I-Dysphonia: izizathu, iimpawu, unyango. I-dysphonia esebenzayo: unyango. Dysphonia i ...

Dysphonia yintoni? Inkcazo yeli gama iya kunikwa kwizinto eziphathekayo kwinqaku elikulo mbuzo. Kwakhona, siza kuthetha ngezizathu zenkqubo ye-pathological, cinga iimpawu zayo kunye neendlela zokonyango.

Ulwazi oluyisiseko

Dysphonia yintoni? Eli gama lonyango lubonisa ukuphulwa komgangatho welizwi, elibonakaliswa ngokunyaniseka, ukuxininiseka kwendoda kunye nokunyaniseka. Ukuba kukho ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwelizwi, eli lizwe libizwa ngokuba yi-aphonia.

Iimpawu kunye neendlela zokugula

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngentla, i-dysphonia yintshintsho kwizwi elivela kumsebenzi ophazamisayo weevenkile zamagama. Inqubo enjalo ye-pathological ingabonwa kuphela kumntu omdala, kodwa nangomntwana. Ngendlela, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuphuhliswa kwayo. Siza kuthetha ngabo kamva.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, imeko enemibuzo ineefom e-2 ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu zabo ngoku.

Dysphonia esebenzayo

Le meko ibonakala ngokungabi naluphi na utshintsho olunzulu lwezifo, kunye nokuvuvukala kwi-larynx. Kule nto, i-dysphonia esebenzayo, unyango lwalo luya kuchazwa ngezantsi, akuyona inkqubo ende kakhulu. Ngendlela, ukuphuhliswa kweli rhulumente kunokuba negalelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-neurotic.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-dysphonia esebenzayo. Ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

• I-Hypotone - ibonakaliswe ngokuncipha kwimiyalezo ye-muscle ye-fold folds, kunye nokubonakala kokukhathala okukhawulezayo kunye nokuvakala kwezwi.
• I-hypertensive - ebonakaliswe ukwanda kwimiyalezo ye-muscle ye-vocal folds, kunye nokwehla kwezwi kunye nomqala omzimba.
• Ukuguquka komzimba - kubonakala ngokukodwa kubafana ekusebenzeni kokutshatyalaliswa. Ngokuba lolu hlobo lwe-dysphonia lubonakaliswa ukungazinzi kwezwi, kunye nokuguquka okubukhali ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwezantsi.

Dysphonia Organic

Le ngozi, ibonakaliswe ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvutha kwi-larynx (ngenxa ye-laryngitis, laryngotracheitis). Emva kokuphela kokuvutha, i-dysphonia iyalala. Olunye uhlobo lokutshintsha kwezwi ngamanye amaxesha luthiwa lifutshane elifutshane.

Izizathu zeDysphonia

Isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwesimo sengqondo sempilo ebantwini sisiphene sesisu sokulala, esiqulethwe kukuphuhliswa kokungalunganga kwe-cartilages ye-larynx, kuquka i-epiglottis. Oku kuphazamiseka kukukhokelela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela, kunye nokuvula okungaphelelanga kokungena kwelarynx. Le meko ibonakalisa ngokuphefumula okunomsindo kwaye kunomsindo. Kwizonyango, le ngqungquthela ibizwa ngokuba yi-laryngomalacia, okanye umgca wokuzalwa.

Ukongeza kwiziphene ezinobungozi bomzimba, iingcali zikwahlula iimpazamo ze-larynx, oko kukuthi, ukubunjwa kwama-angiomas, okanye i-tumor tumors. Zivela ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwemithambo ye-lymph and blood in the embryonic period.

Iingxaki zeDysphonia zinokudibaniswa nokuphuhliswa okanye ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano lwamazwi. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwayo, iintsana zibonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nezo zifo zesifo se-asthma, ezifana ne-dyspnea, i-whey and stridor.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba imbangela yokuphuhliswa kwe-dysphonia ye-organic ihlala ingapheliyo okanye i-pathology ephawulekayo yokugula, ukuvuvukala, umdlavuza okanye i-neurological kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-larynx okanye iphepheni yokuphefumula.

Iimbangela eziphambili ze-dysphonia esebenzayo

Kutheni kusebenza i-dysphonia? Umbuso onjalo unokucatshiswa yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo;
• Ukuvalwa, okanye oko kuthiwa ukukhubazeka kwe-lumen yephepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula (ngenxa yokunyanga kwamaqela angaphandle);
• Izifo zemiphunga, intliziyo, inkqubo ye-endocrine kunye nemithambo yegazi;
• Ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi wegonads, thyroid okanye i-adrenal glands;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-anabolic (izinto ezifana ne-hormone-like steroid);
• I-anemia, i-hypo- and avitaminosis;

• Ubugcisa obuhlobene nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezwi (ukufundisa, ukuthetha);
• Izifo zomlomo wesibeletho (i-osteoporosis, i- arthrosis nabanye);
• Ukungenelela kwintliziyo entanyeni (oko kukuthi, ukuba ilizwi lelarynx lonakalisiwe);
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neengqondo;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (ukutshintsha ilizwi phantsi kwefuthe lalaphi na iziyobisi);
• Imiphumo yezifo zesifo esithathelwanayo (ukuphucula okucothayo okanye utshintsho olungenakuguquka kwi-laryngeal mucosa emva kwenkqubo echaphazelayo).

Iimpawu

Iimpawu zeDysphonia zidibaniswa nokuphulwa komgangatho welizwi. Ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo, umntu ubonakala ephazamisayo. Kwakhona, iinguqu zakhe okanye utshintsho oluthile luphawulekayo.

Ngokubhekiselele kubantwana, le meko ihlala ihamba kunye nesiteji, oko kukuthi, isandi esikhulu kunye nesandi esiphezulu xa siphefumula kwaye siphuma ngenxa yokuhamba kwomoya ngokusebenzisa i-lumen (encinci) ye-larynx.

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo

Phatha i-dysphonia kuphela emva kokudibana nogqirha. Ukufumanisa imeko enjalo yokugula, iingcali kufuneka ziqale ziphengulule kwaye zihlolisise isigulane. Ngaloo ndlela bayakhupha:

• Ubume bentsholongwane (intlungu emqaleni, ukuphazamiseka, ubuthathaka bezwi, ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza, njl.);
• Ubungakanani benkqubo ye-pathological process;
• Izifo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, apho kukho ukulahleka kwezwi elithile (umzekelo, ukuvuvukala kwe-oropharynx ibhakteria okanye i-viral nature);
• Izinto ezichaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwe-dysphonia (ukufunda ngokuvakalayo, ukucula, ukunciphisa okanye ukuphakamisa isiqalo sezwi , njl.).

Ezinye iindlela zophando

Ukuhlolwa komzimba ngesigulane ngokuphuhliswa kweDysphonia kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Isifundo (acoustic) selizwi phantsi komthwalo. Ngenxa yoko, isiguli siyacelwa ukuba sifunde iinqununu, ngeliphi ixesha ubukhulu belizwi lakhe lilinganiselwa.
• I-Laryngoscopy ukuhlolwa kokubonwa kwe-larynx. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inenjongo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-laryngoscopy (engachangekanga, ngqo kunye ne-microlaringoscopy). Ziyakuvumela ukuba uhlolisise ukusebenza kweentloko zegama, kunye nemeko yeembumba ze-larynx.
• I-X-ray kunye ne- tomography ye-larynx.
• I-Densitometry kukuvavanywa kwentsholongwane yethambo kwintlambo yomlomo wesibeleko. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuyimfuneko ekufumaneni i-osteoporosis okanye i-arthrosis.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeDysphonia, isigulane sidinga ukubonisana nenani leengcali, kubandakanya udokotela ogqirha, intetho yomlomo, i-endocrinologist, i -rapist, i-phoniatrist kunye ne-otolaryngologist.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu

Ukuchonga inkqubo yokuvuvukala kwi-larynx yesigulane ingathunyelwa ku-:

• Ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi kwegazi kunye nomchamo (ukuba kungabandakanyi iziganeko ezivuthayo, kunye nokuvavanya izinga lezinto ezisemqoka kunye ne-hemoglobin egazini);
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-biochemical (ukuvavanya umgangatho wama-hormone e-parathyroid kunye neengqungquthela ze-thyroid, i-adrenals, kunye ne-macro-microelements).

Dysphonia: unyango

Ndingayiphatha njani le sifo? Indlela yokwelapha i-dysphonia kufuneka iphelele. Impembelelo kwizinto ezenziwe nge-etiopathogenetic iyadingeka. Ngamanye amazwi, kubalulekile ukunyanga kuphela izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki ze-somatomorfnye, kodwa kunye namaziko okusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo.

Injongo yonyango yale meko kukunyusa ukunyamezela kwezixhobo zamagama, kunye nokubunjwa kwezakhono zeefowuni ezizinzile.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindlela ezingekho iziyobisi zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-dysphonia esebenzayo. Ziquka i-phonopaedy, i-articulatory kunye ne-gymnastics yokuphefumula. Kwakhona usebenzise i- massage ye-collar zone, i- psycho-, i-acupuncture kunye ne-physiotherapy.

Njengenkqubo ye-physiotherapeutic ye-hypotonic dysphonia, isigulane sinikwa i-electrostimulation ye- larynx muscle ngokusebenzisa imilambo ye-diadynamic, kunye ne-electrophoresis kunye ne-amplipulse.

Ngokuphathelele ukutshintsha i-dysphonia, ayifuni unyango olukhethekileyo, ngaphandle kwonyango lwezifo ezidibeneyo, i-phonopedy kunye neengqondo zengqondo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba kwinkqubo enjalo yokugula, izigulane zivame ukumiselwa kunye neyeza ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-hypotonic i-dysphonia, oogqirha bancomela ukusetyenziswa kwezikhuthazo ezifana nezimpande kunye ne-rhizomes ye-Eleutherococcus spiny, i-vitamin B, kunye neostigmine i-methyl sulfate. Ezi ziyobisi ziphucula ukucwangciswa kweefowuni kunye nokubuyisela ilizwi eliqhelekileyo.

Xa kunesiponation yamangqina kunye ne-hypo-hypertonic dysphonia, isigulane sinikezelwa unyango lwendawo kunye noluntu oluchasayo olwenziwe lukhuni lwe-laryngitis ye-hypertrophic.

Ngokuphathelele unyango lwe-dysphonia ye-spastic, lwenziwa kunye kunye neurologists. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa i-GABA-ergic drugs, uhlaziye imisipha yentamo, ukhusele izihlunu ze-larynx kunye ne-phonophoresis.

Ukungenelela kokusebenza

Ngokuqhubeka kunye nokubiza i-hypotonic dysphonia, isigulane siboniswa i-tiroplasty kunye nokutyunjwa kwe-implantation. Injongo yabo kukuphucula ukunyuswa kwamazwi. Xa ujonga i-fonation yamanga, ehamba kunye ne-hypertrophy ye-foldtibular folds, unyango oluphambili luquka ukususa ezi ndawo.

Ngethuba lokuhamba emva, ngaphezu kwonyango oluchasayo, unyango olushukumisayo kunye ne-phonopyroid eyenziwa, ejoliswe ekunyuseni ithoni yefowuni.

Masibhale iziphumo

Ukubuyisela ilizwi eliqhelekileyo, abanye abantu kufuneka baqhube i-phonopedia ngeenyanga eziliqela. Ukuba i-dysphonia ivela kubantu abanezakhono zokuthetha ngezwi, bafuna ukulandelelana kwexesha elide kunye nokulungiswa rhoqo komthwalo wezwi.

Kwakhona, isigulane kufuneka sikhunjuzwe ukuba ukutshintsha ilizwi libonakaliso esicacileyo sesifo sezixhobo zamagama. Oku kufuna ukuba kubhekiswe ngokukhawuleza kwi-otorhinolaryologist. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela yonke imiyalelo kadokotela kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-pathology ye-larynx.