Theory kunye Iindlela zophuhliso intetho abantwana zabasakhasayo

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba singabantu - yinto nje indlela yokunxibelelana nabanye. Okokuqala, oku umfanekiso ngokwasengqondweni emzimbeni emntwini ngokwakhe. Ngako oko, njengokuba evakaliswe ngabantu abathile, uyakwazi usixelele ngoko nangoko inqanaba lemfundo, ideology, izinto ezithandwayo kunye azithandayo. Ithuba engundoqo ukubunjwa yokuthetha echanekileyo lwenzeka kule minyaka zabasakhasayo. Ngeli xesha, umntwana ulwazi esebenzayo zehlabathi.

Kufuneka uqale nini?

Njengenxalenye umgangatho omtsha (GEF), omninzi ingqalelo ihlawulwe kuphuhliso lolwimi ebantwaneni zabasakhasayo. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-3, kunye nophuhliso eqhelekileyo umntwana kwisigama yakhe kufuneka ube malunga 1200 amagama, lo gama kunyaka-6 ubudala - malunga nama-4,000.

Zonke iingcali kumaziko uthole emfundo (kokuya esikolweni) sele esebenzela uphuhliso sentetho abafundi. Injongo kumntu wonke, kwaye wonke umntu usebenzisa indlela yabo, kuxhomekeke indlela ekhethiweyo epriskuli. Omnye okanye enye ubuchule sentetho yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo kunika ithuba ootitshala, ootitshala ukuba basebenzise amava ngempumelelo iingcali ezisebenza le ngxaki.

Ngubani yaye yintoni ufundisa abantwana?

Ukuba ukhangela isidanga utitshala, yaye thina sithetha iingcali abafanelekayo, yaye apho ungabona uqeqesho okunje ngokuthi "theory kunye neendlela Funda uthole zentetho." Xa sifunda ngalo mbandela, yingcali elizayo ufumana ulwazi theoretical malunga nophuhliso intetho zabantwana iindidi ubudala, kwakunye baqhelane neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa kwiqela lobudala kokuya esikolweni kwabafundi, ngokulandelelana.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba izifundo kwimbali, indlela lamiswa yabantu. kwafika ekwakhiweni kwawo ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Okokuqala kukho izandi, kunye namagama ngoko embalwa, kwaye ke amazwi waqala band ndawonye izivakalisi. Wonke umntwana uhamba onke amanqanaba ukuyilwa yokuthetha ebomini bakhe. Bulunge neencwadi esisityebi intetho yakhe, elizimeleyo abazali, ootitshala kunye noluntu, nto leyo lingqongwe usana. Utitshala-bokuhlohla yeyona isampuli engundoqo emele intetho kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iinjongo kunye neenjongo ukubunjwa yokuthetha

Kakuhle yokumisela iinjongo kunye neenjongo zophuhliso lolwimi abantwana zootitshala zabasakhasayo kunceda kakhulu ngempumelelo ukusebenza kule ngxaki.

Eyona Injongo yomsebenzi kuphuhliso sentetho Funda uthole yi ukuyilwa intetho izakhono zomntwana kunye kunxibelelwano nabanye ngokwesiseko ubunini ulwimi zoncwadi abantu bakhe.

Imisebenzi eza kunceda ekufezekiseni le njongo, oku kulandelayo:

• yemfundo inkcubeko isandi zentetho umntwana;
• ukuzityebisa, ukomeleza isebenze isigama womntwana;
• uphuculo intetho ngokwegrama oluchanekileyo umntwana;
• uphuhliso yokuthetha obanzi umntwana;
• imfundo umdla mntwana nangokubonakalisa zobugcisa;
• ulwimi lweenkobe umntwana.

Yenza izigqibo kunye imisebenzi ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo sokugqibela le njongo kunye nokukhululwa umntwana ubuchule uthole kunceda uphuhliso lolwimi abantwana zabasakhasayo.

Techniques yophuhliso yokuthetha epriskuli

Nayiphi into into yokuzoba, nokuba zesifundo, usoloko kwakhiwa ukusuka kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Kwaye kunzima ukufunda ukwenza njani imisebenzi enzima, ukuba akukho sisakhono ekuqhubeni elula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi kuphuhliso zentetho. Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa epriskuli iindlela ezimbini.

Iindlela zophuhliso kwintetho Funda uthole, LP Fedorenko, GA Fomicheva, VK Lotareva kwenza ukufunda isondlo malunga nophuhliso intetho labantwana esemncinane (iinyanga ezi-2) kwaye ukuya iminyaka esixhenxe, kwaye linika iingcebiso aluncedo kootitshala kunye mentors. Ngokutsho ncwadana ayizukunceda kuphela yingcali, kodwa nawuphi na umzali onenkathalo.

Book Ushakov OS, Strunina EM "Iindlela zophuhliso sentetho Funda uthole" - isikhokelo kootitshala. Kukho iinkalo avulekela zophuhliso lolwimi kwabantwana ngamaqela kweminyaka amaziko kokuya esikolweni, banikwe uphuhliso yengqesho.

Kule ndlela zophuhliso kwintetho kwabantwana bonke iqala ngo izifundo audio, apho ootitshala bafundise esweni ucoceko indlela echanileyo yokubiza izandi. Ukongeza, umntu oqeqeshelwe kuphela kulazi ubudala yaye yintoni izandi umntwana kufuneka ibekwe. Umzekelo, isandi 'r' kufuneka sizame ukuba uqale uthi nje xa eneminyaka engama-3, Kakade ke, ukuba umntwana sele abakufumana phambi kwakho, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngaphambili ukuba lo msebenzi isandi akayi kuqhutywa. Umntwana wafunda ngexesha avakaliswe ngokuchanekileyo isandi "p", ootitshala, ootitshala benze umsebenzi wolungiselelo, oko kukuthi ukusebenza nabantwana ngolwimi imithambo eluhlobo imidlalo.

Umdlalo - indlela engundoqo kuphuhliso yokuthetha

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, worldwork theory azakuthi ankcede kophuhliso intetho abantwana zabasakhasayo uthetha umntu kuthathwa indlela ephambili lokudlala nomntwana wakho. Isiseko sale iqola ingqondo kuthiwa, ezizezi inqanaba ngokweemvakalelo yophuhliso, ukuba umntwana akafuni, yaye uya kuba neengxaki intetho. Kwaye ukuba ukhuthaze umntwana ukuba iimvakalelo, kuba bakhonza umfutho intetho, uza umdlalo uncedo. izinto Eqhelekileyo lokuba ngumntwana kwakhona umdla. Ngokomzekelo, umdlalo «Rolling Isondo". Kukho zokuqala ivili utitshala uqengqa longele, bedumzela: ". Ivili ngeenxa zonke endulini zisendleleni kwaye ngoko liqengqiwe phezu track" Xa abantwana ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela mnandi. Emva koko, utitshala wacela ukuba ukukhwela isondo ukuya kwenye abafana kwakhona kwaye ivakalisa amazwi afanayo.

Bantwana, engazi, baqale phinda. Ezo imidlalo kwiindlela ukuba kokuya esikolweni kakhulu kakhulu, bona zahlukahlukene. Kwiiklasi ubudala nangaphezulu sele phantsi indlela ngohlobo imidlalo indima-ukudlala, akukho sele incoko umkhathaleli-komntwana kunye nomntwana nomntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba imidlalo efana "Omama neentombi," "umdlalo kumsebenzi" kunye nabanye. uphuhliso lolwimi kubantwana uthole kumsebenzi Umdlalo kwenzeka kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Oonobangela zophuhliso lolwimi abangamahlwempu umntwana uthole

Enye yezinto ezingunobangela eyodwa yophuhliso intetho kwizisweli umntwana kukunqongophala ingqalelo ngakwicala abadala, ingakumbi xa umntwana ngokwayo cwaka ngemvelo. Uninzi lwaba bantwana esemncinane bahleli indlwana okanye playpen, ndihlanjwe kunye zokudlala, kwaye manqaphanqapha abazali baxakeke imisebenzi yazo, yiya egumbini ukubona ukuba yonke into ILUNGILE.

Esinye isizathu, kakhulu, kona abadala. Le ncoko monosyllabic kunye nomntwana. Xa uhlobo iingxelo ezifana "Fumana", "musa ukuphazamisa", "musa ukuchukumisa," "Yipha." Ukuba umntwana akayi kuva iziphakamiso ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye ifuna ukuba nto, yinto nje ukuba umzekelo omnye ukuyilandela. Ngapha koko, akukho kunzima ukuxelela umntwana, "nam ndiphe loo yokudlala" okanye "musa ukuchukumisa, apha eshushu", yaye sele amazwi amaninzi ziya kongezelelwa kwisichazi yayo.

Umgca obhityileyo phakathi uphuhliso intetho kunye nophuhliso engqondweni wosana

Ukuba izinto ezimbini ikhankanywe apha ngentla zophuhliso intetho ombi umntwana ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ayiqondakali kuphuhliswa, kubalulekile ukuba sijonge ukuba oonobangela impilo yakhe yengqondo. Ukususela besebancinane, kunye esikolweni, sizezona abantwana abakwazi obusebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke, ukufundisa umntwana wakho kufuneka intetho, usebenzisa imizekelo okanye imibutho ethile. Iindlela zophuhliso intetho yabantwana zabasakhasayo isekelwe phezu isifundo sophuhliso engqondweni kwabantwana. Kukho umgca entle kakhulu phakathi uphuhliso intetho kunye nophuhliso engqondweni. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-3, umntwana uqala ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo nentelekelelo. Kwaye njalo, abazali baxhalabile malunga ukubonakala iingcinga, qala ukubek umntwana bubuxoki. Xa kungekho tyala akukho mfuneko yokuba, ngenxa yokuba umntwana zibuyela ngokwabo kwaye ayeke ukuthetha. Musa ukoyika fantasy, kufuneka nje ukuba uthumele kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Indlela yokunceda umntwana wakho, ukuba uqala into embi?

Kakade ke, wonke umntwana eyahlukileyo. Ukuba umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka emine kuboniswe kuphela elilodwa, hayi ezinxulumene, nkqu izivakalisi ezilula, ngoko ke kufuneka ucele uncedo abasebenzi abongezelelweyo. Iindlela zophuhliso yokuthetha kwiminyaka uthole ubonelela kufakwa kwinkqubo ye ukuyilwa iingcali ezifana njengomfundisi, leengxaki zokuthetha kwengqondo kwezemfundo. Abantwana ezinjalo kulinganiswa kwiqela unyango kwintetho, apho benza ngaphezulu kakhulu. Musa ukuba amaqela unyango kwintetho ukoyika ngenxa yokuba abaninzi ukuziyolisa umntwana, xa uya kuba nako ukuthetha elidityaniswe kakuhle nenengqondo.

abazali abangafundanga - umthombo lophuhliso komntwana abahluphekayo

Iindlela zophuhliso intetho kokuya esikolweni abantwana - incwadi yobhekiso kuphela ngootitshala, kodwa abazali. Ngenxa bengazi abazali kukhokelela kuphuhliso umntwana olihlwempu. Umntu kufuneka umntwana elininzi, ngoxa abanye, ngokuchasene noko, makhe izinto uthathe indawo yawo. Kulo mzekelo, ifuna uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo nabazali umkhapheli, mhlawumbi iintlanganiso nkqu nabazali weendawo. Kubhetele ukuba siphephe iimpazamo kunokuba ukuwalungisa ixesha elide. Ukuba wenza okulungileyo, ngokusebenzisana kunye gqolo, umntwana ekupheleni kokuya esikolweni liya kuba qiniseka ukuba intetho enkulu zoncwadi kunye nesigama kuyimfuneko, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo, ezi manqanaba alandelayo emfundo kuya kuba nzulu kunye abanzi kuphela.