UVictor Petrovich Astafiev - biography. Ubunjani, ubomi bomntu, isithombe

Abaninzi bethu bakhumbula imisebenzi kaVictor Petrovich Astafiev kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Lawa ngamabali ngemfazwe, kunye neengxaki zobomi obunzima kwidolophana yaseRussia, kunye nokubonakalisa kweziganeko ezenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kwemfazwe kweli lizwe. UVictor Petrovich Astafyev wayengumbhali wabantu ngokwenene! I-biografi yakhe ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokubandezeleka kunye nobukho obubuhlungu bomntu oqhelekileyo ngexesha le-Stalinism. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, abantu baseRashiya ababonakali kumfanekiso weqhawe elinamandla lonke, onokukwazi ukujongana naluphi na ukunyanzelwa kunye nokulahleka, njengokuba kwakuqhelekileyo ngelo xesha. Umbhali wabonisa ukuba nzima kangakanani imithwalo yemfazwe kunye nolawulo lwamaqela olawulo olulawulwa ngelo xesha kwilizwe, kubahlali baseRashiya abalula.

UViktor Astafyev: I-Biography

Umbhali wazalwa ngo-Meyi 1, 1924 kwi-Krasnodar Territory, kwidolophana yaseOvsyanka yesithili saseSoviet. Lapha wachitha ubuntwaneni bakhe. Uyise wale nkwenkwana, uPyotr Astafyev, nonina, uLydia I. Potylitsyna, babengabantu abahlala kwintlanzi, babe nekhaya elivakalayo. Kodwa ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwentsapho yachithwa. Iintombi zombini zikaPeter uPavvvich noLydia Ilinichny bafa besesana. UVictor wasala ngaphandle kwabazali ekuqaleni. Uyise wayesevalelwe entolongweni ngenxa yokuba "uhlaselo." Kwaye umama wagxuma kwiYenisei xa le nkwenkwe yayineminyaka eli-7 ubudala. Kwakuyingozi. Isikhephe apho uLydia Ilinichna, phakathi kwabanye, awela khona umlambo ukudibana nomyeni wakhe entolongweni, waphenduka. Emva kokuwa emanzini, lo mfazi wabamba i-oblique ukuze ibhonasi idibene. Emva kokufa kwabazali bakhe, le nkwenkwana yakhuliswa kwintsapho kayise nogogo. Ukufuna ukubhalwa komntwana kwavuka kwangethuba. Kamva, xa waba umbhali, u-Astafyev wakhumbula indlela uNogogo uKaterina ambiza ngayo ngokuthi "uxoka" ngenjongo engafanelekiyo. Ubomi babantu abadala bebonakala ngathi yinkwenkwe yenkwenkwe kumfana. Wayenguye kuphela imemori ecacileyo yobuntwana bakhe. Emva kwesiganeko esikolweni, uViktor wathunyelwa kwisikolo sokubhoda kwidolophana yaseIgarka. Wahlala apho ubomi obunzima. Le nkwenkwe yayihlala ingenamakhaya. Utitshala wokubhoda u-Ignatii Rozhdestvensky waphawula umnqweno wokufunda kweso sifundo. Wazama ukuyihlakulela. Ukubunjwa kwenkwenkwe ngekratshi lakhe eliyintanda liya kuthiwa kamsebenzi wakhe ongafi "iVasyutkin Lake", xa eba ngumlobi odumileyo. Emva kokugqiba ibanga lesithandathu se-secreta uVictor ungena esikolweni sesitimela seFZO. Uya kuwugqiba ngo-1942.

Ubomi bomdala

Emva koko le nsizwa isebenza ixesha elithile kwisikhululo sesitishi njengomqhagamshelwano wesitimela kufuphi nesixeko saseKrasnoyarsk. Imfazwe yenza izilungiso ebomini bakhe. Ekwindla yonyaka omnye, ngo-1942, wazinikela ngokuzithandela ngaphambili. Lapha wayeyi-artilleryman, umqhubi, kunye nomthunywa womqondiso. UViktor Astafiev wathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yasePoland, eUkraine, walwa neKursk Bulge. Ngethuba lokulwa wabuhlungu kakhulu kwaye waxhatshazwa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwakhe kwemikhosi kwanikezelwa ngamagqabi "Ngobukrakra", "Ukukhutshwa kwePoland", "Ukunqoba kwiJamani" kunye neNkundla yeRayibhakabhaka eliBomvu. Emva kokufudumala ngo-1945 kwisixeko saseChusovoy kwii-Urals, uVictor Petrovich Astafiev uhlala. I-biography yakhe apha yenza iinguqulelo ezintsha. Ubomi obuhlukile, obunokuthula buqala. Lapha uzisa umfazi wakhe, oza kuthiwa waba umbhali - MS Koryakin. Babengabantu abahluke ngokupheleleyo. UVictor wayehlala ejikelezwe ngabasetyhini. Wayengumntu onomdla kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuba uneentombi ezimbini ezingekho mthethweni. Umfazi wayemkhwele. Waphupha ukuba umyeni wakhe uthembekile kwintsapho. Apha, e-Chusovoy, uVictor wenza nantoni na umsebenzi wokutya abantwana. Emtshatweni wayenabo abathathu kubo. Intombazana endala, uMaria noVictor, yalahleka. Wayeneminyaka embalwa nje ubudala xa efa esibhedlele kwi-dyspepsia enamandla. Kwathi ngo-1947. Kwaye ngo-1948 i-Astafyevs yayinentombi yesibini, eyayibizwa ngokuthi nguIra. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva unyana kaAndrei wabonakala kwintsapho. Abantwana bakaViktor Petrovich Astafyev bakhulela kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngenxa yempembelelo yezempilo echazwe kwimfazwe, umlobi ozayo wayenalo ithuba lokubuyela kwizinto ezizodwa ezifunyenwe kwiFZO. E-Chusovoy wakwazi ukusebenza nzima njengomkhenkethi, njengomthwalo wokudlala, njengowomshini kumveliso wasekuhlaleni, kwaye njengendlela yokuhlamba imoto kwipshani ye-sausage, kunye nomchweli kwinqwelo yokuhamba.

Ukuqala kwendlela yokudala

Ibhizinisi lokubhala lisakhangele ikosi ezayo yegama. Apha, e-Chusovoy, u tyelela isangqa sobhali. Yiloo ndlela uViktor Petrovich Astafyev akhumbula ngayo. Ubunono bakhe bengaziwa, ngoko kubafundi bakhe, nantoni na izinto ezincinane ezinxulumene nobomi bakhe okanye umsebenzi zibalulekile. "Ndandinomnqweno wokubhala kwangethuba. Ndiyakhumbula kakuhle indlela, ngelixa ndandwendwela isangqa sobhaliweyo, omnye wabasebenzi befunda ibali lakhe elitsha. Umsebenzi wandimangalisa ngento engafanelekanga ngayo, ukungaqhelekanga. Ndathabatha kwaye ndabhala ibali. Lo kwakuyindalo yam yokuqala. Ngaloo nto, ndatsho ngomhlobo wam phambi komgca, "umbhali wachaza malunga nokuqala kwakhe. Isihloko salo msebenzi wokuqala sithi "Umntu onguMphakathi". Ngo-1951 yapapashwa kwiphephandaba iChusovoy Rabochiy. Ibali liyimpumelelo. Iminyaka emine ezayo, umbhali ungumqeshwa wombhalo wale ncwadi. Ngomnyaka we-1953, isixeko sase-Perm sashicilela iqoqo lakhe elifutshane elibizwa ngegama elithi "Kuze kube yiNtsuku elandelayo". Kwaye ngo-1958 u-Astafyev wabhala incwadi ethi "Melt iqhwa", apho wayegqityile iingxaki zobomi beefama zasekuhlaleni. Kungekudala iqoqo lesibini elibizwa ngokuthi "Ogonki" lakhishwa nguViktor Astafyev. "Iibali kubantwana" - yile ndlela umlobi echaza ngayo oku kudalwa.

Ibali elithi "Starodub". Ukuguquka komsebenzi womlobi

UVictor Astafyev uthathwa njengomntu ozifundisayo. Imfundo enjalo, akazange ayifumane, kodwa wayehlala ezama ukuphucula ubugcisa babo. Kule nto, umbhali ngo-1959-1961 wafunda kwiiNqanaba eziPhezulu zeMibhalo eMoscow. Kwiimagazini zeeUreals, u-Petrovich Astafyev uphendule ngezihlandlo zakhe imisebenzi, apho i-biography yakhe ichazwe apha. Kuzo iphakamisa iingxaki ezinzulu zokubunjwa kobuntu, ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima ze-30s no-40. Lawa mabali anjengokuthi "utywala", "Umnsalo wokugqibela", "Endaweni ethile iMfazwe ihamba" kunye nabanye. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezininzi zazo zizendalo. Nazi iziganeko zobomi bezintandane, ezinikezelwe kuyo yonke inkohlakalo, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwabasimili, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukuguquka komsebenzi ka-Astafiev kwakuyi-Starvelub yakhe ye-novella, ebhalwe ngo-1959. Isenzo kuso sibonakala kwindawo yokuhlala yaseSiberia. Iingcamango nezithethe zaBakholwa Abadala abavusanga uvelwano lukaVictor. Imithetho yaseTaiga, "ukholo lwendalo", ngokubhaliweyo kumbhali, ungamlondolozi umntu ekubeni yedwa kwaye ulungise iingxaki eziphuthumayo. Umnqophiso womsebenzi kukufa kwe-protagonist. Kwizandla zomntu oshonile endaweni yekhandlela - intyatyambo ye starodub.

Astafyev ngomntu waseRussia kwibali elithi "Umkhosi kunye noMama"

Uluhlu lwabhali bomsebenzi wexesha "lokuqala lwesizwe saseRashiya" luqala nini? Ngokwabaninzi abagxekayo, kubali lika-Astafiev "Umkhosi kunye noMama." I heroine ephezulu yendalo ayinalo igama. Iquka onke amabhinqa aseRashiya, ngaphakathi ezintliziyweni zabo "isondo elinesityebi semfazwe" sidlulile. Apha umbhali udala iintlobo zabantu ezinobungqina babo, inyaniso, "inyaniso yobuntu". Kuyamangalisa indlela inkosi ebonisa ngayo isibindi iingxaki zokuphuhliswa kwentlalontle kwindalo yakhe. Umthombo oyintloko, owenza ugqozi u-Astafyev Viktor Petrovich - biography. Ingcaciso emfutshane yayo ayinakwenzeka ukuvusa ukuvakalelwa kwintliziyo yomfundi. Yingakho ubomi bombhali bunzima kakhulu apha.

Umxholo wemfazwe kwimisebenzi yomlobi

Ngama-1954, "umntwana ozithandayo" umbhali waphuma. Yimalunga nebali elithi "UMalusi noMalusikazi". Kwiintsuku ezi-3 nje, inkosi inabhala iphepha eliyi-120. Kamva wayiphula kuphela itekisi. Abazange bafune ukushicilela ibali, bahlala beqhekeza iziqhekeza ezize zingavumeli ukucelwa. Emva kweminyaka engama-15 kuphela, umlobi wakwazi ukuyikhulula kwinguqu yokuqala. Phakathi kwimbali yembali yomlawuli weplatoon, uBoris Kostyaev, ojongene nazo zonke izinto eziphazamisayo zemfazwe, kodwa esele efa ngamanxeba kunye nokugqithiswa kwisitimela esithatha emva. Uthando lomfazi alulondolozi umlingisi ophezulu. Kwimbali, umbhali udonsa phambi komfundi umfanekiso ocacileyo wemfazwe nokufa kwakhe. Akunzima kakhulu ukuqiqa ukuba kutheni umsebenzi awufuni ukupapashwa. Abantu abaye balwa kwaye bawunqoba kule mpi, kwakuyinto yesiko ukubonakalisa unamandla, oqinileyo, ongenamandla. Ngokutsho kwamabali enkosi, akagcini nje kuphela, kodwa uyonakalisa. Kwaye abantu bahlupheka ngokufa kunye nokunyanzelwa nje kuphela ngenxa yecala labahlaseli be-fascist abafika kwilizwe labo, kodwa nangenxa yokuthanda kwenkqubo yokulawula isizwe esilawula ilizwe. Ubunjineli u-Astafyev uVictor uzalisekile kunye neminye imisebenzi ecacileyo, efana no "Sasha Lebedev", "Iphupha elixhalabileyo", "Amakhosikazi omfazi", "iIndiya", "i-Blue Twilight", "iDaily Diamond", "Sula usuku" nabanye.

Ibali elithi "Phuma kwiJustani yaseRashiya" - ingoma yokunyamekela

Ngowe-1972, umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo wenziwa nguViktor Petrovich Astafiev. I-biography, ingcaciso emfutshane ebhalwe apha, inomdla kakhulu. Umbhali wakhula kwimizi. Wambona uhlangothi olubi. Akayivuyiswa kukubandezeleka kunye nobunzima babantu ababenomsebenzi wokuphulukana nomva, owaziwa kuye ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ibali elithi "Hamba kwiJustani yaseRussia" ngumsebenzi onohlobo lomculo kwizandla zabasebenzi. Umbhali uE. E. Nosov uthe ngaye: "Oku akuxelelwa, kodwa ukuxhamla ..." Kuba yinkwenkwana elula yendawo, ingadi yemifuno ayiyona indawo apho "unokufaka khona isisu sakho," kodwa ihlabathi lonke lizele iimfihlakalo kunye neemfihlelo. Nguye yena nesikolo sobomi, kunye ne-Academy of Fine Arts. Xa ufunda i-"Ode" ayishiyi ingqondo yokudabuka ngenxa yokusebenzisana okulahlekileyo kwezabasebenzi bezolimo, okwenza umntu abe nolwalamano olunikezela ubomi kunye noMama Wendalo.

Umgca wokugqibela "umnsalo" malunga nobomi kwidolophana

Umbhali uVictor Astafyev uvelisa umxholo wezilwanyana kwezinye zezenzo zakhe. Omnye wabo ngumjikelezo webali elibizwa ngokuba yi "Bow Bow". Ingxelo ivela kumntu wokuqala. Kwinqanaba lomsebenzi walo mbhali yiziphumo zezingane zasezidolophini, obuntwaneni babo obwenzeka ngowe-1930, xa ukuhlanganiswa kwaqala kweli lizwe, nolutsha - kwi "40" yomlilo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lolu chungechunge lwamabali lwadalwa iminyaka emibini (ukususela ngo-1958 ukuya ku-1978). Iimbali zokuqala zihluke ngandlela-thile, ngokuhlaziya okucokisekileyo. Kwaye kumabali okugqibela, ukuzimisela kombhali ukugxeka ngokuqinileyo inkqubo etshabalalisa iziseko zentlalo kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Bavakala ngokukrakra nangokuvukisayo.

Itheyibhile "i-Tsar-fish" -ukuya eendaweni zendawo

Kwimisebenzi yakhe, umbhali uhlakulela umxholo wokugcina izithethe zesizwe. Ibali lakhe, elibizwa ngokuba nguTyar-Fish, elipapashwe ngo-1976, lisondele emoyeni kumjikelezo wamabali malunga nokuhlala kwidolophana. Ngo-2004, kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo eKrasnoyarsk ngenhlonipho yomhla wokuzalwa wama-80. Ngoku ke enye yeempawu zesixeko. Ngethuba le ncwadi yashicilelwa, uVictor Astafyev wayesele eyaziwayo kwaye eyaziwayo umbhali. Isithombeni sakhe siphepha kumaphephancwadi encwadi. Kuthiwani ngencwadi? Indlela enomdla yokufakela izinto ezikulo msebenzi. Umlobi ubonisa imifanekiso yintombi, engafunyanwa yimpucuko, ubomi bomntu kwi-outback yaseSiberia. Abantu abaye balahlekelwa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ebudeni babo utywala, ulwaphulo, ubusela, isibindi, zibuhlungu.

Incwadi emayelana nemfazwe "Iyaqalekiswa yabulawa" - ukugxekwa kweStalin

Ngo-1980 wathuthela ezweni lakubo-eKrasnoyarsk - uVictor Astafyev. I-Biography apha ayitshintshi ukuba ibe ngcono. Emva kweminyaka embalwa emva kokuhamba, intombi yomlobi, u-Irina, wafa ngokukhawuleza. UViktor Petrovich noMaria Semyonovna bathatha abantwana babo, abazukulu babo uPolina noVitya nabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulapha, ekhaya, inkosi inokwakheka kwendalo. Ubhala imisebenzi efana ne "Zaberega", "Pestrruha", "Ukunyuka kwe-ice drift", "Ukufa", izahluko zokugqibela ze "Bow Bow" nabanye. Lapha wakha incwadi yakhe eyintloko malunga nemfazwe - inqaku elithi "Uqalekisiwe waza wafa." Lo msebenzi wombhali uhlukaniswe ngokubukhali, udidi, uluthando. Ukubhalwa kweNewafafyev inoveli yanikezwa uMvuzo weRhu lumente waseRashiya.

2001 yaba ngumlobi weendaba ezingapheliyo ezibulalayo. Uchitha ixesha elide esibhedlele. Aba babini babethwa yi-stroke abashiyi ithemba lokubuyisela. Abahlobo bakhe banxusa iKhansela yeeNgingqi zeeKrasnoyarsk ukuba babelane ngemali yokunyangwa kombhali phesheya. Ukuqwalasela le ngxaki kuye kwaba yilingo lomlobi. Imali ayikwabiwe. Oogqirha, besasaza izandla, bathumela isiguli ukuba sife ekhaya. NgoNovemba 29, 2001 uVictor Astafiev wasweleka. Iifilimu zenziwe ngokwemisebenzi yakhe ziyathakazelisa kakhulu kubabukeli namhlanje.