Indawo ephantsi kunayo yonke yolwandle: i-Mariana Trench

Ulwandle lusondele ngakumbi kuthi kuneeplanethi zesistim. Nangona kunjalo, isiseko sayo siye safundiswa kuphela ngama-5 ekhulwini. Kwaye zingaphi ezinye iimfihlakalo ezenza amanzi esitolo se-sea sehlabathi? Lo mfihlelo omkhulu kunazo zonke zomhlaba wethu.

Ubunzulu obukhulu

I-Mariana Trench, okanye i-Marian Trench ngenye indlela, yindawo enzulu kwiindawo zaselwandle. Kukho izidalwa ezimangalisayo kwaye akukho nto ikhona. Nangona kunjalo, le yindawo eyaziwayo kakhulu, engayiqondanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye iqulethe iimfihlakalo ezininzi ezingenakulinganiswa.

Ukucwiliswa kwiMariana Trench kukuzibulala ngokwenene. Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi apha luphindwe ngamawaka ngamaxesha aphakamileyo kunengcinezelo yolwandle. Ubunzulu bobunzima behlabathi lolwandle lu malunga neemitha ezili-10,994 kunye nephutha leemitha ezingama-40. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-daredevils ehla ephantsi, ebeka ubomi babo engozini. Ewe, le nto yayingekho iteknoloji yanamhlanje.

Uphi indawo enzulu kwihlabathi elwandle

I-Mariana Trench ifumaneka kwiLwandle lwasePacific, okanye ngokuthe ngqo, kwicandelo laso entshona, kufuphi neMpuma, kufuphi naseGuam, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka eMariana Islands. Indawo ejulile kwizilwandle zomhlaba ifana nesitya esikwimeko yesigxina. Ububanzi bexinzelelo bu malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-69, ubude buyiikhilomitha ezingama-2,550.

Abaphathi be-Marian Trench: empuma ubude - 142 ° 35 ', enyakatho ye-11 ° 22'.

Ukushisa ngezantsi

Iingcali zenzululwazi zicebise ukuba ubunzulu bobunzulu bube bubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, bamangaliswa yinto yokuba ngaphantsi kweMariana Trench lo mfanekiso uhlala ngaphezu kwezinga kwaye u-1 kuya ku-4 ° C. Kungekudala le nto yafunyanwa kwaye ichazwa.

Phantse ubunzulu beemitha ezili-1600 ukusuka emanzini kumithombo yamanzi ase-hydrothermal. Kwakhona kuthiwa "abamnyama ababhema". IiJets zamanzi ashushu kakhulu zivela kwimithombo. Ubushushu balo bubungama-450 ° Celsius.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba la manzi anexabiso elikhulu lamaminerali. Zizinto ezi zinto zixhasa ubomi ngobunzulu obunzulu. Nangona kukho ukushisa okuphezulu, okudlulileyo amaxesha amaninzi kwiphulo lokubilisa, amanzi apheki. Kwaye oku kuchazwa ngokunyanzela okukhulu. Kulo bunzulu, lo mfanekiso unamaxesha angaphezu kwezi-155 kunokuba ngaphezulu.

Njengoko ubona, iindawo ezinzulu zehlabathi elwandle azilula. Kuzo, iimfihlelo ezininzi zifihliweyo, ezifuneka zixazululwe.

Ohlala kwindawo enzulu

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba indawo enzulu ehlabathini elwandle yintlango apho ubomi obungenakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukude kwimeko. Ngaphantsi kweMariana Trench, izazinzulu zathola i-amoebas enkulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-xenophytophores. Ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-10 cm. Ezi zikhulu kakhulu eziphilayo ezingekho iicellular.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba olu hlobo lwe-amoebae lufumene ubungakanani obunjalo ngenxa yendalo apho kufuneka ukuba khona. Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi zidalwa ezingekho iilunelellar zifunyenwe kwii-kilometer ezili-10.6. Zininzi izinto ezathintela uphuhliso. Oku kungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ke, ngamanzi abandayo.

Ukongeza, i-xenophiophores inezakhono ezikhethekileyo. I-Amoebas iyinyamezela ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yamachiza amaninzi kunye nezinto, kuquka ukukhokela, i-mercury kunye ne-uranium.

I-Shellfish

Ngaphantsi kweMariana Trench yinyani kakhulu. Ngeemeko ezinjalo, akukho nethuba lokusinda nakwizilwanyana ezinamathambo okanye iigobolondo. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala nje, i-mollusks yafunyanwa kwi-Mariana Trench. Bahlala kufuphi nemithombo yamanzi e-hydrothermal, kuba inyoka iqukethe i-methan ne-hydrogen. Ezi zinto zivumela ukusekwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto eziphilayo.

Kuze kube ngoku, awaziwa ukuba i-mollusks ikwazi njani ukugcina iigobolk zazo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Ukongezelela, imithombo ye-hydrothermal ivelisa enye i-gesi-hydrogen sulfide. Kwaye, njengokuba uyaziwa, liyabulala nayiphi na i-mollusks.

Utywala i-carbon dioxide ngendlela ecocekileyo

I-Mariana Trench yindawo enzulu yolwandle, kunye nehlabathi elimangalisayo elinemiba eninzi engaqondakaliyo. Kukho imithombo yamanzi e-hydrothermal eseduze neTaiwan, ngaphandle komlambo wase-Okinawa. Le yodwa yindawo engaphantsi kwamanzi eyaziwayo ngexesha apho i-carbon carbon dioxide ekhoyo khona. Le ndawo yafunyanwa kwakhona ngo-2005.

Uninzi lwezenzululwazi lukholelwa ukuba yile mithombo eyavumela ukuba kuzalwe kwiMariana Trench. Emva kwakho konke, kungekhona kuphela ukushisa okulungileyo apha, kodwa kunye nemichiza yemichiza.

Ekugqibeleni

Iindawo ezona zinzulu kwiindawo zamanxweme zehlabathi ziyamangalisa ngokungaqhelekanga kwehlabathi labo. Apha unokufumana izinto eziphilileyo eziziveleyo ngokwazo ubumnyama obunzima kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye azikwazi ukuhlala kwenye indawo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iMariana Trench inesigxina sesikhumbuzo sesizwe e-United States. Olu hlobo lokugcina ulwandle lunkulu kwihlabathi lonke. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwabo bafuna ukutyelela apha, kukho uluhlu oluthile lwemithetho. Kule ndawo kunqatshelwe ukuba kukhishwe amaminerali, kunye nokuloba.