Inyama Lymphoid kunye nendima yayo ngokuchasene kwethu izifo

Yonke imihla, umzimba womntu ukujongana kwii kulo mzimba ezahlukeneyo izinto kwamanye amazwe. Izifo Cya, iintsholongwane, umngundo kunye nezinambuzane ukusenza ngesikhumba yonakele, inkqubo yokucola ukutya kunye kwiinwebu empumlweni nasemqaleni kunye ezibangela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. и в дословном переводе означает "освобождать от чего-нибудь") мы защищаемся от такого масштабного вторжения. Makubulelwe kuphela okukwazi (ilizwi kuvela immunitas kwisiLatini ngokoqobo lithetha "ukuba sikhululwe nantoni"), siya elikhuselayo thina ukusuka loo ekuhlaselweni ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. ukubaluleka Great ngoku udlalwa nge izihlunu lymphoid, nto leyo wonke umzimba yaye xa zizonke-1% ngokobunzima umzimba wonke. Ngoko yintoni na?

definition

Enye iindidi zomzimba nokuqina apho kukho inkqubo macrophage kunye lymphocyte, ebizwa lymphoid. Kokuba zimelwe ngohlobo amalungu ngamnye, kwaye nje kube yinxalenye esebenzayo lomzimba. zomzimba Lymphoid afumaneka kwiindawo ezifana umongo kunye udakada, iindawo nkovu kunye thymus. Kuzo esebenza parenchyma.

Le isifo ezithile abasemagunyeni lukwafumanise awo kwithishyu lymphoid - le bronchi, womchamo, izintso, amathumbu kunye nabanye.

imisebenzi

Kuzo zonke indlela zikhusela isiseko inxalenye kufuna lymphoid kwithishyu. Iqulethe lymphocyte, macrophage, kunye owaba-, iiseli plasma, iiseli kuthotywa, yaye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ukukhusela umzimba ehlaselayo iiseli amazwe icoce iiseli ezonakeleyo yento ephilayo. Ukuze kwakhiwe iiseli zamajoni omzimba iindawo nkovu uxanduva, thymus kunye izicwili (lymphoid) kwesisu.

Ukuba ulusu iyabetheleleka zonakaliswe igciwane okanye yintsholongwane, ikufuphi kwisiza elalana ye esiludumbo nkovu, kukho iiseli zokhuselo abasabela elabelwe komdyarho lymphoid kunye macrophage, leyo azamazama kunye nkovu kunye igazi ekufumanekeni endaweni "elikheswa." Xa kuthe ngenxa yesifo abaninzi, xa imikhosi elinye nkovu node handle akaphumeleli, inkqubo yonke ivulwa nezifo.

isakhiwo

inyama Lymphoid isoloko inkxaso umnatha le imicu reticular iiseli simahla. Lo womnatha inokuba sisincoko mkhulu (ngokuvula ingcawa) okanye evakalala (kunye izithuba apho iiseli ezamahala ungahambisa ngokukhululekileyo). Imicu ngokwabo akhiwa uhlobo III collagen.

indawo abekwe

Kwiindawo apho okuba liphezulu ukuba izinto zasemzini zibekwe awo amakhulu kwithishyu lymphoid. tonsils Eqhelekileyo - izihlunu lymphoid ze pharynx ibekwe phezu komda kunye kwisisu ngomlomo. Ba pharyngeal, iPalatine, ityhubhu kunye guttural. Ukuqokelelwa zonke iinkalo tonsils kunye inyama lymphoid ke nasopharynx.

umsebenzi wayo kubaluleke kakhulu impilo yethu, kuba neutralizes zingawi umlomo kunye nempumlo amagciwane. Kwaye kunye namaqumrhu eziqulethe izihlunu lymphoid kuvumela ukuyilwa inombolo oyifunayo lymphocyte lonke eziphilayo.

Kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, izicwili lymphoid emqaleni esinxibelelana kwamadlala yonyango (adrenal, lengqula, thymus, injeke), ukwakha ubuhlobo, "lo yebhinqa - neuron adrenal - izihlunu emithanjeni" ku ukufikisa womntwana.

Yintoni hypertrophy

Umntwana kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwelishumi ukuze ukuphuhlisa hypertrophy ngayo inyama lymphoid le tonsils, kunye nokusebenza kwayo akukho yaphulwe. Kuphela ekuqaleni lokufikisa izihlunu hypertrophied iqala ukunciphisa.

Andazi ukuba yintoni ebandakanyekileyo kule nkqubo, kodwa izizathu kuthathwa - ukudumba umqala okanye usuleleko, zezigulo ezahlukeneyo yonyango. Hypertrophy kunokukhokelela inflammations rhoqo okanye utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo ezindlebeni, empumlweni, emqaleni.

Ukuba kuphazanyiswa yokuphefumla ngeempumlo, Wanciphisa umoya. Kamva ke kukhokelela utshintsho egazini - haemoglobin kunye ebomvu cell segazi lehla, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye nokwanda kwenani. Okulandelayo, baqale Yodilizwa umsebenzi wokugaya, lengqula nobubovu, adrenal. Ukophulwa zonke iinkqubo kukhokelela ukulibaziseka ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ngokwesondo komntwana.

Yintoni hyperplasia

Igama elithi "hyperplasia" kwanawezayo kuthi, evela ulwimi lesiGrike, lithetha sverhobrazovanie. Xa ezingundoqo yayo yi leengxaki apho iiseli ziyaqala phinda ngokukhawuleza, ukwandisa umthamo kwithishyu.

Kodwa hyperplasia yethishyu lymphoid - alumelanga sifo kodwa iliphawu. Impendulo ephilayo ukuvela sisifo okanye ukudumba emzimbeni. Ngaphandle, oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi kwiindawo nkovu. Kukho iindidi ezintathu hyperplasia lweendawo nkovu:

1. Infectious. Le omzimba kuyo nayiphi na usuleleko kukhokelela ukuveliswa lymphocyte kunye macrophage kwimowudi fast, oku kubangela ukukhula yethishyu lymphoid.
2. Lovukelo. Neentsholongwane iintsholongwane bangene esiludumbo nkovu, kukho baziqwebele iimveliso zazo, iityhefu secreted ngabo, ibangela, nazo, yindlela iiseli esebenzayo macrophage yokhetho.
3. Amabi. Kule nkqubo, naziphi na iiseli nkovu node zophendlo lwezifo ukuze inxaxheba, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho ubukhulu bayo, imilo kunye struktuy.

inyama Lymphoid - enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo amajoni omzimba yomzimba wethu. Kuyanceda izifo ezininzi phambi kokuba ufumane usulelo ngaphakathi ngokutya kunye nomoya. Iqhuba eminye imisebenzi, indlela apho de kube sekupheleni, kwaye ke asicinywanga efunda.

Maxa wambi inyama lymphoid uba ebushushwini babo, yaye kukho izifo ezifana appendicitis, tonsils kunye nabanye (ngokuxhomekeke inwebu zalapha ekhaya kwabo lymphoid). amaninzi kakhulu kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha babhenele iindlela zoqhaqho kunyango, ngamanye amazwi, susa indawo okanye umbutho ochaphazelekayo. Ekubeni yonke imisebenzi bezakhelo lymphoid hayi baziwa ngokupheleleyo, akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuphikisa ukuba ezinjalo zokuthuthwa akuthethi kakubi umzimba womntu.