UVasily Perov, "Umdwebi": uphando: inkcazelo, inqaku elithakazelisayo

Wahlala iminyaka engama-48 nje kuphela, ezele umsebenzi owenziwa rhoqo wokudala kwaye wabamba kakhulu. UVasily Perov - ummeli obalaseleyo kwisikolo sepeyinti ye-Moscow yeXIXX. Wayengomnye wabasunguli beQumrhu eliLungileyo leMiboniso yezobuGcisa. Umsebenzi wakhe unamaxesha athile ahlukeneyo, enye yeyona yimboli yohlobo lwepeyinti - umzobo "Umlobi".

Ukusuka kubantu nakubantu

Unyana we-bureaucrat engumntu ongekho mthethweni, wada wathola intimba emva kokuba ngu-godfather - Vasiliev, kunye nesithenxiso sokuqhayisa, eyagqithwa ngokuba ngumnxeba, waphuma kwi-sexton eyamfundisa ukuba afunde nokubhala. Inkwenkwe yamxabela ngokukwazi ukubhala phantsi. UVasily Perov wayesazi ubomi bomntu oqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iimbonakalo zakhe - yonke imithwalo yakhe eninzi kunye nemihlali encinane. Ukuzivakalisa ngamandla onke talente anikezelwe yendalo - kule nto yabona umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko.

Iimpawu zokuqala ezaziwayo zentsimbi eselula, ebhaliwe nguye emva kwe-1860 (unyaka odlulileyo kwaye emva kokugqiba iziqu kwi-Academy of Arts), iqulethe uvavanyo olubalulekileyo okanye olunzulu lweziganeko ezithile zobomi baseRussia. Ngokomzekelo, i-pharisaism ekhethekileyo kwinxalenye yasefundisi yaseRussia, uyayichaza kwimifanekiso edumile "I-Tea yokusela e-Mytischi" (1862).

Kamva, uVasily Perov unxininisa ithoni yengqondo yendawo yakhe yokudweba, kumabali anikezelwe kwingxenye engaphephekiyo ebantwini, amanqaku angamangalelwa okanye amanqaku ahlaselekileyo. Umzekelo omangalisayo - owaziwayo "Owesithathu", obhalwe ngo-1866.

"Ukunyaniseka"

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lobomi kunye nobuchule, uVasily Perov uphindaphinda utshintshe uhlobo lombono wakhe, olujoliswe ebomini bomntu. Uba ngumdla ngakumbi kwaye unengxaki, unokukwazi ukuqwalasela iinkcukacha ezincinci. Ngeli xesha, kukho udumo lwakhe oludumiweyo, kubandakanywa nombhali, imifanekiso, kunye neentlobo zokudweba azibonakalisi umbala we-satire, kunye nokuhleka kwehla okanye ukukhanya okulula.

Kukho inani lezinto ezinokwenziwa, ngokusemthethweni zidibeneyo kumjikelezo omnye, ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"Quiet Passions". Iquka abadumileyo "Abazingeli Ekuphumleni" (1871), "Iintaka", ebhalwe ngo-1870, "iPigeon" (1874) kunye ne "Botanist" (1874). Kulowo nalowo uxelelwa malunga nezenzo ezilula neziqhelekileyo zomntu oqhelekileyo.

Ezi zinto ezithandwayo zihlukile. Abantu beentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi abahlala kuyo imizobo kaPerov. Kodwa kukho into efana nayo: ezi zikhuni azikhulumi ngezenzo ezihambisane nokubonakalisa iimvakalelo ezimangalisayo - ukugwetywa, isihawu okanye uvelwano. Amaqhawe apeyinti malunga "nokuzincama" ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukumomotheka, ukuhlaziya okanye ukunyaniseka. Ingxaki engaphantsi yenye into edibanisa le mihlaba - inzwa yobunye kunye nendalo. UPerov ugxininisa ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kwezi ngqiqo kunye nobuciko bakhe obuhle. Enye yezinto eziphambili uVasily Perov abhala kulo mbandela "nguLobibi" (1871), nalo lwenziwa kwiMiboniso Yehlabathi eVienna ngo-1873.

Isimo esinokuthula

Kwiphepha elingamacala angama-91 ubude kunye nobubanzi beentimitha ezingama-68, umculi ubonisa indawo enokuthula. Lawa awanabo abanobukrakra, abapopayi abanobucayi abaza kuthiwa uVasily Perov owaziwayo kwiRashiya. Umzobo "Umlobi" uthetha malunga nokulangazelela komntu othile. Ngawo onke ama-akhawunti, lo mlobi wasondela emlambo ngenxa yokuzonwabisa kwakhe, kwaye akafumani ukutya, kwaye akabonakali njengomntu ovuthayo.

Ukuqwalasela ingqalelo apho umculi ebona iqhawe lakhe, izixhobo zakhe zokuloba, indawo ejikelezileyo, kuyacaca ukuba ubona ukuzaliswa kobomi buntu kungabalulekanga kunokuba zibuqhetseba zembali zamaqhawe amakhulu, okanye iziganeko ezibonakalayo kwiidrama neentlekele zehlabathi.

I-protagonist

Ingqwalasela yombukeli ibhekiswe kumbindi ophambili womzobo ohlala kwindawo ephezulu yesikhumba. Emva koko awukwazi ukukhumbula nokuba bangaphi abantu abasemfanekisweni kaVasily Perov. Kwimvelaphi kukho umlobi wesibini, obandakanyekayo kwishishini elithile ebalulekileyo ekumiseni ukukhwela kwakhe, ekhangeleka njengengxenye ehambelanayo yokuphumla kusasa epholile kwiqula elincinane.

Ikhono lomculi ekudlulisweni kwengqondo kwelo xesha liyamangalisa. Umzobo nguVasily Perov ibali elityebileyo nelinomdla malunga nomzuzu omfutshane, owamkela kakhulu.

Ngokuqinisekileyo uyabanjwa, ujonge ngentsholongwane, esele eguqa kancane, ephumla izandla zakhe ngamadolo kwaye elele phambili, elungele ukukhawuleza intonga yokuloba ukuze anqande amaxhoba. Amanzi aqhelekileyo ngaselunxwemeni uyazola, njengesibuko. Kubonakala ukuba, i-float yayisanda kuguquka ukusuka ekulumeni, kwaye i-angler eyaziwayo yabona amaza okuqala ayehlukana naye ...

Ukuchaneka kwamalungu

Ayaziwa ukuba uVasily Perov ngokwakhe wayefuna ukuloba. Umzobo othi "Abalobi" uqulethe i-entourage, ekhuluma ngokubanzi. Ngaphambi kwethu asiyena oqalayo kule ngxaki. Walungiselela ngokucophelela inkqubo. Unento yokuhlala kuyo, kunokufihla kwimozulu, kukho into yokuvuselela. Iingcongolo zalo azigcini nje ngamagatsha aqingqiweyo. Zineenxalenye ezizodwa zetsimbi. Lindela umnatha - ukuba kukho ixhoba elikhulu, kunye neenyawo - intonga ekhethekileyo yokuloba, enezixhobo zegolide zesilivere. Akungabazeki - lo ngumbono!

Abo, ngobuphi ubuchule obhaliweyo ngaphambili komfanekiso, unokumxelisa kuphela. I-Perov ibonakala njengomdwebi ongaziwa nobunzima ekudluleni umdlalo wokukhanya kwentsasa emgodini wodongwe, kwiibhuthi ezikhanyayo okanye kwintsimbi inokuthi, kwaye ukuchaneka kweenkcukacha kufanelwe incwadi yokufunda kwimbali yokuloba!

Umntu uyingxenye yendalo

Kwimisebenzi yamanqanaba angaphambili okudala uPerov usebenzisa indawo engokwemvelo njengendlela yokunyanzelisa ukuvakalelwa okukhulu, kwaye "kuLobibi" umntu uchitha indawo yendalo, ukuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo.

Ukuluma okulungileyo kakhulu kukusa! Imibala yokuqala ikhanyisa umphezulu womthi ngasemva, kwaye isibhakabhaka sonke sele sasizaliswe ngokukhanya okukhulu, kodwa iindawo ezisebusuku zihlala zilele ngamanzi, kunye nokupheliswa okupholileyo kwimihla ezayo ...

Iiyure ezithengiweyo ekulobeni azibandakanyi ngexesha lokuphila - ngaba uVasily Perov akazange abhale umfanekiso wakhe? "Umlobi" - umfanekiso onika umbukeli umoya olololileyo, ongenqabile kwimifanekiso yeRashiya yeklasi yeXIX.