sesithathu, izinga lokugxininiswa kwabo lancipha kancane kancane. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa kufaka isifundo esipheleleyo, oko kukuthi, i-tomography, i-biopsy, i-puncture, i-radiography.

Kubalulekile: impumelelo enkulu ingafumaneka kuphela ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwesifo esifana neHodgkin's lymphoma.

Zingaphi izigulane ezihlala nale hlobo lwesifo? Ezi zikhombisi zodwa. Ukuba unyango luqalisiwe kumanyathelo okuqala, ke kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokufikelela kwiziphumo ezintle. Ukulwa kwisigaba sesithathu kunzima, kwaye amathuba anama-50x50. Icandelo elibi kakhulu yindlela ehoxisiwe, ebonakaliswa yi-metastases kunye ne-tumor foci.

Into ephambili - ngexesha lokunyanga ukuphumeza ukuxolelwa okude kwaye uzama ukukhuphela ngokupheleleyo ukuba kungenzeka ukutsha kwakhona. Le ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkatho zesifo ezifana ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bangaphi abantu abahlala nale ngxaki? Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwiindlela zokuphila, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhambelane nomsebenzi wokutya oqhelekileyo wentsuku kunye nokutya, kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukushiya ngokupheleleyo isigqithiso esisebenzayo ngokumalunga nokulinganiswa.