UMthetho oYilwayo ungumyalelo wee-receipt ezingenammiselo

Umqulu-mali uxwebhu oluqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa kweedrodi ukuhlawula imali ecacisiweyo ngexesha elithile. Olu hlobo lweemfanelo , ngokuqinisekileyo, lubopheleleko lwemali engabonakaliyo, lukhutshwe ngokungqongqo kwifom echanekileyo. Amaxwebhu anjalo ayimfuneko kwaye ayifumaneki.

Umthetho osayilwayo osebenzayo kuwo wonke amazwe usekelwe kwintlanganiso yeshintshintshintshintshi esayinwe eGeneva ngo-1930.

Ngokwimeko yokuthengiselana, apho kubandakanyeka khona iindleko, bahlulwe ngokwezinto ezilandelayo. Ibhajethi yorhwebo ngumqulu ovela ngexesha lokuthengiswa kweempahla, ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo kunye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yengqesho kwikhredithi. Ihamba kunye namaxwebhu angezelelweyo aqinisekisa ubungqina balo. Iimali-ezikhutshwe nguNgqongqoshe wezeMali kunye neebhanki ukuphakamisa imali eyongezelelweyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zezi ziqinisekiso. Ibhajethi elula yimbopheleleko engekho emthethweni kwi-drawer ukuhlawula umrhumo ochazwe kulo mqulu kumnini-mvume kwixabiso okanye ngexesha elichaziweyo. Xa uxwebhu lubhekiswe kubathathi-nxaxheba bokuqala - i-drawer kunye nabamkeli-nabanye abantu banokujoyina: abaxhasi kunye neengcali.

Ibhalwa-mali yokutshintshiselwa ngumqulu kunye nomyalelo we-drawer kumntu onetyala ukuhlawula umrhumo obekwe kuwo kumntu (lowo ilungelo lokufumana imali lihanjiswa phantsi kwebhanki yokutshintshiselana ). I-drawer yi-drawer, i-drawee ngumhlawuli. I-bhili-mali enjalo inamandla okunyanzelo oluqinileyo: ngamnye umntu oza kulandela umyalelo-mali uya kuba noxanduva lokuhlawula kunye kunye nomboleki. Ukutshintshwa kwegama lokuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwelo lungelo kumnye umntu kuthiwa yi-endorsement.

Ukuqhubela phambili kumgaqo wokuzuzisa, iibill ziyahlula inzala (inkokhelo ebusweni kunye nenzala) kunye nesaphulelo (kuphela ixabiso lokutyunjwa lihlawulwa, baphathwa ngokusaphulelo kwixabiso labo elikhethiweyo).

Iklasi leebhilile lihluke kakhulu. Ngokwe siseko somniki-mali, ezi ziqinisekiso zizinto ezimbini. I-bill yebhanki yinkcazo yesikhashana ekhutshwe nguRhulumente okanye kwiBhanki Ephakathi ikhulile kwiintsuku ezingama-90 okanye ezingama-180. Iindleko zokhuseleko ziindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuzaliseka kwezibophelelo phantsi komsebenzi . Zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iimali-mboleko, ukuba kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuboleka komboleki.

Ibhili-mali yabucala ikhutshwa ngamaqela ezezimali, iinkampani, iibhanki zorhwebo. Ezi zibambiso zikhonza iimpahla kunye nokuthengwa kwemali. Balubonisa ubudlelwane bomboleko kwimali. Ngoncedo lwabo, ukukhutshwa kwemali-mboleko, ukufumana imali yebhajethi, ukudluliswa kweerhafu, umvuzo, ukuchithwa kwemali. Le bhili-mali inemibala. Umthetho-mthetho onobungane ukhutshwa ngumntu omnye komnye ngaphandle kokuba uhambisane nenjongo yokuwuhlawula, kodwa kuphela ngenjongo yokuhlawulelana ngokufanayo ebhankini. Batshintshisana nabantu abanobuhlobo obuyimfihlo (ubuhlobo), ukuze bahlawule ibheyili kwibhankini baze bafumane imali okanye bahlawule impahla. Isibhengezo sobhedu ("sibhalwa") siyiphepha elingenanto yokuthengiselana kunye nemeko yezemali, kwaye ubuncinci bodwa abantu abathatha inxaxheba kulolu hlobo lukhohlisayo. Kwiphepha elinjalo, unokufumana imali kwi-bhanki okanye uyisebenzise ukuhlawula amatyala kwiintengiso zempahla okanye ezinye izibophelelo zemali. Ezi zindleko zisetyenziswa xa imeko yemali yomntu onetyala inzima okanye ubuqhetseba. Amaxwebhu anjalo awenyanisa imali yokubuyisela imali.

Iingxowa-mali ezingenazo i-cash in circulation zikhokelela kwizinto ezimbi kwizoqoqosho, ukuguqula izixhobo ezivela kwi-tradeover revenue, zikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwemali. Kule nkalo, kukho ingcamango "yexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso".