Ifilosofi India yamandulo

Isiseko bulumko Indian Obumbe Vedas (izibhalo), kwaye ehlaziya kubo. Ezi iitekisi litye lesikhumbuzo ezindala kwinkcubeko Indo-Aryan. ukuba sidalwe BC ngenkulungwane ye-15. e. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba Vedas bebesoloko ekho, yaye akukho namnye wakha yenziwe. Kungenxa yoko le mibhalo engcwele ayikwazi ukugcina ulwazi bobuxoki. Inkoliso yabo zibhalwa ngolwimi eyimfihlakalo (olwimi). Ngoncedo indalo yakhe anxibelelana nomntu.

Inxalenye Vedas thaca ezishicilelweyo yezityhilelo iinyaniso yesiqalo. "Isigubungelo" ifumaneka kuphela kwabo abakhwetha. "Smriti" (enye inxalenye imibhalo engcwele) yeyona izicatshulwa aguqulelwe abantu ngaphantsi unesiphiwo (abasebenzi, abasetyhini, amalungu iiklasi asezantsi (iindidi). Ingakumbi, Saga Indian Mahabharata kunye Ramayana ngala "smriti".

Kwintanda-bulumko yamandulo Indiya ubonisa ingqiqo ezifana 'Karma'. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba Karma - lo umthetho isiphumo kunye isizathu. Bonke baxhomekeke kuwo, nkqu oothixo.

Kwintanda- Indiya yakudala, kwelinye lala macandelo bulumko, eziqulethwe ingcamango yokuba yonke into esijikeleza umntu yinto engekhoyo. kwemeko negalelo ekumitheni yayo nolulahlekisayo zehlabathi. Olubizwa le ukumelwa - Maya.

Izikolo Traditional Indian bulumko yahlulwe Orthodox (zilandelayo zisekelwe ngokungqongqo kwiimfundiso yamandulo) kwaye isikolo obudala. Eyokuqala waqonda kwegunya Vedas.

Kwisikolo ayencokola nguye Nyaya. Ngokutsho ingqiqo kwihlabathi izinto ezazikho. ulwazi Human lwaqhutywa yi izivamvo ezintlanu. Kwintanda-Indiya yamandulo wayefundisa kwesi sikolo, ukuba bonke, waya phesheya mvo - ayikho. Wabona ezine imithombo yolwazi: nokuqiqa, imbono, uthelekiso, igunya ilizwi.

Enye isikolo yobu Vaisheshika. Eyasekwayo Rishi Canada. Kwesi sikolo-bulumko in India yamandulo waqonda ubukho siyibambe ezimbini: i nengqondo kunye supersensible. Esisiseko sazo zonke ezo amasuntswana ayahlukahlukenanga (atom). indawo igcwele kaEtere (oluZenzekelayo) therebetween. athom sasisenamandla are Brahman. Lo bulumko naqaphela imithombo ezimbini ulwazi: imbono nokuqiqa.

Embindini mimamsa (kwesinye isikolo-bulumko) nalo igunya engcwele iitekisi. Kwesi sikolo zobulumko of India yamandulo ingqalelo malunga nentsingiselo eyiyo izibhalo (Vedas), kwakunye nokubaluleka echazwe ezi zithethe.

Ingakumbi ifilosofi yamandulo yesikolo India, Sankhya zimelwe kwi ezingqondweni bezinto kunye iinxa zonke zehlabathi.

Ukufundiswa yoga inkqubo amanyathelo abonakalayo. Bathunyelwa ulwazi phelele. Eyayinikelwe imfundiso ethile ezithile kwakungamandla awayeqhuba kwinkqubo yenkululeko.

Phakathi engaziwa ephika Kufanele kuqatshelwe ngazinye izinto eziphathekayo. Lokayady (Izikolo) ukwala imfuneko inkolo emhlabeni. Bayaqonda ukuba kukho kuphela into ziviwa (umphefumlo - umzimba). ngenjongo yobomi, ngokutsho le mfundiso, wayeza kufumana ulwaneliseko.

Iimfundiso Jainism bayamkela, kweziyobisi uncreated obungunaphakade. Eliyihloko mgaqo salo ihlabathi energy othwala babeye obuqhubekayo ilula nentshukumo. Jainism ifundisa ukuba atom zemilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo akhawunti kuba ihlabathi lonke. amasuntswana ayahlukahlukenanga coalesce izinto. Ngokwale mfundiso, kukho kuphela izinto ezingaphiliyo umphefumlo. Umgaqo esisiseko yesikolo bulumko kwakungekho kakubi izinto eziphilayo.

Ukufundiswa obuBhuda yokusolwa iinyaniso ezine: ubomi - eli ukubandezeleka; oonobangela ukuhlupheka umnqweno nangothando; inkululeko evela ukubandezeleka kuza emva kokukhatywa iminqweno; igqibezela yonke inkululeko yomntu evela ebukhobokeni samsara (series sokuzalwa ngokutsha - ubomi). Buddhism ekhuthazwa Atisha, Shantarakshita, Chandrakirti kunye nezinye zobulumko.