Inkcubeko yaseYurophu nakwi-Middle Ages yokuqala

"I-Middle Ages" ekuphuhliseni iingcamango ze-European Renaissance culture (time Renaissance) ezibizwa ngokuba yixesha lokunyuka kwehlabathi jikelele, elawela ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-Antiquity kunye nobuchule bokuvuselela. Enyanisweni, inkcubeko ye-Middle Ages (i-V-IX yamakhulu eminyaka) yayiyinkimbinkimbi enzima kunye neyobuninzi. Liye laba yinqanaba elitsha ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo yaseYurophu kunye nobomi bokomoya.

Ukutshintshela kuma-Middle Ages ukususela kwi-Antiquity kubangelwa ukuwa kweMmandla woMmandla waseRoma kunye nokuwa kweenkcubeko zasendulo, kwakunye nokuThuthwa kweMizwe ePhambili. Ukuvela kwenkcubeko entsha kwenzelwa ukungqubuzana ngokuphawulekayo kwamasiko amabini ahluke ngokupheleleyo-amandulo (amaRoma) kunye nohlanga (isiJamani). Akukho nto ebalulekileyo kunezo zimbini ezikhankanywe yiyimpembelelo ekhulayo yobuKristu, eyaba ngumgaqo wokudibanisa wesithethe esisodwa sehlabathi elitsha.

Inkcubeko yeNtshona Yurophu ekuqaleni kwe-Middle Ages ngumxube oyingqayizivele weenkcubeko ezahlukileyo ezibangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwelifa lemveli kunye neengcamango ezincinci ezenzeke phantsi kwefuthe lobuKristu. Yiyo le nto eyaba yinkcubeko ebalulekileyo yeli xesha, umqolo wehlabathi elitsha, isimo sengqondo kunye nokuqonda kwabantu.

Ubomi bokomoya buhlala kusekelwe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-Middle Ages, isiseko sezentlalo senkcubeko senziwa ngala manqaku alandelayo:

• Ukunyuselwa kwezilwanyana ezivela ezweni;
• Ukuqhelaniswa kwamalungelo amakhosi angama-feudal ukuhlawula impahla (inkqubo ye-system);
• Ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-Feudal, olungabandakanyi ubukho bempahla yabucala epheleleyo.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izibonda ezimbini zenkcubeko nezentlalo - iinkosana ze-feudal kunye nabahlali abaxhomekeke kuyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekuveleni kobuhlakani kunye nolwalamano oluthile, oluhluke ngokulinganayo kwi-"ininzi yesininzi" yabantu abangafundile. Iimpawu zobomi boqoqosho, obuneminyaka yokuqala ye-Middle Ages, zathonya kakhulu ukubunjwa kwenkcubeko.

Eli xesha leYurophu likhethekileyo. Kwakungoku ngeli xesha ukuba imisebenzi ebekwe ikusasa lempucuko yaseYurophu yaxazululwa. Kwixesha la mandulo, "iYurophu" yayingekho njengendawo yoluntu kunye neyendalo. Ifom yaqala kuphela ngeli xesha.

Ama-Middle Ages akuqala ukunika ihlabathi impumelelo enkulu, kodwa yile xesha eliye laqalisa inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Ngoko ke, ixabiso layo linokuthelekiswa neendawo eziphakamileyo zenkcubeko yasendulo.

Iimpawu eziqaqambileyo kwimpilo yenkcubeko yee-5-7 zeenkulungwane zidibaniswa nokufaniswa kwelifa elidlulileyo, okwakubaluleke kakhulu kwiItali naseSpain. Iingcali kunye neenkcubeko zenkcubeko zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa sele isiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-7, isiko laseNtshona Yurophu liyahla. Wayekhokelela kwiimonasteri, egcinwa kuphela ngamonki.

Amaxesha Aphakathi Aphakathi - ixesha lokudalwa kweyokuqala ebhaliweyo "Iimbali" zeentaba. Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka kubangele ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo zobugcisa. Sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-6, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi wamanzi kuqala.

Kwenzeki ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphindaphinda ubomi benkcubeko yezizwe ezingafani. Kuye kwaqaphela ukuba kwixesha loMfuduko Omkhulu iqhawe leqhawe liye laqala ukuma . Abanqabileyo bazisa indlela entsha yokujonga ihlabathi, ngokusekelwe kumandla amandulo, ubuhlobo bentlanga, amandla anjengeemfazwe, ubunye kunye nendalo kunye nokungabikho kwamanye abantu.

Ama-Middle Ages okuqala kwakuqala kokukhula kobuqu beentlanga ezingenanto. Ifilosofi yeli xesha ityelela kwi-universalism. Umoya unamandla ngaphezu kwento, uThixo phezu kwehlabathi.

Iingoma ze-Oral ziphuhliswa, ngakumbi eScandinavia naseNgilandi.

Imigango yayiyinto ekhethekileyo yenkcubeko. Uzuko lwaluvuyiswa yi-troubadours - iibongozi ezenzile iimbongo zabo zokuhambela umculo.

Umlawuli weengqungquthela zentlalontle yoluntu ngumlimi welizwe, owathi, nangona bewushiya indiva isigqeba esilawulayo, ngendlela elawulwayo ebomini bobomi bentlalo. Icawa yayingekho inzondo kubahlali, becinga ubuhlwempuzekileyo. Izikolo zaseYurophu zasezandleni zecawa, izinga lemfundo lincinci.