Umfanekiso wePetersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol noPushkin. Petersburg kwi "Nevsky Prospect" iGogol

Akukho mzi waseRussia ukhange kakhulu ingqalelo yabalobi beefoto ezahlukeneyo, njengeSt. Petersburg. Waba ngumqwenga- mfanekiso, umfanekiso wesimboli, ixesha-mfanekiso. I-Petersburg njengokungathi izithandwa, zikhanga iingcamango zabalobi, ngaphambi kokuba i-charm yayo, ngamanye amaxesha ibuhlungu kwaye ingabonakaliyo, akunakwenzeka ukumelana nayo. Umelelwa njengomntu ophilayo, njengombononophahla, njengento engatshitshiyo ephethe ukufa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kuphela. Abalobi baye babona kwaye babona iNorthern Palmyra ingalingani. Ngoko, ngokuchaseneyo uguqule umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol noPushkin.

Petersburg ngamehlo ka-Alexander Pushkin

Kuba uAlexandria Sergeevich Petersburg wayeyinqaba ye-autocracy, ingoma kuPetrine iguqula kwaye ibonakalisa intsingiselo yexesha, i-mores, amasiko kunye nemikhwa. Umfanekiso obomvu weso sixeko uboniswe kwelinye leentlekele ezincinane - "I-Bronze Horseman", kunye ne "Queen of Spades", "Isikhululo seSitishi" ukusuka kumjikelezo othi "iTale of Belkin" kunye neminye eminye imisebenzi.

KwiBronze Horseman umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg wePushkin ehlanganiswe nomfanekiso kaPeter kunye nemisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko. Esi sixeko saba ngumgaqo-sipala, ngumzi kaPetros I, umkhulu welizwe laseRashiya.

Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg awubonakali nje ubukhulu nobuhle bemisebenzi kaPetros, kodwa kunye nokukhuseleka kwabantu abaqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwamandla ayo nokungenakwenzeka. Iimpawu ezifanayo, zithinta umhlaba kwaye ithatha ubomi. Ngaloo ndlela, ubomi buka-Eugene nomtshakazi wakhe babonakaliswa ngumkhukula.

I-Pushkin iphakamisa kwintlekele umbuzo wokuguqulwa kukaPetros, okwenene, okuninzi utshintshile ukuba kube ngcono kweli lizwe, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akazange aqwalasele iimfuno zomntu ngamunye. Oku kuphikisanayo akusoloko kulungiswa, kwaye umzi ngokwawo uba ngumqondiso wale ngxaki.

Ingoma ePeter

Ukuqaliswa kweentlekele I-Bronze Horseman yaba ngumqondiso. Iyabonakala ngokukhawuleza ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yezahluko ezalandelayo zomsebenzi ngokubaluleka kwayo, ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya. Ngokuqhelekileyo isingeniso siqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo kwintlekele yonke kwaye sibizwa ngokuba yingoma yeMntla Palmyra. Kuqhelekile ukuthelekisa naye umfanekiso wePetersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol, Dostoevsky nabanye ababhali baseRussia, abahlala bexhamla kwiPushkin.

Ukugembula kunye nokunciphisa iPetersburg

Isiseko so "u-Queen of Spades" nguAlexandro Pushkin isicatshulwa. Umdlali oyintloko nguHerman, umgijimi ongenamdla. Uyabanjwa ngumnqweno wokufuna ukufunda imfihlelo yamakhadi amathathu ukuba u-Countess omdala ugcine. I-Pushkin ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichaze ngokucacileyo ubomi obungenanto kunye nabangenalusizo lwabadlali abachitha ixesha labo ngamakhadi. Lonke uluntu oluphakamileyo - ukususela kumncinci ukuya kumdala - luphantsi kwesi sifo. Umfanekiso wePetersburg uba ngumqondiso wentengo enkulu, ehlanjululwa ngokungabonakaliyo kunye nengqiqo. Isixeko esiphambukisa abantu, siphucula abantu, sichitha izigwebo kunye neengcinga. U-Pushkin uchaza ukuba umonakalo owonakalisayo ngenxa yezizathu zentlalo. Iklasi elingaphambili kweli xesha alizange limele ubomi bakhe ngaphandle kwemidlalo yamakhadi, lichithe lonke ixesha kunye nemali kulo msebenzi. Amakhadi aphakanyiselwe kwi-footestal yexabiso eliphezulu kunye nokubaluleka. Kwakukho iimeko xa ikosikazi ilahlekelwa ngumfazi wayo.

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho fad malunga nendima yexesha elizayo, imeko kwimeko yomntu. Lefilosofi yahlanganiswa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokunciphisa ukugembula. Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kumzekelo kaHerman, obona ithuba lokufunda imfihlelo yamakhadi ngokuthanda kukaMbonelelo, kwaye ubone ubutyebi kunye nesimo kwindawo yoluntu ukuba lixabiseke kakhulu. Yile ndlela iSt. Petersburg ebonakala ngayo kwi-Queen of Spades.

Umfanekiso ofanayo wenkunzi ubeka iPushkin kwi "Stationmaster." Ummeli woluntu ophakamileyo wasePetersburg - igosa leMinsk - ubonakala ngumntu oziqhenyayo, onenkohliso nonenkohlakalo. Nangona uVicrin ehlwempuzekileyo kwaye engakhuselekanga, kodwa umntu oziphatha kakuhle, uphendukela ekubeni ngumphathi wesiteshi olula oza kwinkunzi kuphela ukuze abuyele intombi yakhe.

I-Pushkin ingakumbi igxininisa ukunyanzelwa kwePetersburg. Ngoko, intombazana enxibe kakuhle ithatha imali kaVinrin. Umfanekiso wedolophu uyadalwa, apho yonke into engabonakaliyo, izixeko ezinezantsi ezimbini.

Kule mi sebenzi umfanekiso wePushkin's Petersburg ufumana izinto ezifana nokuqamba, ukukhohlakala, ukunyaniseka.

Umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol

I-Petersburg Gogol nePushkin inezohlukeneyo kunye nokufana. Iinjongo ze-mysticism, ukunyaniseka, amandla kunye nobukhosi ziya kuba ngundoqo kwiGogolian umfanekiso weNorthern Palmyra, kodwa zifakwe kwaye zibonakaliswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

U-Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol wachitha ixesha elide kwikomkhulu, echaphazela kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe. Umxholo waseSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol yenye yezona zikhokelo. Wada wabhala uluhlu lweendaba zasePetersburg.

I-Petersburg Gogol iyihlabathi elingaqondakaliyo, eligcwele ubunzima obunzima. Ihlabathi apho amandla kunye nokunethezeka kokulawula, kunye nomntu omncinci akayi kuba nexabiso kwaye unokuphelelwa ngaphandle kokushiya ingqolowa yememori ngaye. I-Petersburg kwimisebenzi yeGogol-indawo apho abantu bezithetha khona, iindiza zibalekela kubanikazi babo kwaye zihlala kwindawo evelele kuluntu, kwaye izinto ziya kuphila.

Ngoko, umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol ungachazwa ngokufutshane njengesiqendu se-hyperbolization, grotesque and satire.

IKrismesi neyinyaniso yaseSt. Petersburg ngamehlo kaGogol

Ibali elithi "Ubusuku Ngaphambi Krisimesi" yinto yokuqala, apho iSt. Petersburg Gogol yabonakala khona. Isixeko sibheka phambi kwesigxina saseVakula kunye nehlabathi elikhazimulayo elikhazimulayo. Kuzo zonke iinkalo zijikelezwe ngokukhanya kunye nezandi ezininzi, ukunyakaza okungaqhelekanga ezitrato kunqabileyo, izindlu ezinobomi zibonakala zibukele. Ngenkcazo yebhotwe ye-Empress, yonke into yinto engavamile kwaye inkulu kakhulu: imidwebo, izitepisi, kunye nokuvalela iingcango; Kwaye abemi bembethe iingubo eziqaqambileyo, ezimnandi. Isixeko sibonakala ngobuhle nobuhle obuhle.

Uhluke ngokupheleleyo "kuMhloli". Oku akusisiganeko, kodwa ngumfanekiso wangempela waseSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol. Esi sixeko siba yindawo eyimbeko kwindawo apho into ebalulekileyo kumntu uphila kakuhle.

Kwi-comedy ngeSt. Petersburg, xelela abalinganiswa ababini - uKhlestakov kunye nomkhonzi wakhe u-Osip. Ngamehlo kaKhlestakov, umfundi ubona isixeko apho izigaba zilawulwa yimigangatho kunye nokunethezeka. Umda weephupha zegosa elincinci elithanda ukufumana ukutya okanye ukunyuswa kwi-marshal. Ngoko uKhlestakov ubona njengendoda ecebile enezikhundla eziphakamileyo, oyoyika kwaye ohlonishwayo. U-Osip Petersburg uhluke ngokupheleleyo. Le sixeko yamehlo omkhonzi, apho kungenakho i-luxury, kodwa kukho zonke iintlobo zokuzonwabisa: iinqwelo zokuhamba ngehashe, i-theater, inja yokudansa. Yaye uyakuthanda uninzi lwazo zonke ezixekweni ukuzithoba kwabantu kubantu kwingxoxo. I-Petersburg i-Osip yinyani kwaye iyomphefumlo ngaphezu koyilo lweKhlestakov.

Petersburg "Imiphefumlo Efileyo"

Kuwo wonke umbhali indlela yokuziphatha kukaNikolai Vasilievich ukuya eNyakatho Palmira yatshintsha. Kodwa, kwanokuguqulwa kancane kancane, kugcinwe iimpawu zayo eziphambili zomfanekiso waseSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol. "Imiphefumlo efile" ngumfanekiso ocacileyo wale tshintsho.

Kwisiqendu ngasinye senkondlo, uGogol ukhuluma ngePetersburg, engalibali ukuthetha ngaye ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko, ngokukhawuleza xa uMchichikov esondela kwi-tavern, umlobi uthi ngokugqithisileyo ukutya kweematriki zaseSt. Petersburg. Okanye masithathe, sitsho ibhola yegubernatorial. UGogol uthi amaninzi kulabo bahlanganiswe apha afana kakhulu nabemi belikhulu. Kwimaphepha yenkondlo, kukho ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kombhali malunga neephakamileyo eziphezulu zePetersburg kunye neembasa kunye nokubonakala okubonakalayo, okuvela kuye umntu omele ulindele kuphela into enyanyekayo.

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, umxholo waseSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol uyintloko. Kwaye "kwiMimoya Efileyo" kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwibali likaKaputeni Kopeykin. Eli libali ngeqhawe lemfazwe lika-1812, ongavumelekanga oza eSt. Petersburg ngethemba lokwenene inceba. Nangona kunjalo, wenqatshelwe uncedo. Isixeko sibheka phambi kwethu isinqaba esinamandla nesiphepheli samandla omlawuli, apho kungekho ndawo ihlwempuzekileyo kunye nokubandezeleka. Ngaphezu koko, kumntu omncinci akalunganga, unenkohlakalo kwaye akabi.

Petersburg kwi "Imiphefumlo Efileyo" - isixeko esiphathekayo amathambo, umoya wesidolophu sangempela. Izinto kunye nabantu abahlala kuyo bafana ngokufanayo. Ufana neziko lehlabathi, apho ihlabathi lonke lihlanganisene khona. Amagunya apha anelungelo lokulahla abantu njengoko kuthanda. Nanku akukho nyaniso kunye nokukhuselwa, kuphela ukukhazimula okubandayo kokunethezeka nokungakhathaleli kunye nokunyaniseka kwamagosa.

"IPetersburg Stories"

Umfanekiso waseSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol wawusekelwe ngokukodwa kwimibono eyenziwa ngumlobi xa ehlala kwisikhululo. Kwakulo xesha wabhala uluhlu lwamabali (i-Nevsky Prospekt, i-Nos, i-Portrait, i-Overcoat, i-Notes of Madman), eyayiqulunqa uluhlu lwePersburg Stories. Le mi sebenzi ixhunyiwe ngumbalo wezinto eziqhelekileyo, njengale:

• Ii-pathos ze-Ideological, zigcinwe ngomfanekiso wamandla omninzi, owonakalisa abantu, kunye nokuchaswa kwenkqubo yentlalo egcwele ubuxoki nokungabi nabulungisa.
• Ingxaki ebonisa ububi kunye nokungahlawulwanga kwamandla nemali.
• Umntu oyintloko wemisebenzi yonke "yindoda encinane".

I-Petersburg kumabali kaGogol ngumzi onokuphikisana kwezentlalo kunye neengxaki zoluntu.

Ukuhamba ngeNevsky Prospekt

Isitalato esikhulu kunye nesimboli saseSt. Petersburg nguNevsky Prospekt, ebonisa yonke intsingiselo yeNorthern Palmyra. Zizohlukana ngokwenene komnye nomnye. Kuyakwazi ukulandelela indlela umfanekiso wesitalato esikhulu kunye nomfanekiso weSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol kwimbali ethi "Nevsky Prospekt" inxulumene. Yintoni eya kuxutyushwa kamva.

I-Petersburg eNevsky Prospekt Gogol ibonakaliswa njengobombele kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokukhazimulisa kwezibane, ezivuyayo kunye ezintle. Kodwa emva koku kungakhathaleli, ukupholisa kunye nokungafihla into ebonakalayo yiNezvsky Prospekt. Umfanekiso kaGogol weSt. Petersburg uyaqhubeka unikwe izinto ezikhohlisayo nezikhohlisayo njengePushkin. Ekugqibeleni, ababhali abakhulu babuthana ndawonye ngombono omnye. Lapha iSt. Petersburg Gogol kunye nePushkin ziba zifana kakhulu. Iinjongo zikaPushkin ezivela kwi "Stationmaster" ziyaqhubeka zihlala kwiNevsky Prospekt.

Abantu ababuxoki, ababi nabakhweleyo bahlala kwiNevsky Prospekt. UGogol uchaza umfanekiso weSt. Petersburg njengomzobo kwimifanekiso. Ngaphantsi kobunqamle obuphezulu bemibala ekhanyayo, emotley neyayilingayo, amathoni amnyama omhlaba ongenangqondo kwaye ongenasiphelo.

Umfanekiso waseSt. Petersburg kumsebenzi kaGogol ubonakala umhle kwaye unesiqingatha. I-Nevsky Prospekt isebenza njengemaski, isiskiti esithwala isixeko ukuze idibanise kwaye ikhohlise abahlali bayo.

"I-Nevsky Prospect" isebenza njenge-prelude, isiqalo kumjikelezo wonke. Lo msebenzi ubonisa uhlangothi lwangaphandle lwePetersburg, kwaye isiseko salo siya kubonakala kumabali alandelayo.

Ezinye iindaba zePetersburg: I-Nose, i-Overcoat, i-Portrait

UGogol kwimbali ethi "I-Nose" ibonisa imeko engafaniyo - ukusuka kuMajor Kovalev iimpumlo zakhe, elalibhekwa njengeyona nto kuphela ebonakalayo yeqhawe, njengoko yayinempimple. Ukusebenzisa i-grotesque, hyperbole kunye neengqungquthela, uGogol ubonisa kwaye uhleka usulu igunya leenkundla kunye nokuhlonela. Umbhali ubonisa ngokucacileyo ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla kunye nokungaqondi.

Kwaye impumlo ayizange ibalekele kumnini, kodwa iphinde yajika yaba ngumbuso weekhansela waza waqala ukuhamba ngePerersburg. Kwaye uKovalev waphoqeleka ukuba amkhothamele, ekubeni isikhundla sakhe sisezantsi, kwaye kwihlabathi le-regalia enkulu yonke inqunywe. Isiphetho esivela kweli bali kukuba umntu oyintloko useyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu - impumlo, kwaye ngaphandle kwakhe aba yinto, indawo engenanto. Kodwa ke, ekugqibeleni, egqoke umfaniswano, unokuba luleke ngakumbi kunkosi yakhe.

Ubomi baseburhulumenteni baseSt. Petersburg buboniswa njengenjongo, engenanto kunye neyonyani.

I-Petersburg "Iinqophiso" ngumzi apho ubukho bomntu buxhomekeke ngqo kwiimeko zemali kunye nezentlalo. Isixeko apho kukho iihlabathi ezimbini: kuqala, zizaliswe izibane ezikhanyayo, apho izikhulu ziphezulu zihlala khona, kwaye okwesibini, apho iindawo ezinokuthi zingaphululelwe phezu kwentloko yokudlulayo, apho "abantu abancinci" bahlala khona, ubukho babo buphukile bengenakuqonda, kwaye ubomi buvela kwintlupheko noloyiko. Kusuka kweli hlabathi lesibini lithatha iqhawe lakhe uGogol. U Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, ummeli "wabantu abancinci", ngumntu ohluphekileyo okhonzayo, ephupha kuphela ngomnye-malunga nesambatho esitsha. Kwaye ukuyilawula, kufuneka ugcine kuyo yonke into: ukusuka kwiingcebiso kunye nokuphelela ngamakhandlela kunye nokutya.

U Akaky Akakievich ungumntu ohluphekileyo ngokomoya. Umsebenzi wakhe kuphela ebomini yinkonzo, kwaye iphupha lakhe elithandayo liyambatho entsha. Kodwa uGogol ubonisa lo myalelo onzima kangangokuba ubangela imfesane, isihawu novelwano. Kwaye oku kungenasiphelo, kungakhange kuthinte nabani na, buhlungu buhlungu.

Kwaye ngexesha lokufa kwakhe entliziyweni ye "ncinane" umnqweno wokuvukela umyalelo wehlabathi onjalo uzalwa. Ngokuchasene nenkqubo yoluntu egawula abantu. Le ndoda encinci inika uGogol amandla okubhikisha nokuchasana nokungabi nabulungisa nokungabi nantloni yento ekhoyo.

Kwimbali "Iifoto" ivakalisa umxholo wokudala, ehambelana nomxholo wobunyibiliko. I-Petersburg apha ibonakala njenge-monster, ikhubaza imiphefumlo yabantu. Ngoko ke, ekufezeni okufunayo-ukufumana isityebi nokubandakanya kuphela ukudweba, umlingisi obalaseleyo, uChartkov, uphendulelwa ngamandla egolide. Uba ngumculi owaziwayo, ubutyebi bakhe bukhula, kodwa ithalente iyancipha ngokulinganisela kuye.

Eqonda ukuba ilahlekile, uKhartkov uchitha inzuzo yakhe ekubhubhiseni izinto zobugcisa. Kancinci, uya kuba yinyanya, ekugqibeleni uyafa ngenxa yokubuhlungu kunye ne-delirium.

UDostoevsky nguye owalandela isithethe sikaGogol

Umfanekiso waseSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol noDostoevsky iyafana. UFyodor Mikhailovich waqhubeka echaza loo mzi ngokungabandakanyekanga kwiintlungu ezidlulileyo, ezizele ukuhlambalaza nokuhlambalaza, ukugawula "abantu abancinci" abangakhuselekanga.

UDostoevsky wayelungiselela isiko likaGogol lokuchaza iPetersburg. Kwaye wadala umntu oqhambileyo ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakhe malunga nesi sixeko. Wayekwazi ukufunda okungakumbi ngamandla okubhubhisa asePetersburg, okuchaphazela abantu abanengqondo.

I-Petersburg eyamnandi kunye neyomnandi iPogersburg ibonakaliswe kwimisebenzi kaDostoevsky ngokusebenzisa imibono kunye namaphupha abalinganiswa abasemqoka, ngokusebenzisa iimbali zeengxelo. Ngenxa yobu bungqina bezinto ezihambelanayo, ukubaluleka kombhali kwabizwa ngokuba "yindalo."

UDostoevsky ubhekisela kwimifanekiso "yabantu abancinci". Kodwa ukuba kwakuqhelekile ukuba iGogol ibe yinto emangalisayo kwaye ibonakalise intlekele ngendlela engathandekiyo, uFyodor Mikhailovich ugxininise ekuhluphekeni kwamaqhawe, kwiifesti zabo. Lawo onke amalungu omndeni waseMarmeladov, kunjalo noRaskolnikov ngokwakhe "kwiCalfact and Punishment". Kule ncwadana idolophu iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yabalinganiswa benkcazelo. Yaye le Petersburg eboniswa nguDostoevsky isondele kwiSt. Petersburg uAkaky Akakievich.

Kwimisebenzi kaDostoevsky ihlala ingummandla omnyama, onobukrakra weso sixeko, awusayi kugutyungelwa izibane kunye nemibala yeGogol kunye nePushkin. Umbhali uhlola ukuthungca kunye nokungcola kwamagceke akhe omqolo, okungaqhelekanga kumacandelo omgangatho, uthuli lomhlaba. Konke oku kuphazamisa umntu, kumqhubela udidekile, kumkhubekise.

Izigqibo

Umfanekiso waseSt. Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol noPushkin, ngoko ke, unempawu ezininzi ezifanayo, kunye nokungafani okukhulu.

I-Petersburg kwimisebenzi kaGogol iyatshintsha kwaye ikhohlise. Ukukhazimula kwezibane kuzo kudibaniswa nokunyameleka kwabemi bayo. I-Petersburg ibhetele kakhulu kwiGogol's Nevsky Prospekt. Kule bali, zonke iinjongo eziphambili, ezifana nobuntu behlabathi lasePetersburg, ukungcola kwayo, ukunyaniseka, umonakalo owonakalisayo kubemi bayo, ubuqhetseba kunye nobuqhetseba baye bafumanisa.

Pushkin Petersburg ubungcwele umoya ngexesha uPetros. City idibanisa zombini ubukhulu yezenzo uPetros nabo bonke bephela - hayi ngenxa nto ukuba yakhelwe phezu amathambo nemigxobhozo. Pushkin udala umfanekiso yonke, apho izinto ezimbini hlangana kunye. Ayinjalo Petersburg ukuba Gogol kaThixo, isixeko esifana kabini. ubuhle bayo kunye nobungangamsha - imaski lobuxoki usithe eyona oyinyaniso - mnyama, mnyama, crazy nezonakalisayo.

Pushkin and Gogol waba boqobo, ukudala umfanekiso St. Petersburg, ukukhetha ophambili le "ndoda omncinane", ongakwaziyo ukuxhathisa umzi, isixhobo wayo kunye nemithetho yayo. Yena bengenandlela kufa, eyaphukileyo inyathelwe.

Ngophuhliso kunye zacebisa ngokwesithethe Gogol, Dostoevsky, udala owakho umfanekiso wakho ezizodwa ezizodwa St Petersburg. City, ekwaziyo kuphela wentshabalalo ubomi babantu kunye nokuqonda kwabantu.

Ngumfanekiso St. Petersburg wahlala kwaye ihlala ubenomtsalane ababhali Russian. Ngenxa yoko, isithethe classical waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe Akhmatova, Blok, Andrei Bely. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo umzi kwi Neva kuMlambo iza kuqhubeka ukutsala iimfihlakalo yayo kangangoko ayizukubakho.