Ubunzulu boLwandle lwaseAzov luphakathi, ubuncinane kunye nobuninzi. Iimpawu zoLwandle lwaseAzov

Ulwandle lwase-Azov ulwandle lwangaphakathi lwaseYurophu, oluphakathi kwemida ye-Ukraine kunye neRashiya. Ingingqi yayo ingama-39,000 square metres. Km. Umlambo ungowomgcini we-Atlantic Ocean. Ubunzulu beLwandle lwaseAzov luphakathi, alufikeleli kwi-10 m, ubuninzi-malunga ne-15 m.

Nangona le nkunkuma igxininise ngaphakathi kweli zwekazi lase-Eurasia, nangona kunjalo ayikho ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi, kunoko idibene. Ngendlela ede - ii-4 ezinzima kunye nolwandle olu-4 - kodwa amanzi aseAzov awela elwandle. Ubungakanani bolu lolwandle luhamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-380, kunye nobubanzi - 200 km. Ubude bommandla wonxweme luphezu kwe-2,500 km.

Umlando

Ulwandle lwaseAzov lubhekwa njengelwandle elincinane. Ngaphambili, kwakukho ingqungquthela uDon ehamba ngayo ngqo kwiLwandle oluMnyama. Kodwa i-Azovskoe yakhiwa ngokuqinisekileyo phakathi kwe-5 neye-6 yesigidi BC.

Imbali yegama lendawo inomdla kakhulu. Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba itshintshile amaxesha amaninzi. Okwangoku, inguqu enkulu yegama elivela kuyo igama lihambelana ngqo nesalathisi njengobunzulu beLwandle lwaseAzov (umyinge ophakathi kwe-6 ukuya kwe-8 m). Le thamanzi ithathwa njengona mncinci kumhlaba wePlanethi.

Kwixesha la mandulo uLwandle lwaseAzov lwaludla utshintshe amagama alo: amaGrike asendulo athi iMeotida; AmaSkithe - Kargaluk; Izizwe zaseMandulo zasendulo, ezazihlala kulunxwemeni kwiNkulungwane ye-BC. Babiza ulwandle lwaseTeminda. Igama lamanje labiwe kwi-reservoir kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 - "Azov", oku kuthetha "phantsi" ukusuka eTurkic.

Ubunzulu boLwandle lwaseAzov: umyinge, ubuncinci, ubuninzi

Ulwandle lwaseAzov aluyi kukumangalisa ngezulu. Isalathisi esikhulu sikhankanywe kuphela kwindawo ephakathi. Kule ndawo, ubunzulu buba malunga no-13-15 m. Le thamanzi yindawo efanelekileyo yokuphumla kunye nabantwana abancinci, njengoko kubalulekile ukuhamba ngamitha ambalwa ukusuka elunxwemeni, de kube amanzi afinyelele ubuncinane ibhande lomntu omdala. Kummandla wonxweme kumgama weemitha ezili-10, ubunzulu buhluka phakathi kwe-1 m. Eli nani liyakhula kuphela xa lujonge elwandle ukuya kwi-1-2 km ukuya kwi-5 m. Kule nto inokugqitywa ukuba ubunzulu be-Azov Sea: umyinge we-7.4 m , Kwaye ubukhulu becala - 13-15 m. Kodwa ubuncinci bunqunywe kwindawo phakathi kwe-Elenina kunye ne-Zhelezinskaya jar. Kukho ukukhulula okuphakanyisiwe phantsi, ngoko ubunzulu bezo ndawo abudluli kwi-3-4 m. Kwindawo yeTaganrog Bay kuneemitha ezili-9 ukuya ku-10, kwaye kufutshane ne-top-5 m.

Ulwandle lwase-Azov lubizwa ngokuba lucwecwe. Ubonakaliswe ubunzulu obuphantsi kunye nobunxweme obungapheliyo. Ubunzulu bunyuke kancane. Iindawo ezisemantla ezisemantla kunye nasenzantsi zihlukahluka: kumanzi amaninzi angasentla angasasazeka, ukuya kuma-30 km ngaphakathi, ngelixa imimandla esezantsi ine-slope ephantsi kwamanzi.

Features Pond

Ubuncinci bamanzi bufaka isandla kwisalathisi esiphantsi kwendawo yokuloba. Ingama-586 yeekhilomitha zamaritha. Km. Unxweme loLwandle lwaseAzov lukhulu kwaye luyingcambu, oluqukethe iigobolondo ezingenanto. Ububanzi beelwandle bubukhulu obuphakathi. Inempahla yokuwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwamanzi ngexesha lamatye.

Amanzi amanzi olwandle azinzinzi - axhomekeke kwimimoya engenayo yasenyakatho nentshona, kukho enye ekhoyo apha - i-circular counter-clockwise.

Iibhokhwe kunye neebhondi

Ulwandle aluhlali kwiindawo. Kukho ezine kuphela ezinkulu: i-Sivash, i-Offic, i-Berdyansk kunye neGaganrog Gulf. Iziqithi elwandle elincinci. Isici esichaphazelekayo sogu lugxobhozo olude, oluya kutshintshana nomda wonxweme, lugxobhoze unxweme. Inkulu kunazo zonke yiArbatskaya, ubude bayo buyi-115 km. Ukongeza kwiintolo zeArbat, iFedotova, iBerdyanskaya, iBeloarayskaya igawula i-Azov Sea. Imifula emikhulu ewela eLwandle lwaseAzov nguDon, uKuban.

Iimpawu zemozulu

Uhlobo lwesimo sezulu lwe-Azov lusempumalanga. Ngenxa yokuba ubunzulu bobunzulu be-Azov uLwandle abugqithi ngaphezu kwe-15 m, ehlobo iqondo lokushisa kwamanzi lingafikelela + 20 ... + 25 ° С. Ebusika, kwimimandla ekumntla, iyancipha ukuya ku-0 ... -3 ° C, eningizimu ukuya ku-0 ... + 3 ° C. Icebo likhupha ulwandle ngokungalingani kwaye kuphela kwimimandla yonxweme. Ekubusika kakhulu, i-reservoir inokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo kwintsimi ngo-90 cm. Ixesha eliphambili lokubunjwa kweqhwa nguJanuwari.

Ubuncwane

Amanzi oLwandle lwase-Azov afumana utywa ngonyaka. Isizathu salokhu kukupheliswa konyaka kwemifula emikhulu. Inyaniso kukuba ekhulwini lama-20 kwimilambo emikhulu ethwala amanzi elwandle, yakha iindawo zokugcina amanzi, ngoko ke umthamo wamanzi uye wancipha kakhulu. Uxolo lwe-Azov luxhaswa yiLwandle oluMnyama, apho esi sibonakaliso sikhulu kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, ugugu lwamanzi kwindawo yokugcina iAzov luhluka phakathi kwe-13.5% kwaye iyaqhubeka nokwanda ngonyaka. Le nto ibangela kakubi ihlabathi lezinto eziphilayo zamanzi.

Impawu zendalo

Ihlabathi eliphilayo, elihlala kwisitya sokuLwandle lwaseAzov, luvelisa kakhulu. Emanzini kukho kuphela ummeleli wezilwanyana ezincelisayo. Lo yiDophin yeAzov. Inani leentlanzi ezihlala ngokusisigxina kwigumbini malunga ne-103. Kulezi zinto, zikho ezo zibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini. Apha, ukubamba i-anchovies, i-tulks, i-flounder, inkunzi, inkunzi kunye ne-sturgeon. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukulungelelaniswa kokuthwala kwenzelwe ngempumelelo.

Sebenzisa

Unxweme lweLwandle lwaseAzov lusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuzonwabisa. Nangona idibansi elincinci nelincinci, kubalulekile kubini mabini: iRashiya ne-Ukraine. Kwakhiwa izibuko ezinkulu eMariupol naseBerdyansk. Isherlu ithembisa ukukhangela ioli, igesi kunye nezinye izityeli. E-Sivash, ityuwa iyachithwa. Ukususela ngo-1999, ngokusemthethweni kunxweme eselunxwemeni (kwi-Kazantip m.), I-Oyile ikhutshwa.

ZoKhenketho

Imozulu yonxweme ikhululekile kakhulu ngokuhlala nokuzonwabisa. Ixesha leholide liqala apha ngoMeyi kwaye lide lide kube ngo-Oktobha, malunga neentsuku eziyi-150. Umoya ogwini lugcwele ioni ze-iodine, i-bromine, i-calcium kunye nezinye i-microelements. Kwinqanaba elwandle ulunxwemeni yendawo yokuma, imimoya encinci ihlala igubha apha. Ubuncinci bamanzi buvumela ukuba ufudumale kakuhle ngexesha lezokhenketho. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya ehlobo lingafikelela + kwi-45 ° C kwinyanga edlulileyo-ngoJulayi. Umlinganiselo we-t ° ngexesha le-25 ° ... + 30 ° C. Ukunciphisa i-400-600 mm / g, ininzi yabo iyawa ekwindla. Umlinganiselo we-t ° kaJanuwari ngowama-0 ... +6 ° С, kodwa ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwintsimi yemimoya kunye nokufudumala komoya (75-85%) imeko yesimo sezulu yimbi kakhulu.

Ulwandle lwase-Azov ngenxa yobunzulu balo obunzulu bube yindawo eyintando yokuzonwabisa kwentsapho, ngakumbi nabantwana abancinci. Ngenxa yamanzi angcolileyo, amanzi avuselela kakuhle ehlobo ukuya kwi-23 ° С. Kulo lonke unxweme zakhiwe izindlu neziseko zokuphumla, ii-sanatoriums-dispensaries.