Umyinge ubudala - ukuvela ilizwe

yobudala Umyinge (okanye "amaxesha ezimnyama") yaba zaguquka apha kwimbali yaseYurophu. Igama elithi got igama layo ngenxa yokuba eli xesha oluphakathi phakathi kudala kunye Renaissance.

I-avareji yobudala yaqala emva kokuwa Western uBukhosi baseRoma. Izizwe ngamaGoth Huns watshabalalisa isixeko yamandulo sifakelwe urhulumente omtsha. Ekuqaleni, le nkqubo yayifana uluntu zobukrwada wesizwe, ekhokelwa kwibhunga abadala. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu wadlulela iinkokeli ezithile izintso bebodlula kunoogxa babo nokuba amandla ubuqili.

EYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi waba nelaye lasisiseko bakumazwe asele mihla. Bona kwasekwa kumgaqo sobummandla kunye zifana yamandulo isixeko-States. Ngaphandle kwaba inkqubo yezopolitiko. Inkokeli ethile indawo umgca phezulu enqabeni yomkhosi, nto leyo imi kufutshane kwindawo kwilali engundoqo. NjengoMlawuli zinika ukhuselo kunye nokhuseleko abahlali.

Asizizo zonke mali ukuhlala edolophini, ngoko kungenzeka ukuba ukwakha imizi ngakumbi. Abahlali baye befuna ukhuseleko luhlawulelwe kulo irhafu egameni leNkosi wakhe.

Ukuvela kwisixokelelwano feudal ekuthiwa-yayiphawuleka esemncinane phakathi. Kwaye ke iqala imbali yegazi loloyiso. Ezinye yeenkosi njengomfundisi isixhobo kunye nenani yomkhosi. Oku kwenza ukuba bathathe ulawulo bangi ngokuncipha. Le luckiest aba ookumkani, kwaye abanye - akhonze.

Ukwenziwa ithi ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle ingcamango enamandla, nto leyo ukuhlanganisa izizwe abanemfundo. Xa 12-13 Kwiinkulungwane th, ngookumkani baqala ukuba ngenkuthalo negalelo ekomelezeni indawo of the Christian Church. Ngaphantsi eneminyaka elikhulu yobuKatolika unqulo kuphela eYurophu. nenqaba yakhe yaye uhlala kule mini iCodex. Kodwa ukuba ngoku Pope - ungumntu yoluntu, evakalisa uxolo nemvisiswano, ukuba iminyaka engama-600 eyadlulayo ke ngoko abashumayeli igama elingcwele khuthaza ingcamango yokuba Zomnqamlezo (ezibe 3) of the Holy Sepulchre.

Kucingwa impumelelo kakhulu ngempumelelo IsiNgesi ukumkani uRichard i Lionheart, oyisa iYerusalem. Kodwa ke nokunyoluka Crusaders kwakhokelela ekubeni ixabiso lokwenyaniso ongekho ikhowudi lwabo yimbeko. Oku bachaphazelekayo nje kuphela ngokunxulumene ematyaleni, kodwa umoya. Loo nto, ukuba yinkokeli omkhulu Arabhu (Saladin) ukuya nines ukuba litshitshiswe French kunye IsiNgesi kartel istili. winners isixeko kwawona zohlanjwa ngamanzi acocekileyo kunye oluphahlwe ezinamagqabi rose.

Iminyaka yobudala engumndilili ebonakalayo kuphela inzuzo kodwa impumelelo yenzululwazi. Icawa wayengekho elungele kwimfundo ngokubanzi, kodwa ke kwakukho oosonzululwazi abo isebenza kuphuhliso izimvo zabo. Phakathi kwabo, uGalileo Galilei, owathi ukuba umhlaba ngeenxa zonke, kuba oko watshisa Kwamacala oyiNgcwele, yaye, ke, yayingeyiyo uLeonardo da Vinci, ogama izinto ezihambelana nanamhlanje.

History of the Ages Aphakathi 'umdla yaye sinokufunda lukhulu. Zokulwa kuya kuba luncedo kubantu abatsha iingcinga zayo zilihlazo imbeko, isidima, uthando kunye nobuhlobo. Iimpazamo abaphathi ingqalelo kwimodeli mihla karhulumente, kuya kunceda ukulungisa imeko yezoqoqosho kokhona kulungileyo; nokungazingci ke ngoko izazinzulu kufuneka bafunde namhlanje zikaAesculapius.